How to build a henhouse for free-range chickens? How to prevent animal invasion

The selection of equipment should proceed from reality, which directly affects the quality of management and the level of economic benefits.

(1) heating equipment

As long as you can achieve the purpose of heating and insulation, you can choose electric heating, water heating, coal stove or even fire kang, ground kang and other heating methods, but pay attention to the dirty coal stove heating, prone to gas poisoning, and be sure to add chimneys.

Attention should be paid to thermal insulation when designing houses.

(2) Ventilation equipment

Mechanical ventilation must be used in closed henhouses, which can be divided into transverse ventilation and longitudinal ventilation according to the direction of airflow in henhouses. Transverse ventilation means that the direction of airflow in the house is perpendicular to the long axis of the henhouse, while longitudinal ventilation means that a large number of fans are concentrated in one place to make the airflow in the house parallel to the long axis of the henhouse. The research practice in recent years has proved that the longitudinal ventilation has a good effect, which can eliminate and overcome the phenomenon that the ventilation dead angle and wind speed in the shed are small and uneven during the transverse ventilation, and at the same time eliminate the disadvantages of cross-infection between chicken houses caused by the transverse ventilation.

(3) Water supply equipment

From the point of view of saving water and preventing bacterial pollution, nipple water dispenser is the most ideal water supply equipment, so we must choose high-quality watertight water dispenser. At present, the most commonly used V-shaped sink for cage chickens and laying hens is often supplied with tap water, but it takes energy to scrub the sink every day. The hanging tower automatic water dispenser can be used when raising chickens horizontally, which is sanitary and water-saving.

(4) Feeding equipment

Feed trough is the main one, and cage chickens all use long trough. This feeding method can also be used when raising chickens horizontally or in barrels. The shape of the trough has a great influence on the distribution of chicken feed. The trough is too shallow and there is no guard plate, which will cause more feed waste.

(5) egg collection equipment

The chicken farm with high mechanization adopts conveyor belt to collect eggs automatically, which has high efficiency but high breakage rate. At present, most chicken farmers collect eggs by hand.

(6) dung cleaning equipment

Generally, chicken farms are cleaned manually at regular intervals, and larger chicken farms can be cleaned mechanically.

(7) Cage

You can use a mesh plate or a three-dimensional multi-layer brooder for brooding; In addition to flat online feeding, adult chickens are often kept in overlapping or stepped cages, and farmers often transfer them to human egg cages when they are 60-70 days old. Laying hens are basically kept in cages. At present, there are many domestic manufacturers of chicken cages, which can be purchased according to the actual situation.

The cage area of chickens must be guaranteed.

(8) Lighting equipment

Ordinary light bulbs are widely used in lighting in China, and the development trend is to use energy-saving lamps. Many chicken farms install automatic timing control switches instead of manual switches to ensure accurate and reliable lighting time.

(9) Others

Disinfection equipment: agricultural sprayer, air pump, etc.

Immunization and treatment equipment: continuous syringe, seed puncture needle, etc.

Beak breaking equipment: electric beak breaker, electric soldering iron, etc.

Weighing equipment: spring scale, pole scale, electronic scale, etc.

Chicken coop mode recommendation: It is recommended to combine two modes for small-scale farming in rural areas: three and a half floors, two and a half groups by the window, a whole group in the middle, front and rear windows, skylights and ground windows, rat-proof and bird-proof nets, and an exhaust fan installed on a gable. Natural ventilation is used when the climate is mild, and longitudinal ventilation is used when it is particularly hot or cold. Mechanical cleaning of dung ditch, nipple drinking device, artificial feeding, artificial egg picking, artificial lighting and natural light photography are combined.

Special note: once saved, there will be a daily charge. Large-scale feeding should be closed, mechanical feeding and automatic temperature control.

The profit of raising chickens is still limited, and we should be cautious in expanding the scale.

In the first half of this year, affected by bird flu and high-priced feed, the number of eggs and broilers in our province dropped sharply, and the main poultry producing areas fell by 30%. In the past month, with the implementation of the government's policy of supporting poultry industry and the resumption of cooked food imports in Japan and other countries, domestic pork prices have hit record highs continuously, chicken products are in relative shortage, the consumer market of chicken products has become increasingly active, and prices have rebounded rapidly. Chicken companies and chicken farmers all over the country have made up for their positions, preparing for a big fight next year.

The author believes that farmers should be cautious, recognize the situation clearly and not be blindly optimistic. First, the existing chicken production capacity in society is sufficient, and chicken houses and equipment are complete. As long as the market of chicken and its products starts or recovers, the stock of chicken will increase, and the supply of chicken products will gradually be sufficient or even relatively saturated. Judging from the current consumption level in China, the market of chicken products is still relatively limited; Second, because the chicken industry does not have a perfect veterinary biosafety system and extensive management of farmers, the risk of major diseases is still high; Third, feed prices are still at a high level. According to the analysis of relevant domestic departments and people, the price of corn will not drop sharply during the year, and the price of soybean meal is uncertain, so the feed price, which accounts for about 80% of the cost of raising chickens, may remain high, resulting in higher production costs of chickens and their products, and the profit of raising chickens is not optimistic; Fourthly, the price of pork, the main animal food in China, has been running at a high level for two years, and it is not clear how long it will last. Historically, the decline in pork prices usually leads to the decline in the price of chicken products. Therefore, the majority of farmers should carefully analyze the current situation of chicken industry with a scientific development concept, do not blindly follow the trend, rush headlong into the herd, and develop chicken production steadily and healthily to avoid unnecessary economic losses caused by ups and downs in production. The methods suitable for raising a large number of chickens are mainly plastic greenhouse chickens, cage chickens and pheasants.

Raising chickens in plastic greenhouses:

This is a chicken raising method with less investment, quick effect and high income, which is worth popularizing and applying in chicken farmers who have just started to raise chickens and have poor economic conditions.

Advantages of raising chickens in plastic greenhouses

Convenient materials: the main materials of plastic shed chicken house are ordinary agricultural film, bamboo and straw curtain, which are easy to obtain except film. Can be built on demand, does not compete with agriculture for land, can combine agriculture and animal husbandry, raise chickens and fertilize fields, reduce environmental pollution, and is also convenient for thoroughly disinfecting sheds and eliminating germs.

Low cost: generally, the construction of henhouses needs to be put into 30 yuan according to the calculation of each chicken. This method only needs 4 yuan, and it is simple to build, saving time and effort. Can also make full use of other original idle greenhouses to raise chickens, which is convenient to manage and can improve the survival rate. The average brooding rate and feeding rate are above 98% and 96% respectively. 1 Only three batches of chickens are needed in the greenhouse to recover the investment.

Sufficient illumination: Due to the translucent plastic greenhouse, large area and long natural illumination time, it is beneficial to improve the survival rate, accelerate growth and reduce feed consumption.

Good heat preservation: this advantage is particularly prominent in winter, which can improve the laying rate of hens and the weight gain speed of broilers.

Cage chicken:

This way of raising chickens has the advantages of high feeding density, easy manual control of feeding conditions, stable laying rate of laying hens, high broiler yield, fast weight gain, relatively less materials, space saving and padding saving. It is also very popular with producers.

Raising chickens in the mountains:

It is to use natural green feed and animal feed such as insects to raise domestic chickens in grassy hills, orchards, woodlands and wasteland. It has the characteristics of good isolation conditions, few diseases, high survival rate and low investment. It not only reduces the feeding cost, but also increases the playfulness. The raised chicken has unique flavor, good quality, no fishy smell and delicious taste, which is quite popular with consumers, so it has good price and high efficiency, and is a good way to get rich.

The following focuses on the main techniques of raising chickens:

Variety selection

The characteristic of raising chickens in mountainous areas is grazing, so it is advisable to choose native chickens or local miscellaneous chickens that are suitable for grazing and have strong disease resistance, such as Taoyuan Chicken, Xianju Chicken, Gushi Chicken, Xiaoshan Chicken, Zhuanghe Chicken, Sanhuang Chicken, Xinghua Chicken, Yangshan Chicken, Ma Qing Chicken, Sanhuang Bearded Chicken, Zhongshan Salan Chicken, Xinyi Hu Aixiang Chicken and Guangxi Chicken. They are resistant to roughage and have strong disease resistance. Although the growth rate is slow and the feed reward is low, the meat is delicious, the price is high and the profit is big, so they should be the first choice for mountain farming.

Shed building

Site selection Whether the location of chicken raising in mountainous areas is appropriate or not is related to health and epidemic prevention, chicken growth and breeder's work efficiency, and to the success or failure and benefit of chicken raising. The site selection should follow the following principles: (1) It is not only conducive to epidemic prevention, but also convenient for traffic. (2) The site should be located at a high altitude, dry and well-drained place. (3) There should be sunshade equipment in the field to prevent heatstroke, exposure or catching a cold in the rain. (4) The site should be provided with water and electricity, and closed to prevent it from getting lost and bringing in germs. The grassy slope sheltered from the wind and facing the sun has a relatively flat terrain and no accumulated water. It is best to have a tree in the middle to let the chickens enjoy the cool in the shade.

Scaffolding method. The design requirements of the henhouse are: ventilated, dry, warm in winter and cool in summer, and the seats should be north-south. Generally, the shed is 4-5m wide, 7-9m long, with a middle height of1.7-1.8m and a side height of 0.8-0.9m.. Usually, three layers of linoleum, straw and film are covered from the inside out to prevent water and keep warm. The two sides and one end of the shed roof are pressed with sand and gravel, and an entrance is opened at the other end, which is convenient for breeders and chickens to enter and leave. The main support of the shed is fixed in four directions with iron wires to prevent the shed from being overturned by the storm.

Cleaning and disinfection of shed. After each batch of chickens is released, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the henhouse, replace the ground topsoil and clean the tools. Spray and soak the floor and utensils in the shed with 3%-5% Lysol aqueous solution, and then fumigate and disinfect, with 25 ml of formalin and 0/2.5 g of potassium permanganate/kloc-per cubic meter of space. Grass hills and slopes where chickens have been raised should also be sprinkled with 1 layer of slaked lime first, and then sprayed for disinfection. It is best to build a new pollution-free grass hill and slope shed.

Lay a straw mat. Need some padding to keep warm. The padding requires fresh, pollution-free, soft and dry sawdust, small shavings, straw and chaff with strong water absorption, which can be mixed and used. Before use, the padding should be exposed to the sun, and the moldy padding grass should be picked out. The thickness should be 3-5 cm.

Feed selection

Generally speaking, the growth rate of high-quality native chickens is slow, and the requirements for feed nutrition level are relatively low, but we can't just feed a single feed, so as not to cause nutritional deficiency, affect growth and development, and reduce survival rate. You should choose high-quality chicken series full-price granular materials or compound feed. In addition, some miscellaneous grains such as pumpkin, sweet potato and cassava planted in mountainous areas can also be used to replace some mixtures.

Chick feeding management

The growth and development of chicks are characterized by poor thermoregulation, rapid growth, imperfect digestive function, poor disease resistance, strong sensitivity, gregarious and timid. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the following points in feeding management:

Drink water and open food. After the chicks enter the brooding room, they can rest for half an hour to 1 hour, and then they can feed water. Generally speaking, water is fed before feeding. The water temperature is about 32℃, and cold water is not allowed. Drinking diluted potassium permanganate solution two days ago is beneficial to anti-inflammation, sterilization and prevention of pullorum disease in chicks. After drinking water, chicks can quickly excrete meconium and stimulate their appetite. You can usually start eating after drinking. Sprinkle the open feed on the light-colored plastic cloth laid on the padding to let the chicks eat freely. Chickens have poor digestive ability and must be fed with digestible and nutritious feed. After hatching for 2 days, the chicks have a strong appetite. Regular quantitative feeding, generally 80% full is appropriate. Overfullness can cause indigestion; When it is insufficient, it will affect the growth and development of chicks and even cause pecking addiction. The feeding amount is 15-20 minutes each time.

Ambient temperature and humidity. The key to brooding is to give the chicks the right temperature. Take the temperature under the incubator as an example: 1-2 days old 34-35℃; 3-7 days old is 32-34℃; 30-28℃ in the second week; The third week is 28-26℃. The incubation period decreases by 2℃ every week in winter and spring, and by 3℃ every week in summer and autumn until it reaches 265438 0℃. The relative humidity of chicks is 70%-75% in 1 week, and it drops to 60% in the second week, and keeps at 55%-60% after the third week. Excessive humidity is beneficial to the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms and easy to induce coccidiosis. Too low dry humidity will accelerate the breathing of chicks, and the water in the body will be distributed in large quantities with breathing, and the remaining yolk in the abdomen will be poorly absorbed, which will affect the development of chicks.

Pay attention to grouping and strengthen inspection. Strong and weak chickens and sick chickens should be raised in groups. It is best to check the weak chicks at 1 feeding place in the morning, because the weak chicks are easy to be squeezed out. Chickens with serious diseases should be eliminated immediately. It has three meanings to patrol the chickens frequently: first, to understand the palatability and feeding amount of feed through observation; Second, diseases can be found and diagnosed from the diet, activities and feces of chicks in time; The third is to find accidents in time, deal with them in time and reduce losses.

Feeding management of growing chickens

In the growing period, the growth rate of chickens is fast, the appetite is strong and the feed intake is increased. The purpose of feeding is to fully develop chickens and lay the foundation for later fattening. The feeding method is a combination of grazing and supplementary feeding. Generally speaking, we should pay attention to the following two points:

Male hens are kept in groups. Generally, rooster feathers grow slowly and have strong fighting capacity, so the utilization rate of protein and lysine is high and the feed efficiency is high. Because of the difference of endocrine hormones, hens gain weight slowly and feed efficiency is poor. Feeding male and female separately is beneficial to improve the uniformity. During the growing period, feed should be supplemented regularly, and the feed should be put into the trough or directly sprinkled on the ground, once every morning and evening/kloc-0, until full.

Insecticide is generally used for 1 insect repellent after grazing for 20-30 days, and the second insect repellent is used every 20-30 days. Mainly to drive away parasites in the body, such as roundworms and tapeworms. Fenazolin, levamisole or prothiabendazole can be used. 1 deworming, each chicken is treated with half a piece of Quchongling. Give each chicken 1 tablet Quxuanling for the second time. It can be directly taken orally or ground into powder at night, and then mixed with feed for feeding. Be sure to mix the medicine and feed carefully, otherwise it is easy to produce drug poisoning. Check the chicken manure the next morning to see if there are any bugs discharged. And clean up chicken manure to prevent chickens from pecking insects. If adults are found in chicken manure, the same dosage can be used to repel insects 1 time the next night.

Feeding management of fattening chickens

That is, the period from 10 week to listing. The main points of feeding in this period are to promote the deposition of fat in chickens, increase the fatness of broilers, improve the luster of meat and feathers, and realize timely listing. Feeding management should pay attention to the following three points: first, with the growth of broiler age, the main tissues growing in the body are very different from those of middle-aged chickens. Moderate fat deposition in broilers can improve the quality of chicken and the aesthetic appearance of carcass. During this period, the metabolic energy of diet should be generally improved, and the content of protein should be relatively reduced. In the fattening period, the energy of broilers should generally reach 12.54 MJ/kg, and the crude protein should be around 15%. In order to reach this level, it is often necessary to increase animal fat. Second, grazing fattening is adopted during the fattening period. On the one hand, chickens can eat natural insects, leaves and weeds, saving feed; On the other hand, it can improve the meat taste of chickens and make the appearance and meat quality of listed chickens better. During the fattening period, the activities and range of exercise of chickens should be reduced to facilitate fattening. Third, do a good job in epidemic prevention, attach importance to pest control and rodent control, and clean and disinfect. To prevent diseases.

disease control

There are many reasons for chicken diseases, including physical factors, such as improper feed mix, too high and too low temperature, stress, trauma, etc. Chemical factors, such as drug overdose, eating pesticides by mistake, inhaling harmful gases; Biological factors, mainly the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, we should pay special attention to the following points in disease prevention and control:

Firmly establish the concept that prevention is more important than cure. This is the basic policy of disease prevention and control, but among farmers, many people pay more attention to treatment than prevention, resulting in high morbidity, high mortality, high cost and low benefit of chickens.

Establish the viewpoint of using epidemic (bacterial) vaccine to prevent and treat diseases. This is the most important, effective and economical measure to prevent and treat diseases. Most major infectious diseases can be prevented by vaccination, and the success of vaccination depends on the maternal antibody and vaccinator of chickens. ? Therefore, different chicken farms have different immunization procedures.

Establish the viewpoint of comprehensive prevention and control. In other words, all aspects from farm construction, seedling raising to feeding management should be considered from the perspective of being conducive to epidemic prevention. This is the general requirement of epidemic prevention rules, and it is also the basic requirement for the chicken industry to move towards industrialization and intensification.

I wonder if I am satisfied with this introduction. There are many books on chicken raising technology. If you really want to raise chickens and get rich, you should not only read relevant books, but also practice.

Finally, I wish you success!

Nine secrets of raising chickens?

(1) The secret of saving materials in raising chickens. Egg yolk and protein are formed in the daytime, while eggshells are formed in the afternoon and evening. Feeding layers twice a day, with high protein, high energy and low calcium in the morning and low protein, low energy and high calcium in the evening, can not only adjust the laying period, increase the egg production, but also save feed.

(2) the best feeding secret. Chickens have two feeding peaks a day, one is 2-3 hours after sunrise, and the feed intake in the morning is 1/3. At this time, the egg laying rate can be greatly improved by feeding. It can be seen that feeding laying hens twice at 9: 00 am and 3: 00 pm is the best.

(3) The secret of keeping chicken high yield. For example, the weight of chickens has not increased normally. Even though the current egg production and feed reward are high, the egg production has a potential downward trend. Before the egg production decreases, the weight problem can be corrected by increasing the consumption. If the feed consumption is obviously at a high level, it can only show that the feed consumption is high or at least the feed reward is low. If the feed is obviously at a low level, the chickens will grow normally and maintain a high egg production, they can maintain it and make a lot of money.

(4) The secret of increasing eggs in summer. In summer, the feed intake of chickens decreases, and the laying of eggs decreases or even stops. In order to restore normal egg laying, in addition to heatstroke prevention and cooling, chicken feathers are also an effective method, that is, feathers on the breast, legs, left and right wings of chicken are cut off, and feathers on the neck, back and tail are reserved. The length of shearing is based on the principle of no damage to chicken skin and no liquid flow in coarse wool pipe section. Cut less in early summer and cut more in midsummer.

(5) The secret of egg coloring. Adding 0.3% red pepper powder, 6% sun-dried chopped alfalfa leaves or 5% pine needle powder to the diet can deepen the color of egg yolk.

(6) the secret of storing eggs. When storing the eggs, the tips of the eggs should face upwards, so that the yolk can be located in the center of the eggs, preventing embryo adhesion and improving the hatching rate of the eggs.

(7) The secret of hatching hens. The egg is short oval, with a large head, a small head, an inverted triangle and a delicate surface. Most hatched chicks are hens. Eggs are rectangular, head and tail are difficult to separate, and the surface is rough. Most hatched chicks are roosters.

(8) Distinguish the secrets of male and female chickens. When the chicken's wings are pulled apart, if the feathers of the wings are long or short (that is, the feathers are alternating in length), it is a hen, and if all the feathers are basically the same in length, it is a rooster, with an accuracy rate of over 90%.

(9) The secret of preventing chicken plague. When the chicks reach the age of 10- 14 days, the chicken plague in the virus strain vaccine is dripped into the nose, and 0.3 ml of inactivated chicken plague vaccine (available in all veterinary stations) is injected into the muscle at the same time. The protection rate can reach 100% by intramuscular injection of 70-day-old strain I vaccine, then 120-day-old strain I vaccine and 1 ml inactivated vaccine.