The Historical Development of Bourbon Family

Since 1523, the title of Bourbon has been vacant due to the dispute over the heir, and its assets are temporarily owned by the French royal family. 1527, French king Francois I awarded the title of Bourbon Principality and Duke to Charles, Duke of Vendom. Since then, the Lamache-Vendom branch has acquired the Bourbon Principality, which is also an important capital for the Bourbon family to win the French throne in the future.

King Henry IV of France, Enrique III of Navarra.

Antoine de Bourbon, son of Charles, the 9th generation Duke of Bourbon, married Churanna Dabrette, Queen of Navarra, in June of 1548+ 10/2. Their eldest son, Henri de Bourbon, inherited the kingdom of Navarra after his mother died in 1572. It was King Henrik III of Navarra, and the Bourbon family entered the kingdom from then on. Although the territory of Navarra was only a small part of its heyday at this time, it was enough to become an important base for the Bourbon family to compete for the French throne in the future. When Henry de Bourbon was in Navarra, he joined the Protestant Huguenot Sect with his mother. Because of Henry's aristocratic status in France, he became the leader of Huguenots in France when he succeeded Navarra to the throne. Together with other branches of the Bourbon family, there was a dispute with the Burgess family, which dominated French politics and was dominated by Catholic fanatics. Henry was inevitably involved in the brutal French religious war. In order to protect himself, Henry converted to Catholicism several times, but he remained loyal to Huguenots in private.

The religious war not only captured a large number of French civilian casualties, but also indirectly led to the decline of the valois-Ang Gulaim family. The three sons of Henry II, the second monarch of the Ang Gulaim dynasty, all became French kings, among whom Fran?ois II and Charles IX died young. Their younger brother Henry III succeeded to the throne, and the youngest brother Fran? ois, Duke of Arancon, became the Crown Prince. 1584, Crown Prince Fran? ois was assassinated. According to Salik's inheritance law, the French throne can only be passed on to the male descendants of hugues capet, and the Bourbons are the first heirs. Henri de Bourbon became the legal heir to the French throne, was placed under house arrest by the French court and was sheltered by the royal family.

Henri de Bourbon's Huguenot background aroused the dissatisfaction of many French Catholics, and his road to France was full of crises. On the other hand, the Bousette branch, another branch of the Bourbon family, is closer to the ruling valois-OnGulaim family than the Lamache-Windom branch to which Henry belongs. . Only the ancestors of the Bousette branch were disqualified from inheriting the throne because their marriage was not approved by French King Louis Xi. But in the end, after Henry III was assassinated in 1589, Henri de Bourbon succeeded in becoming the French king. The kingdom of Navarra was also incorporated into France, and King Navarra became one of many titles of successive French kings.

After Henry IV ascended the throne, he took the initiative to end the religious war that had plagued France for many years and enabled the French economy to recover. 1598, Henry iv issued the edict of Nantes, which implemented the policy of religious tolerance, so that many Protestant craftsmen stayed in France and promoted the prosperity of the French economy. However, Henry IV's religious tolerance policy ended with his death. Spanish bourbon dynasty

1700, Carlos II, the last member of the Habsburg royal family in Spain, died, ending the Habsburg family's rule over the Spanish calendar 145. Carlos II's testamentary edict passed the throne to his nephew Philip, the Duke of Sun Anjou, the second French king Louis XIV from Bourbon dynasty, instead of his Austrian cousin. Louis XIV immediately put his second grandson, King Felipe V of Spain, on the Spanish throne. However, his tough stance of defending the inheritance rights of his grandchildren led to the outbreak of the Spanish succession war in 1702.

The war lasted until 17 1 1 year. At this time, the Bourbon royal family had established a firm foothold in Spain and expressed their willingness to provide trade preferences and guarantees for British and Dutch businessmen, which led to the collapse of the Habsburg Alliance. 17 14 years, the two countries signed a peace treaty, and the Austrian Habsburg royal family recognized the Bourbon royal family as Spain, but Philip V and his descendants had to give up the right to inherit the French throne. Since then, the Bourbon royal family in Spain and France has officially separated, which also opened the homepage of Bourbon royal family's intermittent rule in Spain for more than three centuries. During the French Revolution, the period of religious tolerance in France passed away with the death of Henry IV, and then the Bourbon monarch resumed the oppression of Christian Protestants, resulting in a large number of Huguenot craftsmen leaving France. Coupled with the luxury of royal life, the country used troops for years, which led to the gradual decline of the French economy. Along with the economic recession, there are social contradictions, unfair tax system, government corruption, the privilege of the Roman Catholic Church, and serious land annexation, which all increase the social instability in France. The American War of Independence gave rise to the thoughts of democracy and enlightenment in France and became the catalyst of the French Revolution.

1789, due to the financial problems of the French royal family, King Louis XVI of France was forced to reopen the three-tier parliament, but the request for tax increase was rejected, which led to the armed struggle between the French bourgeoisie and the royal family. At first, the bourgeois representatives only changed the state system from absolute monarchy to constitutional monarchy, but they were also opposed by European powers and then took the opportunity to invade France. At this time, Marie Antoinette, the queen of Louis XVI, was suspected of informing her family about Austria, which caused great public outrage. Bourbon dynasty was finally overthrown by the people's uprising in Paris in August 1792. Finally, Louis XVI became the only monarch in French history who was guillotined in1June+2/year1October, 793.

After Louis XVI was executed, some royalists claimed that their eldest son, Prince Louis? Charles is the French King Louis XVII of France. But at that time, France was already a republic, and this idea had no practical effect. However, Louis XVII of France of France did not survive the French Revolution and died in prison on 1795 at the age of 10. Since then, Louis XVI's younger brother, Count Provence in exile in Russia, has become the heir to the throne. The imperfect government system during the French Revolution created the French people's emperor Napoleon. But the hegemony of France and Napoleon did not last long. 18 14 years, Napoleon fell, and the Earl of Provence, who was exiled in Britain, returned to his own country and became King Louis Stanislas Xavier of France with the welcome of the new wealth of the French anti-Napoleonic army. Under the pressure of the army and the bourgeoisie, Louis Stanislas Xavier was forced to accept a liberal constitution.

However, the good times did not last long. Napoleon returned to Paris in March of 18 15 to rebuild his empire and establish the Hundred Days Dynasty. Louis Stanislas Xavier escaped. After the Battle of Waterloo, Louis Stanislas Xavier was restored. And he and his brother Charles X have been committed to maintaining the power of the royalists in Congress. Some policies during the French Revolution were also abolished by the two men because they were considered to be inclined to liberalism. These actions made the Bourbon dynasty lose the hearts of the people, and finally led to the July Revolution of 1830. Charles X's conservative policy finally provoked a revolution in 1830. At that time, King Charles X of France tried to implement the law of repression and triggered a rebellion, which was known as the "July Revolution". After the Great Revolution, the French Parliament made Louis Philippe III, Duke of Orleans, the eighth grandson of Philip, the second son of King Louis XIII of France, and officially named him "King of France". Because he took Bourbon-Orleans as his surname, his July dynasty was also called Bourbon-Orleans dynasty.

Louis Philippe took the middle route, but he still couldn't solve the problem of the continuous decline of the French economy. 1846' s industrial and agricultural depression led to 1848' s February revolution, forcing him to abdicate. Since then, no Bourbon royal family or its branch members can rule France, and the Bourbon dynasty in France officially came to an end. 1931April 14, Spain * * * and the Republican Party won the general election, and the king abdicated, which marked the end of the Spanish bourbon dynasty. * * * and the Republican Party cheered for it. However, the civil war broke out in 1936. Franco, chief of staff of the army, fascist of Germany and Italy.

With his support, he profited from the civil war and established a dictatorship. Compared with the influential monarchists in Spain, the calculating Franco is more like a seasoned political strategist. He compromised with each other step by step. 1945 promised to restore the monarchy, 1947 issued a decree to determine the members of the royal family confirmed by him to serve as heads of state after his death. After many searches, Franco finally determined Juan Carlos, the grandson of Alfonso XIII and the direct descendant of Bourbon Dynasty, as his heir.

Juan Carlos 1938 65438+ 10 was born in Rome, Italy on 5 October, and is the son of Juan Carlos, Duke of Barcelona and Prince of Spain. Born and raised in Italy and Switzerland, he first set foot on Spanish soil at the age of 10.

Juan Carlos went to school with his younger brother Alfonso in San Sebastian, 1955 entered Zaragoza Military Academy, and then entered Marin Naval Academy and San Javier Air Force Academy. When I was studying in a military school, a tragedy happened. Juan Carlos' brother died: the two brothers were cleaning their guns and going hunting together. Alfonso's gun accidentally went off, and Alfonso died immediately.

Juan Carlos was appointed lieutenant of the three armed forces. As the future commander-in-chief of the armed forces, he knows the Spanish army very well. In addition, he also studied business economics and management at the University of Madrid. With his father's consent, he accepted Franco's advice and became the heir of the great dictator. 1On July 23rd, 969, Franco's successor was officially announced.

1962 in may, Juan Carlos married a princess of the European royal family. She is the Greek princess Sophia, and the Spanish call her Sophia according to their own habits. This marriage conforms to the traditional concept, and the wedding is held in the church. Everyone believes that the prince will be a competent king of Spain in the future. He was appointed by Franco to avoid domestic unrest.

1975165438+10, just a few days after Franco's death, Juan Carlos was declared king of Spain.

Prince Michel Bourbon of France is also a direct descendant of King Louis XIV. He lives in Paris and has been to China in 1997 and 2007.

Brief introduction of bourbon family

Bourbons are one of the most powerful families in Europe. Since 1792, the Bourbons have never played an active role in French politics, but focused on economic activities. As a descendant of King Louis XIV, Prince Michel Bourbon has been devoted to managing the family property and a large amount of land, and has a large number of vineyards in making champagne cognac. In the economic field, the ambitious Prince Michel Bourbon's ideal is to make France's high-level liquor manufacturers famous in the world. He believes that China after the reform and opening up is full of hope and opportunities.

Louis XIV was the most outstanding emperor of Bourbon in France. His reign was the most prosperous and brilliant of the four famous eras in European history. He not only created a magnificent momentum, but also brought the palace art to the extreme, especially his artistic lifestyle, which influenced the upper class in Europe for more than 200 years and absorbed the essence of royal aesthetics for a long time. The magnificent Palace of Versailles, the magnificent Barr Palace; Poetry, literature and music were all achieved under his leadership. The civility, courtesy and social spirit he advocated became the model for later generations.

Prince Michel Bourbon is a direct descendant of Louis XIV, a cousin of the current king of Spain, and a prince jointly owned by the French royal family and the Spanish royal family and protected by the two governments. Prince Michel Bourbon is not only the leader of the most authoritative cognac association with 3,500 members in France, but also the only prince in the world who makes the best wine in the royal winery with high-quality grapes grown in royal fiefs.

Prince bourbon trademark is a guarantee of quality. Prince Bourbon wine is the crystallization of the brilliant achievements of Bourbon royal family for thousands of years, which embodies the excellent French culture and is a good wine for people with the most acute taste and elegant temperament.

High-quality wine is an important part of French food culture. Prince Michel Bourbon is the leader of the French Cognac Association and has been committed to promoting French wine culture to the world. Prince Michel Bourbon represents friendship, communication and sharing, which is a symbol of status and a guarantee of quality.