The significance of ancient poetry in the sixth grade of primary school and the author's brief introduction

Cao Zhi (192-233) Zijian. Pei Guoqiao (now Bo County, Anhui Province) was born. An outstanding poet in the Three Kingdoms Wei Dynasty. The name of Cao Cao's third son is Chen Wangsi. Because of his rich talents, he was favored by Cao Cao in his early years. He once wanted to be a prince, but he fell out of favor. In the 16th year of Jian 'an (2 1 1), the plain was closed, and in the 19th year of Jian 'an (2 14), it was changed to Linzi. In the second year of Huang Chu's stay in Wei Wendi (22 1), King Juan changed his name. After Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor, he was suspected and persecuted by Cao Pi, and was demoted many times and changed his fief. After Xelloss's death, Cao Rui, Xelloss's son, acceded to the throne. Cao Zhi wrote several times in the hope of being appointed, but failed to do so, and finally died of depression at the age of 4 1. Seven step poem

Cao zhi

Boil beans and burn beans,

The beans are crying in the kettle.

Originally born from the same root,

Why are you in such a hurry to blow each other up?

[Notes]

1. pot (f incarnation): ancient pot.

2. Fried: suffering, metaphorical persecution.

[Brief analysis]

According to Shi Shuo Xin Yu, Cao Zhi's brother Cao Pi wanted to persecute Cao Zhi after he proclaimed himself emperor, so he ordered Cao Zhi to write a poem in just seven steps. As a result, Cao Zhi sang this seven-step poem. The poet used the metaphor of fried beans to accuse Cao Pi of cruel persecution of himself and other brothers.

The first two sentences, "Boil beans and burn beans, and beans cry in the kettle", describe the sharp contradiction between "beans" and "beans" and the cruel persecution of beans by beans. The last two sentences are "born from the same root, why speculate with each other!" Make the finishing point and prompt the theme of the poem. The word "the same root" is a pun. On the surface, it means that "glutinous rice" and "beans" grow on the same root. Actually, they were born to the same parents as xelloss, and asked xelloss why he was so anxious about his younger brother and sister.

The metaphor of this poem is very apt, simple and vivid. Although it is still difficult to determine whether this poem itself is really written by Cao Zhi, it reflects the internal contradictions of Cao Wei's ruling group with vivid images, and it is indeed a good poem.

Seven-step poem story

Cao Pi and Cao Zhi are both sons of Cao Cao, born of Queen Bian, and are real brothers and sisters. Cao Cao once wanted to make Cao Zhian his heir, because his intelligence was higher than that of his younger brother Xelloss. After Cao Pi ascended the throne (formerly known as Wei Wendi), he still avoided Cao Zhi's ability and persecuted him. This poem came into being under such circumstances.

Beans, tofu and fermented beans are all forms of this plant, which can be said to be "born from the same root". The first sentence depicts the scene of cooking beans and using bean skin as fuel to make bean juice for us. The third and fourth sentences further reveal the relationship between them. Beans endure the suffering of tofu in the pot, and the voice of "glug" seems to be crying. This implies that my brother is persecuting and grieving for himself. The last two sentences, Zhang Xianzhi, the pawn, is not only controlling the demolition, but also resisting.

It is said that the whole poem is completed in seven steps, and the poet's emotion has also experienced a process from tenderness to generation. It is called Yin Wu, but it is actually an allegorical poem with irony. However, due to the special relationship between the poet and the object of condemnation, the poet's tone is euphemistic and deep, with reminders and exhortations in irony. On the one hand, this reflects Cao Zhi's cleverness, on the other hand, it also reflects Cao Pi's cruelty in persecuting his brothers and sisters.

Cao Zhi, a gifted scholar, is personable. This poem is emotionally progressive, using the technique of comparison and xing, from which we can also find the influence of Yuefu poetry. Some anthologies don't have two or three sentences, but this style is still obvious.

Wang Wei of Niaomingxi

When people are idle, sweet-scented osmanthus falls,

The night is quiet and the mountains are empty.

The moon is full of surprises,

In the spring stream.

Precautions:

Idle: quiet. Empty: empty.

Poetic scene:

Spring is silent, and osmanthus falls unconsciously. Silence makes the mountains in spring night more empty. When the moon came out, the bird was startled by the moonlight. The twittering voice echoed in the mountain stream from time to time.

Brief analysis:

This poem is full of the tranquility of spring. The poet felt "tranquility" strongly. Why? It is because people are idle that people are quiet. Because people are peaceful and quiet, they perceive the falling flowers of osmanthus.

Flowers fall, the moon rises and birds sing. These "moving" scenes set off the tranquility of Chunxi.

brief introduction

Wang Wei (70 1-76 1), a famous poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, was famous and successful, with a high official, originally from Qi (now Qixian, Shanxi), moved to Yongji, Shanxi, believed in Buddhism and lived in Lantian in his later years. He is good at drawing figures, bamboos and landscapes. There are two kinds of landscapes recorded by the Tang people: one is similar to Li's father and son, the other is painted by breaking ink, and the latter is his masterpiece. Unfortunately, no original works have been handed down from generation to generation. The Snow Stream Map and Jinan Mansion handed down to him are not original works. Su Shi commented that "there are paintings in poetry; Look at the picture, there are poems in the picture. " He is a representative of the pastoral poetry school in Tang Dynasty. Kaiyuan Jinshi He served as Da Lecheng and You Shiyi. When An Lushan rebelled, he was forced to assume a false post. He has made great achievements in poetry and painting. Su Dongpo praised him for "painting in poetry and poetry in painting", especially for his achievements in landscape poetry. Together with Meng Haoran, they are called "Wang Meng". In his later years, he was careless about his official career and devoted himself to being a Buddha. Later, he was called "Shi Fo".

Brief introduction to life

Wang Wei was very literary when he was a teenager. In the ninth year of Kaiyuan (72 1), he was the first scholar, and he was very happy. I joined the army in Jeju for some reason. After returning to Chang 'an. In the 22nd year of Kaiyuan, Zhang Jiuling was appointed as the secretariat. Wang Wei was demoted to the right. At that time, he wrote a poem "Dedicating the Beginning to Prosper the People", praising Zhang Jiuling's political views against planting party member for personal gain and abusing his title, which reflected his mood of demanding at that time. Twenty-four years (736), Zhang Jiuling went on strike. The following year, Jingzhou was relegated to a long history. Li's appointment as the secretariat was a turning point in Xuanzong period, and politics changed from relatively clear to increasingly dark. Wang Wei was depressed about Zhang Jiuling's demotion, but he didn't quit the officialdom. In the 25th year of Kaiyuan, he was ordered to visit Cui, our envoy from Hexi. Later, he learned from the temple history that Wang Wei's official position was gradually promoted. Before the Anshi Rebellion, on the one hand, officials were tired and worried about the officialdom at that time, on the other hand, they were attached to the stack and could not leave decisively. So when in Rome, do as the Romans do, and live a semi-official and semi-secluded life for a long time.

Farewell Xin Jian at the Lotus Pavilion

Wang Changling

Cold rain at night, Wu,

Pingming Chugu Mountain in Fujian.

If relatives and friends in Luoyang ask each other,

A piece of ice is in the jade pot.

[Notes]

1. Furong Tower: the tower of Runzhou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu). Xin Xian: The author's friend.

2. Cold Rain River: Runzhou is on the Yangtze River. It's raining cold along the Yangtze River at night. Wu: The State of Wu in the Spring and Autumn Period was in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, so it was called Wu.

Ping Ming: Good morning. Chushan: Chu was located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the Spring and Autumn Period, so it was called Chu.

hill

4. Luoyang: Today, Luoyang, Henan Province, is where Xin gradually went.

5. Bing Xin: a metaphor for the purity of the soul. Jade pot: Ice in the jade pot further symbolizes people's honesty and integrity.

[explanation]

After a night of cold rain, the poet said goodbye to his friends in the Furong Building. At this time, only the morning light reflects the distant mountains.

He said to his friends, if my distant relatives and friends ask about me, please convey my sincere wishes to them.

[Appreciation]

This poem is different from ordinary farewell poems. It tries to express deep attachment to friends, but focuses on its own innocence and lofty aspirations. At that time, Xin gradually, a friend of the poet, was about to go north to Luoyang via Yangzhou. The poet who is working in Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) personally sent him to Runzhou, sent him off in the northwest building (namely "Furong Building") and wrote this poem. "Entering Wu on a cold rainy night, seeing guests off in plain and clear, leaving Chu Mountain alone", the cold rainy night, the surging river, and even the hazy distant mountains are lonely, which sets off the poet's feelings of seeing friends off. But the focus of the poem is on the last two sentences. My friend's westward destination is Luoyang, where there are many poets' relatives and friends. The poet deeply misses his relatives and friends in Luoyang and imagines that they also deeply miss themselves. When he asks Hsin-mei, relatives and friends will say that my heart is still pure, crystal clear as ice and bright as jade. The poem uses clever metaphors to describe a pure and perfect character, showing high language skills and leaving an unforgettable impression.

[Introduction to the author]

Wang Changling (699-757) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Shao Bo was born in Zhao Jing Chang 'an (now Xi, Shaanxi). There is Wang Changling.

Looking for flowers by the river alone

Du Fu

Huang Si's maiden is full of flowers,

Thousands of flowers bent the branches.

Butterflies have been dancing,

Charming songbirds sing freely.

[Notes]

1. Walk alone: Walk or walk alone.

2. Path (xρ): Path.

3. Jiao: Cute.

4. Cha-cha: Just happened to meet. Speaking of birdsong.

5. Stay: I am reluctant to leave. This poem is used to describe butterflies flying around among flowers, reluctant to part. "Liulian" is a conjunction. The two words that make up Lian Mian's Ci only record the pronunciation of the word, which has nothing to do with the meaning. Therefore, a Lian Mian Ci may be written in several different ways, such as "lingering" and "lingering", but the meaning of the word is still the same.

[Brief analysis]

Du Fu, a poet in the first year of Shangyuan (AD 760) in Tang Suzong, lived in Chengdu, Sichuan, and built a thatched cottage beside Huanhuaxi in the western suburbs. He found a place to live for the time being and felt much more comfortable. In the spring season, he walked alone by the river to enjoy the flowers and wrote a set of seven-line quatrains, the sixth of which.

The first sentence "Huang Siniang's home is full of flowers" points out the place to find flowers. A "path" is a path. "Flowers are all over the path" means that many flowers cover the path and connect it. The second sentence is "a thousand flowers are low." "A hundred flowers blossom" describes a large number. The words "pressure" and "low" in "Pressing branches low" are used very aptly and vividly, vividly depicting the dense, large and numerous flowers in spring, which bend the branches. This sentence is the embodiment of the word "full" in the previous sentence The third sentence, "There is a butterfly dance". "Linglian" describes butterflies flying around and reluctant to leave. Write the bright fragrance of spring flowers from the side. In fact, the poet was also attracted by colorful spring flowers and stayed. The fourth sentence is "Jiao Ying chirps". "Jiao" is a description of Ying Ge's softness and roundness. "Chen Wenjing Ti" means that when the poet came to enjoy the flowers, the oriole was singing. Just because the poet was happy, he took it for granted that oriole sang for himself. This is the same as the previous sentence, saying that butterflies are attached to spring flowers, which is empathy. Because the poet successfully used this technique to integrate things with me and create a scene, this little poem is more intimate and interesting to read.

[Introduction to the author]

Du Fu (7 12-770) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Son, Gongxian (now gongyi city, Henan) people. Du lived in the prosperous period of Kaiyuan and the Anshi Rebellion, and his life was bumpy. His poems widely recorded the real life of this period, which is called "the history of poetry". Du Fu was good at all kinds of poetic styles, and his poetic styles were gloomy and frustrated, which had a great influence on later generations.

Limestone hymn

Yu Qian

It can only be extracted from the deep mountains after being struck by thousands of hammers. It regards the burning of the burning fire as a very common thing.

Even if it is smashed to pieces, I am not afraid, and I am willing to leave a clean one in the world.

Precautions:

Yin: a genre of ancient poetry.

Out of the mountain: it means that lime is mined from the mountains.

If you are free: This seems very common. If: it seems to be.

Innocence: The color of lime is pure white. Refers to noble moral integrity.

Translation 1:

After thousands of hammers, it was mined from the deep mountains.

Take the burning of blazing fire as a very common thing.

As long as you can keep a innocence in the world forever.

Even if it is crushed, it is fearless

Translation 2:

Limestone is mined from the deep mountains through hard work.

It seems normal to treat the burning of fire.

I'm not afraid of the consequences of being smashed to pieces.

As long as you can leave your innocence in this world.

Yu Qian (1398 May13—1457 February 16), Han nationality. The word Tingyi, a native of Qiantang, Zhejiang, was a famous minister of the Ming Dynasty and a national hero. At the age of seven, a monk was surprised by his appearance and said, "This is the prime minister who will save the world in the future." In the 19th year of Yongle, Yu Qian was admitted to the Jinshi Examination.

Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, was a great poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty and was known as the "poet saint". Originally from Xiangyang, Hubei Province, Gong County, Henan Province. Du Zhisun, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty. Tang Suzong, Official Left Addendum. After he entered Shu, he was recommended by his friends as a staff officer of Ren Jiannan Drug Rehabilitation Center, and Yuan Wailang was appointed as the school's engineering department. Therefore, later generations also called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu.

Content:

The news of this distant western station! The north has been recovered! At first, I couldn't stop crying on my coat.

Where are my wife and son? There is not a trace of sadness on their faces. However, I packed my books and poems crazily.

On a green spring day, I began to go home, singing my songs loudly and drinking my wine.

Come back from this mountain, pass another mountain, go up from the south and then go north-to my own town! .

Precautions:

1. Henan and Hebei: the rebel base during the Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty. In 763 AD, it was recovered by loyal ministers.

2. Outside the sword gate: outside the sword gate, this refers to Sichuan. Du Fu lived in Sichuan at that time.

3. Northern Hebei: Today, the northern part of Hebei Province is the base camp of the rebels.

4. Roll: Roll up at will.

5. daytime: daytime.

6. Youth: the scenery in spring.

7. Under the dam: in the upper reaches of Jialing River (one of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River).

8. Xiangyang: This belongs to Hubei.

9. Wife: wife and children.

10. Luoyang: This belongs to Henan.

1 1. But look: look back.

12. Indulge in wine: drink as much as you want.

13. Accompanying: It means that you can accompany me in spring.

14. Wuxia: One of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, at the junction of Sichuan and Hubei.

15. That is, immediately.

16. ecstasy: I am ecstatic.

17. Tears: Tears

Today's translation:

Sichuan, south of Jianmenguan, suddenly heard the news of recovering northern Hebei. When I first heard the news, I was surprised to exchange tears and wet my clothes. Looking back at his wife and children, I don't know where my usual worries have gone; I rolled up my collection of poems at random, and I was almost crazy with joy. During the day, I will sing loudly and indulge myself; The beautiful spring scenery just accompanied me back to my hometown. We'll set off at once, take a boat from the dam, cross the Wuxia, go downstream to Xiangyang, Hubei, and then go north from Xiangyang to Luoyang.

comment

The Anshi Rebellion brought great disasters to the country and people, and Du Fu had long hoped that the Anshi Rebellion could be settled as soon as possible.

When the day finally came, he was so excited that he cried with joy. The first four sentences are from "sudden biography" to "early biography"

Smell ",then" look "and" roll ",several continuous actions describe the mood of surprise vividly. After ...

Try to describe the excitement of "ecstasy" through imagination: he not only wants to sing and drink, but also hates it

I want to return to my hometown immediately in a beautiful spring, which can be seen from the four place names he listed in one breath.

Has flown away along this route!

Appreciate:

This poem was written in the spring of the first year of Guangde, Tang Daizong. The author is 52 years old. In the winter of the first year of Baoying (762), Tang Jun won a great victory in Hengshui near Luoyang, and recovered Luoyang, Zheng (now Zhengzhou, Henan) and Bian (now Kaifeng, Henan). The rebel leaders Xue Song and Zhang Zhongzhi surrendered one after another. In the second year, that is, in the first month of the first year of Guangde, Shi Siming's son Shi Chaoyi was defeated and hanged himself, and his troops surrendered to Tian and Li Huaixian one after another. Du Fu, who lives in Zizhou (now Santai, Sichuan), heard the news and wrote this masterpiece with passionate pen and ink.

In this poem, Du Fu notes: "I am in Tokyo". The theme of the poem is to express the joy of suddenly hearing that the rebellion has been put down and rushing back to my hometown. "The news of this distant western station! The north has been taken back! " The rapid rise just shows the suddenness of good news. "Outside the sword" is the location of the poet, and "North Hebei" is the home of the Anshi Rebellion, in the northeast of Hebei Province today. The poet has been wandering outside the sword for many years, trying to prepare his taste, but he can't return to his hometown, because the "Jibei" has not been collected and the Anshi rebellion has not been settled. Now, "suddenly spread the thistle to the north",

It's like a sudden spring thunder, a sudden flash of mountain torrents, and a sudden torrent of surprises in generate, which suddenly opened the floodgates of pent-up emotions, bursting out and surging. "At first, I couldn't stop tears from flowing down my coat" was the first wave of this emotional torrent of surprise.

"First smell" followed by "sudden biography". "Sudden transmission" shows that the good news came too suddenly, while "tears full of clothes" is vivid, showing the emotional waves aroused by the sudden good news at the moment of "first hearing", which is a realistic performance of mixed happiness and sorrow. "Jibei" has been collected, the war will be over, and the scars of Gan Kun and the suffering of Li Yuan will be cured. I was personally displaced and hated other hard times, and finally got through it. How can I not be happy! However, after drawing a lesson from a painful experience, I can't help but feel sad and can't help it. However, this catastrophe finally passed like a nightmare. I can go back to my hometown and people will start a new life. So I turn grief into joy again, in heaven. The psychological changes and complex feelings of the First News at that time, if written in prose, need a lot of pen and ink, and the poet only uses the word "tears full of skirts" to describe the image, which is enough to sum up all this.

The second couplet turned to inheritance and settled in "ecstasy", which is a higher flood peak of the emotional torrent of surprise. "Looking at the wife" and "reading poetry" are two continuous actions, which have a certain causal relationship. When I am sad and happy, I naturally think of my wife and children who have suffered together for many years. "Looking at it" means "looking back". The action of "looking back" is very meaningful. The poet seems to want to say something to his family, but he doesn't know where to start. Actually, there is no need to say anything. I don't know where the haze that has enveloped the whole family for many years has gone. My relatives are no longer sad, but smiling. The joy of relatives in turn increases their own joy. They no longer have no intention of bending over their desks, so they roll up their poetry books and share the joy of victory.

"Singing in Baishi requires drinking, and let me go home in green spring" is a couplet to further express "ecstasy". "Whitehead" points out that people reach old age. Old people rarely "sing" and should not "indulge in wine"; Nowadays, we should not only "sing" but also "indulge in wine", which is a concrete manifestation of "ecstasy". This sentence was written in a "crazy" state, and the next sentence was written in a "crazy" thinking. "Youth" refers to spring. Spring has arrived, and it is time to "go home" with his wife and children among flowers, birds, fish and insects. Thought of here, how can you not be "ecstatic"!

The fantasy of writing "Let me go home on that green spring day" on the tail couplet is flying. I am in Zizhou, but my heart has returned to my hometown in a flash. The emotional flood of surprise rolled up after the flood peak, and the whole poem ended. This couplet contains four place names. "Baxia", "Wuxia", "Xiangyang" and "Luoyang" are all dual (in-sentence pairs), which form a neat pair of place names; And the combination of "slave" and "slave" is a pair of flowing fresh water. Coupled with the dynamics of "wear" and "direction" and the repetition of two "gorge" and two "yang", the style and tone of writing are as fast as lightning, which accurately shows the flying imagination. Imagine the distance between the four places, namely, Basha, Wuxia, Xiangyang and Luoyang. "As soon as the words" from ","wear ","get off "and" Xiang "appear," come back from this mountain, climb another mountain, come up from the south, and then go north-to my own town! " Appear, blink one by one. What needs to be pointed out here is that the poet not only expresses imagination, but also depicts reality. From "under the dam" to "Wu gorge", the gorge is dangerous and narrow, and the boat is like a shuttle, so it is used to wear; When I left Wuxia to Xiangyang, I drove downstream quickly, so I used "Xia"; From "Xiangyang" to "Luoyang", the land was changed, so the word "Xiang" was used with high accuracy.

This poem, except the first narrative topic, all other sentences are expressions of surprise after suddenly hearing the news of victory. Wan Hu spring, gushing from the chest, rushed down. Qiu quoted in Detailed Notes on Du Shaoling Collection: "This poem is full of joy and joy, and it is full of twists and turns without makeup. The simpler, the more real. Others must never be enlightened. " Poetics in later generations spoke highly of this poem, praising it as "the first quick poem in Lao Du's life".

Attachment: This poem was called Du Fu's "fastest poem in his life" by later generations.