Introduction to Chongwenmen

The capital of the Yuan Dynasty was rammed with earth (called "Banlou" in ancient times), which stood tall with a wide bottom and a narrow top. It was founded in 1267 (four years from Yuan Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty) and completed in 1276 (thirteen years from Yuan Dynasty) for ten years. Because it is tamped with soil, the problem of how to prevent rain from washing away urban soil arises. Later, thousands of households Wang Qingrui (official name) suggested that "weaving with reeds should be from bottom to top". Covered with reed curtain from bottom to top, just like people wearing hemp fiber, it is called Acropolis or Kuncheng for short, and a shady field is set outside the gate of civilization. "Analysis of Golden Branches" states that "reeds should be harvested to harvest the city" every year, which amounts to "millions" (burden). Today, the top ten headlines about grass species in Chongwen District, the names of the South, North and Middle Reed Grass Gardens (formerly known as Reed Gardens) are all related to the reed harvesting field in Yuan Dynasty. Later, due to the battle for the throne in the Yuan Dynasty, the guarding city side was afraid that the other side would attack the city with fire, so it removed the reed curtain.

Open the door of 1 1

Why the Yuan Dynasty opened eleven gates, two in the south, three in the north and three in the east, is not recorded in the official history. The "Flowers in Farmland" written at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty (the author is unknown) said that "Yancheng was customized for Liu Taibao, and all eleven doors were made as Nezha City, with three heads, six arms and two feet". Later, Zhang Yu also wrote: "Most of them are surrounded by eleven gates, and the grass and soil build Nezha City." Like this, the Eleven Doors are the symbol of Nezha's legendary image. Three gates into the city are "three heads", two gates in the north city are "two feet" and three gates in the east and west are "six arms". "The narrowest eleven doors, horses and chariots like clouds" (Qing Naixian's "Golden Platform Collection"), it can be seen that most of them are very lively. As for the "Liu Taibao" who designed most of them into eleven doors, it was Liu. He used to be a monk, and his name was Cong Cong. After becoming an official, he changed his name to Liu. The supreme ruler of the Yuan Dynasty believed in Buddhism. Liu Jing was introduced by a monk named Haiyun and met Kublai Khan, who had not succeeded to the throne at that time. Liu followed Kublai Khan to attack Yunnan and the Southern Song Dynasty, and was highly valued by Kublai Khan. After Kublai Khan ascended the throne, he was named Liu Wei Pacific Insurance and participated in state affairs. Although Liu is a Buddhist, he has carefully studied Taoism, and relished Tai Chi, Two Instruments, Four Elephants, Eight Diagrams and Shao Yong's "The Book of the World" in Song Dynasty. He was one of the main leaders in the construction of Dadoucheng, especially in planning and design. Therefore, in order to cater to the arrogance and superstition of the supreme ruler of the Yuan Dynasty and to show his theory and ambition, it is entirely possible for him to promote unfounded "Shinto" from the design of the number of city gates. Liu was buried in Lugouqiao after his death.

Wenmingmen

The civilized gate of the Yuan Dynasty was also called Hadamen. Textual research on "Old News in the Sun" quoted the saying of the Western Jin Dynasty: "Hada House is in the gate, hence the name." Who is King Hada? There is no way to prove it. Hada was misinformed as Hada and Hade, and there were Hada brand cigarettes before liberation. In the Yuan Dynasty, Hadamen's name had surpassed Wenmingmen's. When writing, some intellectuals think that Hada and Hada are not elegant enough. On the one hand, they use their own homophones, on the other hand, they use the geographical location of Wenmingmen at the eastern end of Cheng Nan to write "Haidaimen". "Chang 'an Hakka Dialect" written by Amin Jiang Yikui says: "Mount Tai and Bohai Sea are all in the east of the city. In the Yuan Dynasty, it was shot by the famous "Haidai" family. "The sea, namely the Bohai Sea and the East China Sea; Dai, that is, Daizong, Daizong is Taishan. Du Fu, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, once wrote: "Mount Tai is the top! Endless green spans Qilu and Qilu. "In Wang Yue. These two places are in the east, which makes sense. When I arrived in Qingganlong, Yang Congqing added another sentence to "Overview of the Situation in Beijing": (Chongwenmen) "Also known as Haidai, it is said that mountains and seas are all tributes, and the tax department is not there. "This is just from Xuan Shi's" Old Beijing Legacy "in the Ming Dynasty." The nine divisions in the capital are all taxed, and Yu Chongwen is unified by one division. " Since Chongwenmen has a State Administration of Taxation, it is extremely far-fetched to interpret "Haidai" as "all over the mountains and plains". However, no matter how to interpret the word "Haidai", scholars in Ming and Qing Dynasties and even the supreme rulers often use "Haidai" instead of "civilization" and "respect for literature". For example, Zhuo Mingqing, a poet of the Ming Dynasty, said in his poem "Climbing Chongwen Building": "On the first night of the city, the eyes were clear, Haidai Ming opened his eyes, purple gas sat in the air, and Wan Li came on stage in autumn. "How magnificent it is to climb the Wan Li's Shanghai Daimen, which is crisp in autumn and purple in the east! The History of Bai Hua Tang written by the Qing people: "Haide looks up at the door, and the dust is bitter. "Set out with your own" body foundation "and sing praises for the towering sea wounded door. So from the Yuan Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, Chongwenmen area was inhabited by many dignitaries. For example, in Brief Introduction to Chen Yuan, Wang Yan, an imperial envoy of the Yuan Dynasty, built a villa in the southeast of Wenmingmen, and even a "Shui Mu Tsinghua Pavilion", which was particularly prominent. At that time, Youren Xu wrote a cloud: "When you climb this pavilion, you will see five clouds in the north (the city gate); Look at the west fern (referring to the ships on the Tonghui River), which is generally between the vast smoke waves and the uneven clouds and trees. "It can be seen that the grand occasion near Wenmingmen at that time. After his death, he was named "Zheng Wen" by Yongzheng Jinshi, Tengge University, and Taibao Prince Liu Tongxun posthumous title (according to posthumous title in Qing Dynasty, "Zheng Wen" was the hardest and least). Yongzheng gave him the imperial poem "Hai Dai Gao Men", which means that Liu is a famous family living in Hai Dai Men. " "Water Plants Clear Shu Lu" also records that the famous calligrapher Zhang Zhao also lives outside Chongwenmen. The exhibition is grand and profound, and there is a Nanmu Pavilion, which is very particular. However, Chongwenmen in Qing Dynasty is no longer the southern city site of Yuan Dynasty and the southernmost capital of early Ming Dynasty, but has become a more lively inner city.

The thing is this: Judy, the king of the Ming Dynasty, was originally sealed in Beijing. After seizing the throne of his nephew Wen Jian, he decided to move the capital from Nanjing to Beijing. So from 1406 (the fourth year of Yongle), on the basis of the Yuan capital, Beijing was rebuilt. Completed in 1420 (18th year of Yongle). After the reconstruction of Beijing City, the ruins of Chengnan City in Yuan Dynasty were first moved to the south by 0.8 km. At first, the city site of Cheng Nan was located in the northern section of Tiananmen Square today, and it became what it is today after moving south. At the same time, the northern city was demolished, and the eastern and western cities were also demolished, and the northern city was built. Outside Andingmen, near Jimen Bridge, there are also relics of Tucheng in Yuan Dynasty. Second, turn a earthen city into a brick city. Although the Tucheng in the Yuan Dynasty was covered with "hemp fiber", the reed curtain could not stop the rain, so some "city collapses" often occurred in the Yuan Dynasty, only eight times in the twenty or thirty years of Kublai Khan's era. Every repair costs people and money, and it doesn't cost a penny. The brick city rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty is also slightly trapezoidal, with a wide bottom and a narrow top. Between each row of bricks, there is an upward dimple, which is convenient for rainwater to flow down. Third, in the Yuan Dynasty, the eleven gates were changed to nine gates, while the three gates in Nancheng remained unchanged, only the name of the city gate was changed, such as Wenming Gate to Chongwen Gate, until today. After the Qing dynasty entered the customs, it followed the Ming system in urban construction. In order to adjust the income of Manchu officials in Beijing, it "taxed nine capitals and unified the first division of Yu Chongwen" (see Ming Xuan Shi's Legacy of Old Beijing). At first, the customs tariff stipulated that luggage was not taxed. "However, foreigners often have something to pay taxes, such as silk and satin." So "private money is considered as tax-free capital" and even "even if there are no goods, it should be levied." Customs officials "patrol again, that is, tax evasion, double punishment" (see Tian Zhiou's news for all the above). Chen Kangqi's "Reading Classics" in Qing Dynasty said: "Wu Zhongcheng was deeply impressed by Shandong's political envoys. Customs officials (referring to Chongwenmen Tax Bureau) demand too much, but the people can't reach it. But they put their clothes and quilts outside and went forward with a servant, saying,' I have ears, why should I pay taxes!' I borrowed a mattress from an old friend when I went in, and then I left. "Tax, formalities, cross-examination prepared, delay the time. Generally, small vendors have to line up. Over time, the peddler came up with a way; According to the amount of their goods, put the tax on the brim and go to the pass, and the customs officers will release it immediately after receiving the money. In the Qing Dynasty, Cha Sitang once wrote a poem: "Nine lessons and one specialty, clues are connected with cars. My wife pays her own money, pays her own taxes and steals twice as much money from the temple. "Money to the customs officials. Chongwenmen Taxation Bureau made a lot of money. In order to prevent other officials from being jealous, it is held every March in the name of "offering fresh food". Sending yellow croaker to emperors and ministers, winter bamboo shoots and October whitebait became disguised trophies. At that time, it was also stipulated that "cooking pots" were not allowed in the city. All foreign wines are sold by official designated wine merchants, and there are 8 designated 18 in Chongwenmen, which are collectively sold and taxed, commonly known as "eighteen hotels". The tax on wine is very heavy. In order to make a living, ordinary small brewing workshops often hang pig urine neck full of wine on their chests at night and secretly climb over the city walls to avoid paying high taxes. This is "bootlegging". It is hard and dangerous to carry illicit liquor. Backed against the city wall, they pushed and scraped the slightly protruding parts of each row of city bricks tightly with their feet and hands, and "climbed" up bit by bit. When they arrived in the city, they tied their bodies with ropes. The cruel exploitation of feudal rulers forced the people to struggle for survival. So at that time, Chongwen Taxation Bureau was called "the gate of hell".

From the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Chongwen Gate was quite lively, and vendors, large and small, were busy. The moat is clear, there are bridges on the river, boats in the middle reaches of the river, and flowers and trees on both sides. Green willows are facing the wind, and red flowers invite the bright moon, which is beautiful. Amin poet Dong Xuan wrote a poem entitled "The Gate of Civilization in Midsummer": "Outside the gate of civilization, there is a shadow of Liu Yin, and a hundred Huang Peng send a good voice. Looking back at Yugou (moat), Fengge has five clouds. " Not far from the bridge is the city of Wall. "There is a market four days a month, and there are many daily necessities and farm tools. The four hutongs in the north are all needed for boudoir decoration, and the jade is bright, the fake flowers are righteous, and there are many rooms "(see Tian Zhiou Wen). To the east along the moat, there is Taiping Palace, commonly known as Flat Peach Palace. Every March, "People are called by the people, and one Qi Fei comes here to visit", "People sleep in the fragrant grass" and "Sprinkle arrows (pot-throwing game)" (see Pan Rongbi's Ji Sheng at the age of Jingdi in the early Qing Dynasty). At the end of the Qing Dynasty, people also said that "the temple city of Taiping Palace is the most prosperous", "the land is close to the ridge of the river, there is no city, the spring waves are green, the soft soil is paved with red, and all kinds of dramas compete for the past. The levee enters the Song Dynasty, and the clothes are fragrant and the shadows are shaking." In winter, there is another scenery on the moat: "It's freezing in winter, and the bed is made of wood with steel bars embedded under it. One person leads the rope in front, and three or four people ride like flies on the ice. This is called dragging the bed. " With snow and clouds, the scenery is more picturesque. People who skate on ice have iron teeth on their shoes. They are very popular on the ice. They compete to win the championship like lightning. This is called skating. Everyone is under the moat, getting together to slide and dragging the bed. Even the bed that mops the floor is connected to a place, which is convenient to take care of, drinking and singing loudly, and being pulled by two or three people. Compared with riding a horse, it is far better than riding a car "(see" Ji Sheng at the age of Emperor Jing "). Later, the moat water gradually silted up, and the Qing government and the warlords of the Republic of China did not redouble their efforts. The scenery of the past is gone forever. The traffic from Chongwenmen to Pantao Palace was changed to riding donkeys; Donkeys know the way, don't walk around, don't need someone to lead them, and will pick up pedestrians at their destination without making mistakes. This situation continued until the eve of liberation.

Chongwenmen city wall was demolished.

Now, Chongwenmen city wall has been demolished, and the moat water has been changed to underground ditch circulation. Along the ruins of the city wall, there is a wide and clean asphalt road on the ground, and people walk around the clock. On both sides of the road, tall buildings stand tall and embroidered curtains live in thousands of households. There is a ring railway underground, which extends in all directions and is very fast, handling hundreds of thousands of people every day. Compared with the Yuan Dynasty 700 years ago, it is a world of difference.

Buildings near Chongwenmen

Chongxi Community Renfa Building Xinyi Home New World Huizhitong Building Taihua Apartment Baoding Center (Baoding Plaza) City Xinyuan Xinzhongyi Jinlun Building (Souxiu City) Inner Mongolia Building Beijing Huijie New World Home Tainan Building Zhengren Building Dakang Building Haicheng Business Club Guocuicheng Renjie Business Building Huacheng Building

Brief introduction of Chongwenmen Inner Street

Chongwenmennei Street is located in the southeast of Dongcheng District. It starts from Jianguomen Inner Street in the north and reaches Chongwenmen West Street in the south. Because it is located in Chongwenmen, it is called. Chongwenmennei Street was called Chongwenmenli Street in Ming Dynasty. During the reign of Xuan Tong, Chongwenmen Street did not have the word "inside". According to the Republic of China. Renamed after 1949.

In the south of the east construction site of Chongwenmennei Street on Metro Line 5, several worn-out dark blue metal plates surrounded the ruins on three sides. Residents who come in and out next to it all know that this used to be the Beijing Office in Inner Mongolia, and a more than ten-story Mengtai Building will be built in the future.

Chongwenmennei Street and Xuanwumennei Street are two main urban roads running through the east and west sides of the inner city. They are the longest streets in the north-south direction of the inner city. They were called Dongdashi Street and Xidashi Street in ancient times.

Scenic spot one

Chongwenmen Christian Church is located in Hougou Hutong on the east side of Chongwenmen Inner Street Road, also known as Yas Auditorium. It is the largest Christian church in Beijing. The church building is antique, the courtyard is shaded by trees and the environment is beautiful. Mass is held in Chinese and Korean every day. American President Bill Clinton 1998 came here to attend mass when he visited China. It is also a cultural relics protection unit.

Take the subway and get off at Chongwenmen Station, or take buses 106, 108,10,11807 and get off at Chongwenmen Station, Ludong.

Location of scenic spots in Dongcheng District, No.2 Hougou Hutong, Chongwenmennei Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing

Scenic spot 2

County where Beijing Post Museum is located: Dongcheng District Scenic Area Location: No.7 Xiaopingfang Hutong, Chongwenmennei Street, Beijing Ticket Price (RMB): 3 yuan Bus Route: Take No.39, No.8, No.3, No.4 1 16, 165438,/.

Attractions: Beijing Post Museum is located in the tabloid hutong on the west side of Chongnei Street. 1905- 1907 This used to be the office of Daqing Post Beijing General Administration. 19 14 was renamed as the first post office. 1996 restored the original appearance of the "First Post Office Sub-branch" and established the Postal Museum. 65438+1February 20, 1997 Beijing Post opened to the outside world at the centenary.

traffic

29, 103, 104, 104 express, 204 internal night, 204 external night, 208 night, 209 night, 2 1 1 night, 434,673.

living conditions

Nearby properties: Xinyi Jiayuan, Guoruicheng, Xinjing Jiayuan, Guancheng Mingdun Road, Xinyu Jiayuan, Peony Garden, etc.

Property price: 65438+ 10,000 to tens of millions.

Transportation in the area: bus 108, rail transit 1 1: Chongwenmen Station (Line 5 and Line 2) and dongdan station (Line 5, 1).

Peripheral facilities: University: Chongwen Campus of Beijing Institute of Education.

Primary and secondary schools: Xinyi Primary School (Qianmen Primary School Branch), Huimin Primary School, Xinjing Primary School, 96 Middle School, 1 16 Middle School, 50 Middle School, Huiwen Middle School and Dongjiaominxiang Primary School.

Kindergartens: Mill Kindergarten, Qianmen Kindergarten, Huimin Kindergarten, Dida Kindergarten and Dongjiaominxiang Kindergarten.

Shopping malls: New World Shopping Mall Phase I, New World Shopping Mall Phase II, Souxiu Shopping Mall, Chongwenmen Vegetable Market, Lotte Mart and Shuntianfu.

Post Office: Chongwen Post Office and xin jing Post Office.

Banks: China Industrial and Commercial Bank, China Bank of Communications, China Construction Bank, China Merchants Bank, Minsheng Bank, China Agricultural Bank and Huaxia Bank.

Hospitals: Puren Hospital, Beijing Hospital, Tongren Hospital and Tongrentang Chinese Medicine Hospital.

Others: Courtyard by Marriott New World, Xinqiao Hotel, Chongwenmen Hotel, Capital Hotel.