Briefly introduce the green city-Warsaw, the capital of Poland.

The capital and historic city of Poland.

Warsaw, the largest city in China, is the largest industrial, trade, scientific and cultural center and the largest transportation hub.

It is located in the central plain of China, on the west bank of the middle reaches of the Vistula River, with an area of 5 16.9 square kilometers and a population of about 1 7 1 0,000. It is the main trade route of Central European countries and has been a very prosperous place since ancient times.

Warsaw is pronounced Walshawa in Polish. The name commemorates the brave spirit of a couple named Wolsey and Shawa, who broke through many obstacles and finally got married.

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[Edit this paragraph] The history of Warsaw

10 century and 1 1 century have residents. The city was built in the middle of13rd century and became the capital in 1596.

Warsaw panorama has been ruled by foreign countries for more than 200 years since the beginning of the eighth century, and it has been the capital of Poland since 19 19.

1920, with a population of over one million, was one of the big cities in Europe at that time.

It was severely damaged in World War II and quickly rebuilt after the war.

There are many industrial sectors, especially machinery manufacturing, including motors, precision machinery, machine tools, airplanes, automobiles and agricultural machinery.

Chemical industry (medicine, plastics, chemical fiber), textile, food processing and other industries are also very developed.

It is also the largest printing industry center in China.

There are Polish Academy of Sciences, many research institutions and societies, the largest comprehensive university in China and many other institutions of higher learning.

Known for its high degree of greening, the city has a green area of 126 square kilometers and 67 parks.

Gerlazo Wavola in the northwest suburb is the hometown of musician Chopin.

When the plane arrived over Warsaw, people looked down from the window and saw beautiful and spectacular natural scenery.

The silver Vistula River, like a jade belt, surrounds the waist of Warsaw. The magnificent ancient city of Warsaw stands on the river bank, and the red spire buildings in medieval Europe are row upon row.

On the iron bridge across the Vistula River, traffic is busy and there is a bustling scene.

On both sides of busy streets, houses are towering, trees are lined up and lawns are contiguous. The whole city is like a huge ship moored in a green ocean.

Warsaw, a world famous historical city, was founded in the 3rd century A.D./KLOC-0, when it was a medieval town at the confluence of the Vistula River.

In Polish, Warsaw is Varshava. It is said that a couple named Valsi and Shawa bravely resisted the king's obstruction and finally got married.

People admired the brave spirit of the young lovers, so they named the city after them, and later it was called Warsaw for short.

1596, polish king Zygmont vasa iii moved the royal family and the central government from Krakow to the capital Warsaw.

In a war from 1655 to 1657, Warsaw was severely damaged and occupied and ruled by other nationalities many times in the following centuries.

19 18 Warsaw became the capital of Poland again.

In World War II, the beautiful ancient city of Warsaw was severely damaged and almost razed to the ground. More than 85% of the buildings in the city were destroyed, and those magnificent classical buildings almost disappeared, with ruins and scorched earth everywhere.

Some westerners once asserted: "Warsaw will not reappear on the earth, at least there is no hope in 100 years." But the facts give the opposite answer.

After getting rid of the war in 1945, Warsaw rebuilt the city as it was, not only maintaining the style of the ancient city in the middle ages, but also building a new city, which exceeded the pre-war scale and level.

In the process of reconstruction, the protection and restoration of historical sites have received special attention. Before the war, more than 900 historical buildings in the city were almost repaired and decorated, and those palaces, churches and castles in the past were even more magnificent.

At the beginning of post-war reconstruction, Poland made a plan to build Warsaw into a "modern city with green trees all over the city".

The original forests and green spaces in the city have been protected and utilized as much as possible, and the surrounding forests have not been destroyed because of large-scale reconstruction.

In order to reduce the industrial pollution in the city, the factory was built far away from residential areas and away from downtown areas.

All the houses in the city are kept in light colors, and the whole city looks fresh and elegant.

The beautiful Vistula River flows quietly through the city from south to north, with lush trees and green grass on both sides.

Streets and residential areas are vigorously afforested, lawns are planted under trees, and there is basically no land in the city.

There is no dust in Warsaw on windy days.

There are nearly 70 parks in the urban area, with a green area of 130 square kilometers and a per capita green area of 78 square meters, ranking among the best in the capitals of the world.

Today, Warsaw still maintains the layout of the old city and the new city.

All kinds of historical sites and places of interest are mostly concentrated in the old city, especially magnificent palaces, huge churches, various watchtowers and castles, which attract a large number of tourists from abroad every year.

The old city is located on the west bank of the Vistula River, where the magnificent red spire buildings in the Middle Ages are concentrated, surrounded by red brick13rd century inner walls and14th century outer walls, and there are towering ancient castles at the four corners.

The famous ancient buildings include the most beautiful and spectacular Baroque building in Warsaw-the former palace, the outstanding representative of Polish classical architecture-the Krasinski Palace, and the Church of the Holy Cross, St. John's Church, Roman Church and Russian Church.

Monuments, statues or castings can be seen everywhere in the city, and the bronze statue of mermaid on the Vistula River is the symbol of Warsaw.

The residence on Frida Street, where Madame Curie, an internationally renowned physicist, was born, has become a museum.

In the new urban area, modern high-rise buildings come one after another, and all kinds of shops, restaurants, hotels and guesthouses abound.

Residential areas with elegant environment, reasonable layout, convenient life, lush trees and extensive flowers and plants, like gardens.

The traffic in the city extends in all directions and is orderly.

Institutions of higher learning, scientific research institutions, modern art galleries, theaters and stadiums are located in various districts and are full of vitality.

Climb to the top of the 230-meter-high Palace of Culture and Science, and you can see the beautiful scenery of the internationally famous tourist city Warsaw.

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[Edit this paragraph] Warsaw cuisine

Poles eat soup first. There are three kinds of soups: barszcz, chtodnik, kapusniak and krupnik. Some barley soup is mixed with eggs and sausages (zurek).

There are many kinds of main meals, the common ones are: gotabki, which contains rice and meat; Colette Shabovi; Pancakes and Nalesniki; There are also various foreign jiaozi, such as meat, potatoes, cheese or blueberries.

Poles love to drink, especially beer, vodka and special spirits.

Zywiec is the most popular liquor (12%), and EB is also very good, slightly milder.

There is also an EB Czerwone, which is darker in color and heavier in taste.

There are many kinds of beer circulating in the market, among which Okocim and Piast are famous.

There are many kinds of vodka, from wheat to potatoes, among which Wyborowa, Zytnia and Polonez are the most famous, all of which have specially designed wine bottles.

It is said that Jewish vodka is the highest grade, but the origin of the name Jewish is unknown.

There is a kind of Zubrowka vodka made of herbs, which will be accompanied by a handful of grass from bison habitat, often mixed with apple juice, and named z sokem jabtkowym.

Miod and Krupnik are the favorites of the upper class.

Some Polish grandmothers brew vodka privately, which is also well received.

[Edit this paragraph] Warsaw climate

Warsaw has a humid continental climate, with an average temperature of 17℃, a minimum of -5℃ per month and a maximum of 30℃ in July.

The average annual rainfall is 680mm, and July is the month with the most rainfall.

[Edit this paragraph] Warsaw economy

Warsaw is the political, economic and cultural center of Poland. Its industries include steel, machinery manufacturing (precision machinery, lathes, etc. ), automobiles, motors, pharmaceuticals, chemistry, textiles, etc. , mainly electronics, electromechanical, food.

It is also the largest printing industry center in China.

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[Edit this paragraph] Warsaw culture

In the center of Warsaw, there are Polish Academy of Sciences, Opera House, Concert Hall and "10th Anniversary Stadium" which can accommodate nearly 654.38 million spectators.

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[Edit this paragraph] Traffic conditions

Warsaw is a national transportation center, one of the hubs of the road transportation network in Poland and Europe, and the main airport in Poland.

Warsaw subway map

Warsaw currently has rail transit, including suburban trains, subways, light rails, city buses and suburban buses.

Polish state-run train is the best choice for long-distance travel, and the price is cheaper than taking a bus.

The train billboard will list the name of the station in alphabetical order, and the train time of the station: the departure time (Odjazdy) is marked in yellow, and the arrival time (Przyjazdy) is marked in white.

Ekspresowy is marked in red, and "IC" or "Ex" will be written before the train shift.

Pospiezny is usually marked in red, which is the fastest. The slow train (Osobowy) is marked in black. Although it is slow, it is about 35% cheaper than the through train.

All shuttle buses and through trains must reserve seats in advance. Usually there is a box with the word R written on it. You can ask the conductor about miejscowka, which means to make an appointment.

You'd better buy a ticket before getting on the bus to avoid getting into trouble.

There are two kinds of ordinary tickets and concessionary tickets: students and the elderly can enjoy half-price concessions, but foreigners are not allowed to buy concessionary tickets.

Remember, foreigners are not allowed to use discount tickets for buses or trains in Poland. If they use discount tickets without Polish identity cards, they will be severely punished if they are found.

Tickets for Sunday are 20% off, and all tickets are valid on the same day. There may be a long queue to buy tickets. It is best to buy tickets at the station or special station in advance.

The train station doesn't broadcast the train, and sometimes the signs are not obvious.

For short trips, state-run buses are cheaper and faster.

Just like a train, there is a difference between a through train (Pospiezny, red) and a slow train (Osobowy, black).

Generally, there are many people at bus stops who want to buy tickets; There are also regulations to buy tickets from drivers.

In the countryside, there is a place like a yellow Mercedes-Benz sign hanging upside down, which is a bus stop; That's the symbol of Polish national transportation (PKS).

However, if you wave, the bus usually stops.

Self-help travelers will be in big trouble when they get on the bus, but there is no room for your big backpack.

Hitchhiking is legal, but it is dangerous.

Wave to stop the car.

Usually, hitchhiking is not the recommended mode of transportation for foreigners.

[Edit this paragraph] World Heritage

The reconstruction of the ancient city of Warsaw should have started before World War II.

At that time, Hitler shouted: to destroy Poland in a short time.

Poles were very angry, but the Polish rulers at that time were weak and incompetent.

Out of love for the architectural cultural heritage of the motherland, the teachers and students of the Department of Architecture of Warsaw University recorded the main blocks and important buildings of the ancient city of Warsaw.

When the war broke out, they hid these paintings in the cave. Although houses and streets were destroyed, their images were preserved.

When rebuilding Huasha City after the war, the Soviets advocated building a brand-new and socialist Xinhua Sha.

Many Warsaw residents gathered in front of the city, and the teachers and students of Warsaw University took out the drawings of the old city drawn before the war for exhibition. People gradually formed a unanimous opinion that the original style of the ancient city of Warsaw should be restored, which finally forced * * * to change the original decision.

When the news of the restoration of the ancient city of Warsaw spread, Poles wandering abroad suddenly returned to 300,000.

Poland * * * complied with people's demands and organized people to devote themselves to the reconstruction of Warsaw. The whole of Poland set off a patriotic upsurge and the people's homes were rebuilt. This is the famous "Warsaw speed" after the war.

The ancient city of Warsaw was later listed on the World Heritage List as a special case by UNESCO at 1980.

World heritage is generally something that refuses to be rebuilt, but the people of Warsaw spontaneously stood up to protect their national culture and historical traditions, which set an example for all the ancient cities in the world and also had an important impact on the protection of ancient cities in Europe.

[Edit this paragraph] Urban greening

The city covers an area of 446 square kilometers, with 65 parks of all sizes. The streets are lush, dotted with green lawns and small flower beds, and the whole city is hidden in the sea of flowers.

Urban greening map of Warsaw

The city's green area is 65,438+2,000 square meters, accounting for about 27% of the city's total area, and its population is about 77.7 square meters, ranking first among major cities in the world.

Another outstanding feature of Warsaw greening is the combination of urban greening and fruit and vegetable gardens. There are 2,700 hectares of fruit and vegetable gardens, accounting for 6% of the city's total area.

There is a shed in the fruit and vegetable garden, which is specially rented to urban residents.

Employees can bring their families here to manage fruit trees, or grow vegetables and flowers on holidays and live a "pastoral" life.

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[Edit this paragraph] Tourist attractions

Plac Zamkowy, in the center of which stands the cylindrical monument of Zegmont III Waza, was built by Vadiswav IV in 1644 in memory of his father Zegmont III Waza who moved to Warsaw.

The column is 30 meters high and the portrait is 2.75 meters high.

Standing on the pillar, Zegemont III wore a crown, a robe, a sword and a cross.

Legend has it that legend of king's direction represents: pointing upward symbolizes victory and luck, while pointing downward indicates bad luck and decline.

Zamek Krolewski, built at the end of 13, was originally a wooden structure.

1569- 1572 photo of the palace The castle was converted into the seat of the palace and parliament in 2006.

1598-1665438+expansion in 2009.

The palace is located in the middle of the ancient castle. It is a pentagonal building.

The palace was repeatedly destroyed by intruders and was constantly expanded during the restoration process.

1939, the palace was bombed by German planes again, and some of it was burned down.

197 1 year, the palace was rebuilt with social funds.

1984 The restored palace is open to the public.

Rynek Stare Gomiata, the central square of the old town of Warsaw.

/kloc-Before 0/8th century, this was the center of the city, where fairs were held.

Now the square is surrounded by restaurants, gift shops and cafes.

Pilsudski Square, Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, built in 1925, was destroyed during World War II.

Today, the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier is decorated on the ruins.

The marble is engraved with the place and date of the Polish army's battle, and the tomb contains soil collected from the battlefield where Polish martyrs died.

Saxony Park is named after the old palace in the park-Saxony Palace, which was destroyed from the General Staff as a Polish palace in World War II.

National Museum (Narodowe), built in 1926- 1938, includes ancient art museum, foreign art museum, Polish art museum and Polish local painting exhibition.

The museum also has many branches.

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Holy Cross Church (southwest. Krzyza) was built in 1679- 1696. During World War II, there was an anti-Nazi uprising here. The church was destroyed in the war and rebuilt after the war.

The hearts of Polish pianist Chopin and Nobel Prize-winning novelist Raymond are buried in the church.

Palac Kultury i Nauki, next to the Central Railway Station, is one of the tallest buildings in downtown Warsaw.

Built in 1952- 1955, it was built by the Soviets and presented to Poland at that time. It is 230 meters high and has 38 floors.

There is an observation deck on the roof overlooking the city.

Varzim La zankov was bought by the Polish king in 1766 to build a garden and a summer palace.

There are Palac na Wodzie built on an island in the middle of the lake, Palac Myslewicki Palace in the State Guesthouse, Belweder in the presidential residence, Bialy Dom in Italian villa style, Italian amphitheater and an ancient theater in the18th century.

There is also a bronze statue of Chopin, a famous Polish pianist, built in 1926.

Wilanow, south of the city 10 km, was once the summer palace of the Polish king, and it is a baroque palace building known as "Little Versailles".

There are 43 hectares of big gardens around the palace, including orange garden, English garden and China garden.

The mermaid statue (Syrena), a bronze statue, is the symbol of Huashan City, with a height of 2.5 meters.

Is the legendary mermaid, Warsaw mermaid defeated the water monster in the Vistula River.

Parac Nibiro, more than 80 kilometers southwest of Warsaw.

Classic Italian baroque manor building.

/kloc-was designed and built by Dutch architects in the 0/7th century, and/kloc-expanded and built a beautiful park in the 0/8th century.

Once the noble manor of Bishop Raj Iovski, it is now a branch of the Warsaw National Museum.

This used to be a place where nobles met.

There are many precious works of art on display in the palace.

There are stables and two citrus orchards next to the palace.

There are "barren women" and shame pillars in the early romantic period in the park.

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[Edit this paragraph] twin cities

Kazakhstan Astana Germany Berlin USA Chicago Germany Dusseldorf China Harbin Netherlands The Hague Japan Hamamatsu Vietnam Hanoi Ukraine Kiev Russia Moscow France Paris Latvia Riga Korea Seoul Russia St Petersburg China Taipei Israel Tel Aviv Canada Toronto Lithuania Vilnius Austria Vienna.

[Edit this paragraph] Wedding custom

Poles attach great importance to weddings.

Both men and women should register in the marriage registration office first, and invite relatives and friends to attend the registration ceremony.

The bride and groom should choose a man and a woman from their relatives or closest friends as their witnesses.

People attending the marriage registration ceremony should wear formal dresses.

A Polish wedding begins with a wedding March.

As soon as the wedding March rang, the bride and groom walked into the auditorium under the leadership of the officiant in black robes.

The bride and groom stood opposite the host, and the witness and their parents sat in the chairs in the front row of the hall, followed by others.

The host asked and listened to the bride and groom according to the rules, and then the bride and groom walked out of the hall slowly with the wedding March. The whole ceremony is not long, usually only ten minutes, but it is solemn.

After the bride and groom walked out of the hall, other people attending the ceremony lined up in turn to present flowers to the bride to congratulate her.

Religious people, after marriage registration, go to church to hold a religious wedding.

The bride wears a white veil and the groom wears a black suit.

When the bride and groom walk out of the church after the religious wedding ceremony, people will throw coins prepared in advance on the ground, and the bride and groom will pick up the coins one by one. The more he finds, the richer he becomes.

Choosing a wedding date generally avoids rainy days.

According to folklore, if it rains on the wedding day, it will indicate that "marriage is not perfect", married life will be "overcast" and even God will cry.

[Edit this paragraph] Introduction to Education

There are 14 institutions of higher learning in the city. Warsaw University, founded in19th century, is famous for its rich collection of books. There are also botanical gardens and meteorological stations on campus.