Where did the name of Hong Kong come from?

The origin of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, is a fragrant harbor. There have been different opinions about the origin of this beautiful name. However, it is generally believed that the most reliable statement is that it was once a port for transporting and selling incense, hence the name Hong Kong. In the Ming Dynasty, Hong Kong, Dongguan, Bao 'an and Shenzhen in Guangdong were rich in Guanxiang, which was deeply loved by the people. Therefore, they were exported to Jiangsu and Zhejiang and enjoyed a good reputation throughout the country. At that time, incense merchants usually transported official incense boats to Guangzhou or Jiangsu and Zhejiang at Shipaiwan Port on the north shore of Hong Kong Island, so people called this port Hong Kong, which means a port for selling and transporting incense, and called the village next to the port Hong Kong Village. 184 1 year, after the British invaders landed in Stanley, south of Hong Kong Island, a local resident named Chen Qun led the way north. When passing through Hong Kong Village, the British army asked about the place name, and Chen Qun answered "Hong Kong" in the local dialect. The British recorded it with the local accent of Chen Qun and used it to address the whole island. 1842, treaty of nanking officially confirmed Hong Kong as the name of the whole island. After the signing of 1856 Sino-British Beijing Treaty and 1898 Special Provisions on Expanding the Border of Hong Kong, Hong Kong became the title of the whole region. The historical evolution of Hong Kong dates back to ancient times, and Hong Kong was inhabited. After Qin Shihuang destroyed the six countries and unified the Central Plains, he sent troops to pacify the Lingnan area where the Vietnamese lived in compact communities, and incorporated it into the territory of the Qin Dynasty, establishing three counties of Nanhai, Guilin and Xiang Jun, and dispatching 500,000 businessmen and lawless elements from the Central Plains to this area to guard the development. Hong Kong has been under the jurisdiction of the central government of China since Qin Shihuang, and it didn't stop until Britain occupied Hong Kong. After Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang pacified the world, because Lingnan was too far away and beyond his reach, he adopted a policy of appeasement towards Zhao Tuo and was named the King of South Vietnam. After Liu Bang's death, Zhao Tuo became independent again, and the imperial court repeatedly failed, so it had to send a reward again. This allowed Zhao Tuo to remove the name of the emperor and surrender to the Han Dynasty. The Han Dynasty set up nine counties here, including Nanhai, Hepu and Jiaotoe. Hong Kong is under the jurisdiction of Boluo County, Nanhai County. Since then, it has continued to the Western Jin Dynasty. In the sixth year of Emperor Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the eastern part of Nanhai County was divided, and another Dongguan County was established, which governed six counties including Baoan, Xingning and Haifeng. The jurisdiction of Baoan County includes today's Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Dongguan, and the county seat is today's Shenzhen Nantou City. Dongguan County was abolished in Sui Dynasty, and its jurisdiction was merged into Nanhai County and guangzhou fu. Baoan County was changed to Nanhai County, and Hong Kong was still managed by Baoan County. In the second year from Tang Suzong to Germany, Baoan County was changed to Dongguan County, and Hong Kong was under the jurisdiction of Dongguan County. In the first year of Wanli in Ming Shenzong, Liu Wen, the deputy envoy of Guangdong Sea Patrol, authorized the court to set up another county along the coast of Dongguan County, named Xin 'an County. Since then, Hong Kong has been under the jurisdiction of Xin 'an County. In the 22nd year of Daoguang reign of Qing Dynasty (1842), the Opium War between China and Britain, the defeat of the Qing court, and the cession of Hong Kong Island to Britain. In the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), Kowloon Peninsula was ceded to Britain. In the 24th year of Guangxu (1898), the New Territories were also forcibly leased by the British, and the whole territory of Hong Kong was under the British administration. The history of humiliation 1. Britain coveted China for a long time during the Opium War. From 65438 to 0773, Britain started opium trade with China and became the largest opium dealer. British opium merchants continuously imported opium into China, which plunged China into a quagmire of disaster. A large amount of silver flowed out, which caused a serious financial crisis of the Qing government and even caused people's misery. Industry and commerce are generally depressed, and opium poisoning has been rampant in China. Wei Yuan, a patriot at that time, said angrily in the book Atlas of the Ocean; "The cigar smoke is a disaster that China has never seen in 3,000 years." The destruction of opium in Humen was plundered by Britain from 65438 to 0839, and opium smoke billowed, which directly threatened the survival of the Chinese nation. At this time, the "anti-smoking faction" represented by Lin Zexu, a famous patriot and national hero in China's modern history, waved the sword of China, fought resolutely with the British invaders and led the anti-smoking movement that shocked the world. 1In March of 839, Lin Zexu arrived in Guangzhou as an imperial envoy to inspect opium. 1On June 3rd, 839, Lin Zexu came to Humentan near Guangzhou and ordered all the opium seized to be destroyed in public. The destruction of opium in Humen showed the world the strong will of China people to ban smoking and resist foreign invaders. Lin Zexu's feat of destroying opium in Humen has won the support of all those who uphold justice in the world. For example, in his book On the Crime of Opium Trade in China, an Englishman accused British businessmen of "opium trade has brought great insult to the British flag", but British opium traders and industrial capitalists were unwilling to fail and stepped up their activities to urge the British government to launch a war of aggression against China. In June, 48 ships with 540 cannons and 4,000 soldiers arrived in Guangdong waters and blocked the Pearl River estuary. As a result, the Opium War, which the British bourgeoisie had planned for a long time to open the door to China and seek the greatest interests from Britain in China, finally broke out. On July 6, Dinghai, the main city of Zhoushan Islands, was conquered. In the north, Daoguang sent Qishan, a timid and incompetent bureaucrat, to Guangzhou to make peace with the British army, and at the same time made Lin Zexu responsible for investigating the confusion and incompetence of the Qing government, which encouraged the invaders. 1841110 In October, British troops occupied Hong Kong Island by force, captured Humen in February and invaded Guangzhou in May. From 65438 to 0842, Britain further expanded its war of aggression against China and successively captured Xiamen, Dinghai, Ningbo, Wusong and Zhenjiang. On August 29th of the same year, the Qing government and Britain signed the treaty of nanking, the first unequal treaty in China's modern history. Second, the British ceded Hong Kong and occupied our territory, Hong Kong Island, according to treaty of nanking. The British occupation of Hong Kong Island destroyed the territorial integrity of China. Britain's aim is to control China militarily and economically. 1860, 10, British and French troops invaded Beijing and razed the garden to the ground. The Qing government was forced to accept all the demands of the invaders and signed the Beijing Treaty on June 24, 65438/KLOC-0. In this way, Britain occupied the land south of Boundary Street in Kowloon Peninsula today and Stonecutters Island, the big island in the west of Kowloon Peninsula. This further consolidated and strengthened Hongkong, the base for invading China. After Britain occupied the southern part of Kowloon Peninsula, it soon attempted to occupy the whole Kowloon Peninsula and its adjacent islands and waters. 1On June 9th, 898, the Prime Minister of the Qing government and Britain signed the Special Article on Expanding the Border of Hong Kong in Beijing. According to this agreement, the Qing government leased the land south of Shenzhen River and north of Boundary Street in Kowloon Peninsula for 99 years. This land leased to Britain was later called Hong Kong New Territories. Therefore, the British conquered the territory of China and Hongkong through bayonets and foreign guns. Three. British colonial rule in Hong Kong The establishment of British government in Hong Kong is an important part of British colonial rule in Hong Kong. 1On June 26th, 843, Britain used the exchange of notes in treaty of nanking to declare Hong Kong a British "crown colony" and appointed Pu Dingcha as the first governor of Hong Kong. The British Hong Kong government was established. The Governor, also known as the Governor, is the person who assumes the responsibility of the highest head in the British Hong Kong government. According to the Letters Patent, the fundamental law of British colonial rule over Hong Kong, the emperor is the supreme ruler of Hong Kong, and the governor is the emperor's plenipotentiary. There are four systems under the Governor, which constitute the British rule in Hong Kong: (1) the Advisory Executive Council and the Legislative Council, (2) the executive body headed by the Chief Secretary, (3) the judicial body headed by the Chief Justice, and (4) the British troops stationed in Hong Kong under the command of the British Ministry of Defence. In addition, an independent Anti-Corruption Commission (ICAC) was established. The Executive Council and the Legislative Council are two important institutions to assist the Governor in exercising his functions and powers. The principal officials of the British Hong Kong Government also include the Chief Secretary, the Financial Secretary and the Department of Justice. British troops stationed in Hong Kong are an important force for Britain to maintain its colonial rule over Hong Kong. Since Britain occupied Hong Kong through self-improvement, it has maintained a relatively stable number of troops in Hong Kong, about 1 10,000, including three services. The legal and judicial system originated from Britain is an important means for Britain to govern Hong Kong. Britain not only colonized Hong Kong politically, but also ensured the privileged position of the British-funded consortium in Hong Kong economically. British consortium refers to the British capital consortium based in Hong Kong, mainly including HSBC consortium, Swire consortium and Jardine Matheson consortium. Most British-funded consortia started their businesses earlier and have been involved in the Hong Kong economy for a long time. They have a close relationship with the British Hong Kong government and have a great influence on the policies of the British Hong Kong government. Relying on the support of the Hong Kong government, they control the economic lifeline of Hong Kong. For example, HSBC and Standard Chartered Bank owned by the British have the privilege of issuing Hong Kong dollars; Cable & Wireless, through its subsidiaries, Cable & Wireless Hong Kong and Hong Kong Telephone Company, monopolized the external communication, telephone and telecommunications services in Hong Kong. British real estate companies own a lot of real estate in Hong Kong. As Hong Kong people say, "The Jockey Club, Jardine Matheson, HSBC and Government House actually rule Hong Kong." British colonial rule made the whole Hong Kong society full of colonialism. 4. During World War II, Japan occupied Hong Kong and fell to19411February 7 (Sunday), and Hong Kong presented a peaceful and carefree atmosphere. The cinema is full, the bar is full, jazz music keeps coming out from the dance floor, and young people go for an outing in the suburbs of the New Territories in droves. In less than three weeks, Christmas will come. Only two or three days ago, the Hong Kong government held several joking air defense exercises. But the next morning, I heard the rumble of planes, the violent explosion of bombs and the return of anti-aircraft guns. The unexpected battle of Hong Kong began. Under the cover of fighter planes, 36 Japanese light bombers attacked Kai Tak Airport and Kowloon Seaplane Parking Area. Some houses near the airport were also hit by bombs. On the same day, Japan also attacked Pearl Harbor, a US naval and air base. The Pacific War broke out. On February 8, 65438, while attacking Kai Tak Airport and other places, Japanese soldiers divided into four roads and crossed the Shenzhen River to attack the New Territories. At the garbage bay line, most of the British troops retreated with a little resistance. Only in Huang Jinshan, southwest of Chengmen Reservoir, the fighting was fierce, and the two sides started hand-to-hand combat, and the battalion commander of the British infantry battalion was killed. In the end, the British commander Major General Maby decided to give up Kowloon and ordered the "Peninsula Brigade" to withdraw to Hong Kong Island. The Battle of Kowloon lasted only five days until 12 night, when the whole Kowloon Peninsula was occupied by the Japanese invaders. 12 at night, Britain and Japan shelled each other across Victoria Harbour. The next morning, a boat with a white flag sailed from Yau Ma Tei Pier in Kowloon to Hong Kong Island. The ship carried Tadashi Tanaka, Japan's special envoy for surrender, and private secretaries of the kidnapped Hong Kong Governor Li Fu and others. The British army rejected Japan's surrender. 17, the Japanese army once again sent people to cross the sea in two small boats to persuade them to surrender. Hong Kong Governor Yang refused again and warned Japan that if there were any more "peace messengers" crossing the sea, Hong Kong would not shoot them politely. At midnight on June 5438+08, the Japanese army forcibly landed on the north shore of Hong Kong Island with motorboats, rubber boats and other ships 100. They landed. After they landed, they fought fiercely with the British army in Huangniyong. Captain Ruosong of the Japanese army was seriously injured, and John Rochen (Canadian adult), commander of the British Western Brigade, was killed. As a result, the British army retreated, and the eastern and western brigades defending Hong Kong Island were cut off. The Japanese army also occupied Huangniyong Reservoir, cutting off the British water supply. There are few British troops left in some areas. The British commander thinks he can't resist any longer. After consulting with the governor, he decided to surrender unconditionally. On the evening of 25th, the British troops on the eastern and western fronts hung white flags one after another. So far, the battle of Hong Kong, which lasted 18 days, ended in the complete failure of the Japanese occupation of the whole Hong Kong area. 65438+February 25th is Christmas. In the evening, a car with a white flag sailed from Central to the Japanese headquarters in Happy Valley. Governor Yang signed an "armistice agreement" with Japanese representatives. He himself became a prisoner of the Japanese army. That night, most Hong Kong residents hid in dark houses or bomb shelters. The brightly lit "city that never sleeps" in the past has turned into a horrible world with rivers of blood, and the whole Hong Kong region has completely fallen into the clutches of the Japanese invaders, so people call this day "Black Christmas".