Significance and influence of a hundred schools of thought contending

Mozi's universal love

A saint whose duty is to rule the world must know how to rule chaos from the beginning; I don't know where the chaos started,

There is no cure. For example, if a doctor attacks a person's illness, he will know where it comes from, so how to attack it? Don't know the disease

From the place, the Buddha can attack. What is the only way to cure the chaos? You know, chaos has started, how to treat it; hear nothing of

If chaos begins, it can be cured. A saint whose duty is to rule the world must start from the place where chaos occurs.

When investigating chaos, why should we start with (2)? Do you love each other? The courtiers are not filial to your father, which is called chaos. Self-love, no

Love your father, so lose your father and be selfish; Brothers love themselves and don't love their brothers, so they lose their brothers and benefit themselves; I love myself, not you,

Therefore, the so-called chaos is to lose money for self-interest. Although the father is heartless, the brother is heartless, and the gentleman is heartless, this

The so-called world chaos. Father loves himself but not his son, so he loses his son and benefits himself; My brother loves himself, but he doesn't love my brother.

Therefore, the loss of a brother is selfish; You love yourself, but you don't love your minister, so you are selfish because of your loss. What is this? Nobody loves each other.

Even if you are a thief, it's still the same: you love your room, but you don't love your other room, so you steal it to benefit your room.

Thieves love their bodies, not their lovers, so thieves benefit their bodies. What is this? Nobody loves each other. Although at the doctoral level,

The same is true of those who attack the country with princes: doctors love their families, but they don't love foreigners, so they confuse foreigners to benefit their families.

Governors love their own country, not foreign countries, so they attack foreign countries to benefit their own country. There is nothing more chaotic than this.

Why did you start here? Nobody loves each other.

If the world loves each other and the lover loves himself, will there be unfilial people? If you look at your father, brother and gentleman,

Evil deeds are unfilial (3)? Are there any unkind people? Is it inhuman to treat your disciples and ministers as yourself? Therefore, unfilial and heartless death.

There is also 4. Are there any thieves? So, if a person's room is his room, who will steal it? Treat others as yourself. Who is the thief? old villain/scoundrel

Thieves die. There are doctors who have lost their footing, and governors who attack the country? Who cares if someone is at home? look

If a country is a country, who will attack it? Therefore, the doctors were in chaos, and the princes attacked the country and died. If the world is harmonious,

Love, countries don't attack each other, families don't interfere with each other, thieves don't exist, and fathers and sons can do their filial piety. If this is the case,

Then the world was ruled.

Therefore, a saint who takes the rule of the world as his own duty cannot but be evil and persuade love. Therefore, if people love each other, they will rule each other and cross each other.

Evil is chaos. So Mozi said, "Those who don't advise their lovers are also."

Attention ————————

(1) Universal love is one of the most representative theories of Mohism. The so-called universal love, in essence, requires people to love others as their own, and there should be no concept of blood relationship and grade difference between them. Mozi believed that not loving each other was the biggest cause of social chaos at that time, and only "loving each other and benefiting each other" could achieve social stability. This theory has the progressive significance of resisting the concept of aristocratic hierarchy, but it also has a strong idealistic color. (2) when: pronounced "taste". ③ Evil (wū): He. (4) Death: preach "nothing".

Mozi loves everything.

Zi Mozi said: "the reason why benevolent people do things is to promote the interests of the world and eliminate the harm of the world."

This is also a matter of doing things. "But the benefits of this world? What harm is there in the world? Zi Mozi said, "If the country is today,

Attack the country with the country, usurp power with the family, take the people as thieves, be disloyal to the monarch and ministers, and be heartless to the father and son.

Filial piety, discord between brothers, also harms the world. "

But what's the use of worshipping this kind of harm (1)? Do not love each other and create sin? Zi Mozi said, "Born without love."

Today's princes only know how to love their own country, but not their own, so they support their own country and attack others without fear. Today's master is unique.

Knowing how to love one's home but not one's is to usurp one's home without fear. Today, people only know how to love their bodies.

If you don't love your lover, you are not afraid to lift yourself up and be a thief. So governors don't love each other, they fight in other places;

If the masters don't love each other, they will usurp each other; People who don't love each other are thieves; If you don't love each other, you won't be loyal;

Father and son do not love, that is, they are not filial; Brothers don't love each other, so they are not harmonious. All the people in the world don't love each other, so we must be strong.

Weakness makes the rich bully the poor, expensive makes the arrogant (2), and fraud deceives the foolish. Where there is disaster and resentment in the world, the reason is that,

Life without love. It is based on Pedestrian ③.

Since it's wrong, how can it be easy? Zi Mozi said, "It is easy to love each other and benefit each other."

However, how to love and kill each other and complement each other? Zi Mozi said: look at the country of people, if you look at its country; Look at people

Home, if you look at your home; Look at a person's body, if you look at his body. Therefore, if princes love each other, they will not compete; Master Xiang

Love will not usurp each other; If people love each other, they will not be thieves; When the monarch and the minister love each other, there must be loyalty; So, father and son love each other.

Filial piety; Brothers love each other and are happy. Everyone in the world loves each other, the strong don't hold the weak, the public doesn't rob the widowed, and the rich don't bully.

Poor and expensive but not arrogant, cheating but not deceiving fools. All disasters in the world usurp resentment, so that those who do not ascend are born with love. be

Be praised by kind people.

Today, however, Mr. Wang said, "Of course! It is good to have both; Although, times are hard.

Also (4). Mozi said, "A gentleman in the world doesn't know his benefits, so he argues. If you attack today,

In the battle of the city field, it is difficult for everyone to kill in the name. If you say (5), then people can do it.

If you love each other and benefit from each other, it will be different! If the husband loves others, he will love others. Those who benefit others are also people.

So as to benefit it; Evil, people will be evil; If you hurt others, others will hurt you. Why is it so difficult?

Special officials think that politics, scholars think that not doing things. "Jin Wengong, a good man's evil clothes, is a minister of Wen Gong.

They are all sheepskin (6), and Wei Yi wears a sword (7) to practice silk, so that you can see it in the morning. Is it?

Then why? You did, so I did. In the past, King Chu Ling was a good scholar (8), so the ministers of King Ling were all based on

Have a meal on holidays, threaten to take it after a rest, and hold the wall up. Compared with the previous year, the color of North Korea has darkened. What is the reason?

You say it, and I can do it. In those days, Ju Jian, the King of Yue, trained the courage of a good scholar, taught the ministers to tame, lived in peace and set fire to the ship.

The scholar said, "This is the treasure of Yue!" The King of Yue personally beat the drums, and his men entered. When they heard the drums, they broke them.

Wandering (9), jumping into the fire and dying, surrounded by more than a hundred people, the king of Yue struck gold and retreated. This is why Mozi said:

"If you eat less, dress poorly, and kill people in the name, it will be hard for all the people in the world. If Gou Jun said it,

Then everyone can do it; Love each other, mutual benefit, not the same as this! If the husband loves others, others will love them. profit

People also benefit from it; The wicked, people are so evil; If you harm others, others will harm others. this

Why is it so difficult? Tex doesn't think about politics, and scholars don't think about doing things (10).

Today, however, Mr. Wang said, "Of course! It is good to have both; Although, what is not feasible is also true.

For example, crossing mountains and rivers will benefit. Mozi said, "Right and wrong are also examples. The husband climbed too high to cross the river to save money.

It can be said that robbery is fierce. Since ancient times, no one can do it; If you love each other and benefit from each other, then

This difference was made by the ancient sages and kings. "Why do you know it? The ancients ruled the world, and the west fished for the west river to vent.

Canal, sun and emperor's water. In the north are the defense, the original and the faction, followed by the government (1 1) and the sprinkling pond sinus as the bottom pillar (12).

Carving dragons benefits the people of Huxun and Xihe in Yan State. The land of the East leaked (13). In order to prevent the Enlightenment, the leakage is as follows.

In September, the people of Jizhou were benefited by the water from the east soil. To the south are the rivers, Han, Huai and Ru, and to the east, they flow into the five lakes.

In order to benefit the people of Jingchu, Gansu, Yue and Nanyi. This is my business, and I'm doing it now. Xi Wang

Governing the western soil, the sky is like a bright moon, and it shines all around, in the western soil. Don't insult small countries for the sake of big countries, and don't insult many people.

Widowed, don't rob someone for violence. Wang Ci, old and childless, has gained something.

End his life; Without brothers (14) mixed with strangers; Those who have lost less parents will be sheltered.

And long. This article is about the king, so I do it today and now. In the past, the prince of Wu took charge of Mount Tai and said (15) "Tai!

Shan, there is a saying that the great-grandson has something to do with it. Great things have been done, and benevolent people are still doing things, so only Shang (16), Xia and barbarians are ugly.

Although there are relatives, they are heartless. Wan Fang is guilty, and Wei Yu is alone. "This featuring things, I today and easy.

Therefore, Mozi said: "Today's gentleman is loyal to the wealth of the world and hates its poverty; The longing for heaven

The next rule, and the evil chaos, when both sides love and benefit from each other. This holy king's law is also the rule of the world.

Do nothing. "

Attention ————————

(1) "Chong" is an error of "Cha". ② "ao" means "ao". (3) The word "line" is a mistake of "benevolence". 4 "Yu" is a loan word of "pedantry". ⑤ "Say" means "Yue". (6) ewe: ewe. (7) Wei: cooked cowhide. (8) thin: thin waist. (9) Breaking the doubt is the mistake of the word "array". (10) "Shi" is a mistake of "Shang". (1 1) "Hou" is a "call" error. (12) "Bottom" is the fault of "well". (13) "Right" is a "big" mistake. (14) "Lian" is a foreign word of "pity". (15) The word "tunnel" is suspected to be a mistake of the word "sui". (16) Save.

Mozi loves everything.

Zi Mozi said: "A benevolent person will do his best to promote the benefits of the world and eliminate the harm of the world." Randang

What is the biggest injury in the world at this time? Yue: If a big country attacks a small country, everyone will be chaotic.

It is a bad world to rob the weak, the people are violent and few, the people are deceitful and stupid, and the people are arrogant and cheap. With those kings

If you don't show kindness, your minister is disloyal, your father is heartless, and your son is unfilial, which will harm the world.

And today's bitch, with his weapon, is poisonous to fire and water, so as to lose the other side and harm the world.

The primitive ancient taste is like the birth of many evils. This moustache rises? This kind of self-love is beneficial to life and? In other words, it must be said:

"Not really." Will say: "stay away from the wicked, thieves live." Divided into the world, the wicked and the thief, and

With what? Not talking? That is, you must say "no." However, people who leave each other will be born with great harm to the world. Yes, therefore.

Don't be wrong. Zi Mozi said, "If you are not human, you have to exchange. If you are not human, you can't exchange it. The metaphor is still water. "

Fire fighting is also (1), and it will be said that it will be needed. "It was the late son Mozi who said," It's easy to say goodbye. "However, you can have both.

What is the reason for leaving easily? Yue: If you are a country of mankind, your husband will attack other people's countries, even though he is his own.

Hey (2)? For each other, but also for yourself. If you are human capital, if you are capital, you will be human capital.

who is it? Do the same thing for yourself. If a person's home is his home, who can make a mess of it?

Do the same thing for yourself. However, even if countries don't attack each other and people don't disturb thieves, what harm does this world have? Be known by the world

Interests and? In other words, the benefits of the world are also.

The ancient people's tastes originated from common goodness. This moustache rises? Is this from The Life of a Thief? In other words, you must say, "No.

Besides. "You must say," Let your life benefit from your lover. "Who is world-famous, who loves others, who benefits others, not with? synchronously

With what? That is to say, "Yes." However, people who make friends at the same time will bear the great benefits of this world. It's Mozi, the late son.

Yue: "It's both." Besides, I said in my hometown (3): People who do things with kindness will try their best to promote the interests of the world except heaven.

The next harm. Today, I was born both in the original and in the original, which is of great benefit to the world. I was born in a different place, and the world is big.

So is the victim. Therefore, Mozi said "you can't have both" and "have both", which is unexpected.

Today, I will seek the interests of the world and regard it as both positive and negative. Is it based on listening, watching and listening?

(5)! It is based on the strength of femur and humerus (6)! There is a saying that those old people who have no wives,

Take care of yourself and end your life; Those who have no parents to raise the young, weak and orphans are sheltered from growing up. Today, there is only one thing to do.

If it is correct, it will be beneficial. People who don't understand the world are ignorant, so what is the reason?

However, people in the world, who are not both, have not stopped saying, "This is good, though, how can it be used?"

Zi Mozi said: "I can't use it, although I can't;" And there are good ones that are not available. "GuChang?

Go forward in two ways (8). Who thinks that two scholars (9) let one catch the other and the other catch the two? So don't.

The scholar said, "Can you be my friend? What if I were my body? For my friend's relatives, if for my relatives? " be

So I retire to see my friends, I don't eat when I'm hungry, I don't wear it when I'm cold, I don't take care of it when I'm sick, and I don't bury it when I die. If what others say is true.

Here, in that case. If you don't talk, you won't do it. He said: "I heard that those noble people in the world must be."

His friend's body, if that's his body; Be a relative of his friend, if he is a relative. Then you can work for Gao Shi in the world. "

So, you should retire to see your friends, feed them when you are hungry, dress them when you are cold, nurse them when you are sick, and bury them when you die. The words of a scholar

If it is, if it is. If you are a scholar, what you say is not true, but what you do is the opposite? If you were a scholar (10), you would say so.

Faith, action will bear fruit, so that words and actions are combined, and Jeff is also speechless. But I dare ask: Is there peace today?

It turned out that Hirono was here and was robbed by Jia Ying. He will go to war, and his right to life and death is unknown. And the doctor's distant ambassador.

In Pakistan, Vietnam, Qi and Jing, there is no contact and it is unknown. However, I dare to ask: I don't know if it hurts my family, I will serve you.

Do you really trust your relatives and wife, but don't know how to have both? Different from others? I thought when

There are no fools' husbands and wives here. Although it is neither, it must be relied on. This argument

If there is neither, you can choose both, that is, the cost of words and deeds is also (1 1). People who don't know the world, so they can smell both,

What is the reason?

However, people in the world, not both, did not stop saying, "You can choose your own people, but you can't."

Choose a gentleman? "Gu Pin two, and went in. Who thinks that two monarchs (12) can make one monarch have both?

Say goodbye. Therefore, the words of the other monarch are as follows: "My evil can be all my bodies. What if it is my body? This Thailand is not the best in the world.

Love also (13). A person's life depends on the fact that there is no geometry on the ground, and the metaphor is still walking through the gap. "This is a reason to see it.

All people, hunger means no food, cold means no clothes, illness means no care, and death means no burial. If what you say is true, good.

If it is. If you don't talk, you won't do it. You said, "I heard that if you are a wise monarch in the world, you must be the leader of all people first."

The back is the body, and then it can be the king of the world. "So it's time to look at all the people, hungry, ready to eat, cold.

That is, clothing, disease care, death funeral burial. If you say so, if you do so. However, if it is two.

Gentlemen, what you say is not true, but what you do is the opposite? Often, two kings will keep their words and deeds, so that words and deeds are one.

Jeff is also silent. However, I dare to ask: there is a plague this year (14), and many people have worked hard to freeze.

With grace, many people have turned to die in the ravine. If you don't know who will choose the second king, where will you go? I want to think of it as

There are no fools' husbands and wives here. Although neither is, they must obey the monarch. You don't have both, you can choose both.

This words and deeds are also brushed. If you don't know the world, you will hear all this, but not it.

But people in the world are not both, and they don't stop, saying, "both benevolence and righteousness;" although

But what can be done? I can't have it both ways, but I still want to cross the river with Mount Tai. Therefore, both, straight wish.

Also, how can a husband be something in the world? "Mozi said," My husband has crossed the river since ancient times, the river of Mount Tai.

Born as a man, there is nothing. Today, if the husband loves each other and brings out the best in each other, this is what the sages and six kings did. "

How much do you know about the relatives of the Six Kings? Zi Mozi said, "I didn't live with it at the same time. I heard its voice and saw it with my own eyes."

Its color is also; Those who write them on bamboo and silk, engrave them on stones, and engrave them on plates know it. "

"Thai oath" says: "If King Wen looks at the moon at first sight, he will look at the four directions and the west." It is this statement that is both king and king.

Love the vastness of the world more than the sun and the moon and care for everything in the world. That is, this article is both for the king; Although Mozi

The so-called combinator depends on the method adopted!

Not only is it a Thai oath, but it is also an oath. Yu Yue said, "There are many people and it is salty.

Listen to me! Not only boys, but also dare to talk nonsense. Stupidity is a seedling and is punished by heaven. If we give all groups a ratio.

(15), in order to sign seedlings. "Yu Zhizhi has a seedling, but he does not want to be rich, dry and happy;

To promote the benefits of the world and eliminate the harm of the world. That is, this is also; Although Mozi is the so-called combination, Yu Yu asked for it.

What?

And not only did he take ""for granted, but Tang remained the same even though he said so. Tang said, "Only children dare to use it.

Xuanmu told the day after tomorrow, saying,' There is a great drought today, so I wonder if it is good to offend the superiors and subordinates when we are going.

Dare to hide, guilty dare not forgive, the emperor's heart is simple, and all parties are guilty, that is, be my body; I'm guilty and ordinary. "

In other words, Tang Gui is the son of heaven, rich in the world, but he is not afraid to sacrifice himself as a god and talk to ghosts and gods in words.

That is, this soup also; Although the combination of Mozi and Mozi is based on the method of soup.

And not only vows and soup, but also Zhou's poems. Zhou Shi said: "Wang Daodang."

Swing, unbiased and not party; The way to be a king is flat, without partisanship or prejudice. If it is a straight, it will be easy (16). Gentleman's place

What the villain saw was shoes. "If my words are not Tao, the ancients said that it is equally divided with Wu, and the sage punishes violence.

No relatives or brothers (17). That is, this article is both martial arts and military. Although Mozi is the so-called concurrently, Yu Wen,

How to use force? People who don't know the world smell both, so what is the reason?

However, the words of the world are not both, and it is still not over. Say: "Is it filial to be unfaithful to your loved ones?"

Zi Mozi said, "Taste the aunt of the original dutiful son as a dear one. I don't know that the dutiful son is a relative, but also someone else.

Love, benefit your loved ones and? Want to be hated by others and steal from others? In words, it means loving others and benefiting your loved ones.

Yes But if I do evil first, I will get this. If I make love first, then people will repay me for loving me.

Honey? Does that mean I have to kiss the wicked first, and then people will repay me with love and love? That is, I will do it first.

Love my loved ones, and then people will repay me for loving my loved ones. However, if you are a dutiful son, do you have to? A string 1

Make love to relatives first? It means to meet a dutiful son in the world, but it is not enough for granted? Gu Chang Ben yuan

One. The book "The Way of Elegance" by the late king said: "No words, no virtue, no reward. Vote for me

Peach reciprocates plum. "That is to say, the lover sees love and the wicked sees evil. Don't know the world

People, so they all smell and don't smell, how can they see it?

Feel difficult but not evil? People who can do it with difficulties, the elf king became the ghost king when he was so young.

Body, Jing people have no meal, solid and prosperous. So it's hard to make an appointment for dinner.

Then, for, and the spirit king said, don't overstep the bounds, but the people can move, that is, ask for the hometown (18). pass

Ju Jian, the King of Yue, was very brave. He taught his officials for three years. He thought he didn't know enough, so he set fire to the boat and then went in with drums.

One. Countless people died in the forefront (19). In this case, you quit instead of drumming.

People across the country are shaking (20). So it's hard to burn our bodies, and then, as King Yue said, it's not over.

The world is big, and the people can move, that is, to go to the countryside. Former leader Jin Wengong was deeply impressed. When Wen Gong was in power, the State of Jin

Men, clothes of big cloth, fur of sheepskin, crowns of silk training, and fetters, the custom of entering the crowd and leaving the court.

So it is difficult for him to take it, and then it is, and Wen Gong said that it is not beyond the world, and the people can move, that is, ask for it.

The countryside is also on it. So it is extremely difficult to eat, burn the boat and get clothes, and then say no.

Beyond the world and people can move, why? It is also required in the countryside. Today, if husbands love each other and benefit from each other, this

Beneficial, easy to do and invincible. I don't think anyone talks about it. If you have a theory.

Those who advise them to reward with honor and threaten with punishment, I think people love each other and are mutually beneficial, and that's it.

It is impossible that the fire will not go up and the water will not go down.

Therefore, the two, St. Wang Zhidao also, the reason why the nobles are safe and the people are well-fed, therefore,

A gentleman does everything without thinking. It is beneficial for the monarch and loyal for the minister; Fathers should be kind, and sons should be kind.

Filial piety; Brothers must be friends, brothers must be friends. Therefore, a gentleman should be a gentleman, a loyal minister, a loving father and a dutiful son.

Friends and brothers can't have both. This St. Wang Zhidao is of great benefit to everyone.

Note]

(1) "Extinguishing fire with water" is regarded as "saving water with water and extinguishing fire with fire." (2) "Although" is the fault of "Who". (3) "township": that is, "township". (4) The word "Zheng" in this sentence should be deleted, and "Yu" is a mistake in the word "Xing". ⑤ "and" is the mistake of "for". (6) "Strong pen" means "brush" and "moving" is the mistake of "gang". (7) Harmony is suspected to be a "yes" mistake. (8) "Gold" is a loanword of "Gold". (9) "Who" is a mistake in the word "Ding". (10) "when" is like "taste". (1 1) "Fei" means "Fu". (12) "Who" is the fault of "Set". (13) "Tai" means "Tai". (14) Furuncle: plague. (15) "If" is suspected to be a "Z" error. The word "both" is a foreign word "namely". "Group against group" should be regarded as "group country and group monarch". (16) "Well" means "rock". (17) A: Private. (18) "Xiang" is connected with "Xiang". (19) "You" is a mistake of "Zhe". (20) "quiver" is pronounced "fear".