What is the relationship between the functional aspect of the project and the professional engineering system?

Types of project management and the relationship between subsystems

This paper studies the concept and types of project management comprehensively and systematically, and analyzes the relationship between project management types and subsystems.

Keywords: project management; Subsystem; Construction supervision; Law of engineering construction activities; Project management type

Since 1980s, China has carried out reform and opening-up, deepening the reform and development of economic system. As an important part of economic system reform, engineering project construction activities have also carried out system reform in combination with failed experience and similar successful projects abroad. The concepts introduced mainly include: adopting project method for construction, construction supervision and direct responsibility of project manager. This has promoted the development of project management and played a good role in China's construction investment projects. However, in the development of project management, there are still some defects such as unclear concept and insufficient theoretical research, and there is no clear development direction in practice, which hinders the development of project management to some extent.

1 research project construction method

Project management is not carried out blindly, but should be managed systematically according to the objective economic laws of the corresponding development stage. This paper analyzes it from the perspectives of time, content, organizational system and nature.

1. 1 time

Project management runs through the whole process of construction. No project can be completed overnight, and every link from the formulation of project proposal to the completion and production needs systematic management.

1.2 content

In project management, it is necessary to analyze the feasibility of the project, make decisions on the project, formulate corresponding management development plans, manage the design, contract, finance and information of the project, and effectively control the cost, schedule and quality of the project.

1.3 organizational system

Project management is a project management system from country, region to grass-roots level. The state is mainly responsible for the pre-project decision-making and the management of the competent departments and participating units; Regional management is mainly to supervise the activities in the project and manage the participating units; Grass-roots management mainly refers to the specific management of participating units.

1.4 attribute

As a specific category in the economic system reform, project management is the concrete result of the national economic development plan. It should be noted that project management is not based on investment, but on the vertical management mode of the project itself. To sum up, the project management of the project is based on the fixed assets investment management from a micro perspective.

2 management type

2. 1 by management level

According to the management level, it can be divided into macro and micro levels.

2. 1. 1 macro project management

This kind of management is mainly carried out by governments at all levels, taking a class of projects or the whole region as the project management object, and the management purpose is the overall comprehensive development benefit. Macro-management mainly uses three levels: administrative, legal and economic. In terms of development, it is the provisions of laws and policies related to the project, laws and policies on taxation and finance, and the formulation and implementation of procedures and norms in engineering projects.

2. 1.2 micro-project management

This kind of management is to manage the relevant economic and legal system and project management technology from a micro perspective, which is mainly carried out by the project owner, project sponsor, investor and the person directly responsible for taking risks, and the project is undertaken by the subject who contracts all or part of the project in other forms. In addition, the material suppliers of the project refer to all kinds of enterprises and institutions that can provide resources for the project construction.

2.2 According to the scope and connotation

According to the different scope and connotation of project management, it can be divided into two levels: broad and narrow.

2.2. 1 generalized project management

This kind of management starts from the first link of the project, that is, from the clear investment intention before the project is established to the project evaluation after the completion and acceptance.

2.2.2 narrow sense of project management

The narrow sense of project management is narrower than the broad sense, which is the management of the process from the feasibility study report of the project to the evaluation after completion and acceptance.

2.3 according to the management points

Due to the large number of management subjects in project construction, it is more complicated to divide project management according to different management subjects, and there are many types, mainly including the following.

2.3. 1 Project management of the construction unit

This kind of management is the management of the whole process of the project by the project legal person or the project client. The project legal person is mainly responsible for the whole process from project planning to asset appreciation, and carries out management and supervision according to national standards.

2.3.2 Project Management of the Supervisor

This management mode is based on the defects of the current management organization mode in China. The unit that implements supervision management is entrusted by the project owner to supervise and manage all aspects of project construction. It is suitable for the development of current engineering projects in China.

2.3.3 Contractor project management

In the process of project contracting, different contracting methods will also lead to different meanings of project management.

It mainly includes the project management of general contractor, designer, constructor and supplier. The general contractor's project management runs through the whole process and all aspects of the project, and the project should be carried out under the constraints of the contract; The designer's project management is mainly carried out within the scope stipulated in the design contract; The project management of the construction party is also carried out within the scope entrusted by the construction contract and managed according to the package distribution; Supplier's project management is a subsystem of the project, which is closely related to other subsystems. The management of suppliers can effectively promote the development of the whole project.

2.3.4 Project management of the contractor

The contractor has obtained the qualification to implement the project construction through bidding, and its management scope is stipulated in the construction contract and runs through the whole construction process.

At present, the management of construction projects can generally be carried out from the following angles: the construction unit of the project should carry out the project construction according to the contents agreed in the contract, and it needs to systematically manage all links in the whole construction process. The responsibility of the project manager in the project construction is to control the quality, cost and construction period of the project and ensure the construction safety.

3. The connection and difference between construction, design and construction project management.

3. 1 contact person

The management objects of these three are all engineering projects, and they all need to follow the objective laws of economic development in the management process. The three complement each other and cooperate with each other to achieve the effect of "greater than 3", and * * * together constitute a comprehensive overall management of the project. At the same time, the management subjects of the three are the construction unit, the design unit and the construction unit in turn. The former is the buyer of the construction market, while the latter two are the sellers. Together, these three are the most important trading activities in the construction market.

3.2 differences

From the main point of view, the management attention of the three is construction, design and construction units respectively; From the nature of the target, construction project management is mainly to obtain the best use value and benefit with the least investment, while design and construction project management is to pursue profit maximization under the requirement of ensuring the use function of construction project units; In terms of methods and means, because the object of construction project management is investment activities, contract management is generally adopted, while the latter two management objects are design and construction activities respectively, and the means used in management are generally command and control; In terms of scope and content, the management scope of construction project management includes all aspects and links of the whole project, and the latter two mainly manage the processes involved in the corresponding contracts.

4 project management and construction supervision

As a management system to supervise and manage the project participants, construction supervision makes the project more scientific, reasonable and efficient. At present, under the premise of the stable development of China's socialist market economy, engineering projects put forward higher requirements for construction technology and productivity, and also promoted the rapid development of productivity. The existing relations of production have not adapted to the productive forces, so it is necessary to build a supervision system and establish new relations of production that adapt to the current productive forces.

The two are basically the same in management functions, means, methods and contents. However, the former has the final decision-making power as Party A, while the latter belongs to Party B, and its rights are limited to the scope of authorization; The former involves the management of the whole project process, while the latter is limited to the scope stipulated in the contract.

5 Case study and analysis

During the construction of resettlement community in Ganpu Town, the total investment is10.60 billion yuan. Geographically, this project is located in Ganpu Town, with Ganpu Middle School in the north, Chenhai Road in the south and Shanhaihu Avenue in the west, which is the planned travel road during the construction period. The land area required for this construction is 42,879 square meters, and the total number of residential users is 460. During the construction of Ganpu Town Resettlement Community Project, the related supporting infrastructure construction of the community is mainly divided into two blocks: the construction area in the first block is 307 18.82 square meters, which mainly includes the main construction of 12 residential buildings. Qinshan Ye Wei Construction Group Co., Ltd. will carry out the construction of this bid, and Zhejiang Zicheng Engineering Management Co., Ltd. will undertake the supervision of this bid. The construction area of the second bid section is 24,653.28 square meters, which mainly includes 1 1 apartment and supporting property construction and infrastructure construction in the residential area construction project. Zhejiang Haiyuan Construction Co., Ltd. will be responsible for the construction of this bid, and Zhejiang Jianing Engineering Management Co., Ltd. will be responsible for the supervision of this bid. The construction companies in this project are all produced through formal bidding procedures. The winning companies in the first and second tenders won 465,438+0,370,899 yuan and 34,080,468 yuan respectively, and the completion date agreed by the tenderer and the two companies was 300 days. In the process of this project, the supervision company runs through every detail, reducing all possible problems in the project and effectively ensuring the quality of this project.

label

To sum up, the project management needs to study the law of project construction, which involves the whole process of the whole construction project and belongs to the management of fixed assets investment. According to different angles, project management can be divided into several types, and the division of these types is of great significance to project management. At the same time, studying the relationship between project management and subsystems can better achieve the overall goal of the project.

refer to

[1] Li, Sun Yu. On the organizational form of project management [J]. Tianjin Economy, 20 10(0 1).

[2] Zhao, Su Chunsheng. Research on the integration model of project management level [J]. Infrastructure Optimization, 2003(05).

[3] Cheng. Development Trend and Countermeasures of Project Management in China [J]. Infrastructure Management Optimization, 2003(0 1).

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