Social Governance Innovation in the Era of Big Data

Social Governance Innovation in the Era of Big Data _ Data Analyst Examination

Modern technologies such as Internet, Internet of Things, big data and cloud computing are profoundly changing people's life, work and way of thinking. The era of big data has brought new opportunities and challenges to social governance. Therefore, we should adapt to the social needs in the era of big data and change the way of social governance. Promoting social governance innovation in the era of big data is a brand-new topic both in theory and practice. As the forefront of China's reform and opening up, Futian District once again took the lead in using big data to promote social governance innovation, which has important theoretical and practical significance for studying social governance innovation in the era of big data.

Practical Exploration of Social Governance Innovation in Futian District of Shenzhen City

In the era of big data, only by allowing the government and all social subjects to reasonably enjoy all kinds of latest data, giving full play to their respective advantages, deeply tapping the value of data, and constantly innovating the ways, contents and mechanisms of providing public services to adapt to the rapidly changing social needs and environment, can we continuously improve China's national governance capacity and realize the innovation of social governance methods. Futian District, Shenzhen fully realized the importance of basic data, and made fruitful innovations and explorations on how to ensure the dynamic, accurate and complete possession of basic data.

Highlight the concept of big data

In view of the characteristics of social governance in the era of big data, Futian District of Shenzhen has established the concept of big data and promoted the construction of smart Futian in promoting social governance innovation.

The core of big data application is data processing. Big data applications should fully tap the value of data and carry out in-depth applications. To this end, Futian District proposed to achieve the goal of "making data run more errands and letting ordinary people run less", and summarized the concept of data application with the words "mining, using, enjoying, touching, pushing and embedding".

"Mining, using and enjoying" is a traditional data application and the first revolution of information construction. "Touch-push embedding" is an intelligent application in the era of big data and the second revolution of information construction. The visualization of "touching, pushing and embedding" forces the further quality improvement of "adopting, using and enjoying" and guides the previous system transformation. Where "conflict" refers to data conflict. For example, rental houses reported by street family planning law enforcement, people's mediation, safety supervision and law enforcement, and police stations collide with rental houses that have not been declared independently, and are pushed to street comprehensive law enforcement personnel to promote law enforcement and promote independent declaration by finding problems. "Push" is a smart push. For example, Futian Smart Government has developed the Smart Futian Portal APP and the WeChat public platform. As long as residents in the jurisdiction install or pay attention, the platform will automatically push service information according to their actual needs. "Embedding" is intelligent embedding. For example, business processing rules can be embedded in the grid mobile terminal, such as automatic push once the set meets the conditions.

Establish the concept of "rule of law and evidence". The era of big data is also the era of legal system. To improve social governance in the era of big data, we must further strengthen the awareness of evidence. Futian District Committee and District Government emphasized that to improve social governance ability, it is necessary to establish the concept that "economic society is a society ruled by law and the society ruled by law is an evidence society". Only by mastering the evidence can we take the initiative and solve the problem ",paying attention to speaking with evidence and reasoning with facts. At the same time, it is emphasized that collecting evidence is not only a matter for political and legal departments, but also a matter for all government departments.

In the process of building smart Futian, Futian proposed to realize information evidentialization, that is, all information processes should be marked and left as legal evidence. Determine the legal subject status of the staff through legal signatures, electronic cameras and other forms to ensure the legalization of the subject; Fulfill the obligation of informing in accordance with the law, let the masses understand the laws and policies, master the approval process, prepare relevant materials in advance, and ensure the initiative of approval; Through the process of "electronic uploading of examination and approval results-paper confirmation of legal documents-electronic filing of legal documents", the processes of mass application, government notification, electronic filing and legal documents are ensured to be well-founded, and all kinds of documents and materials generated in law enforcement, management or service are electronically saved and filed, which saves costs, prolongs the storage period and improves the use efficiency. On the other hand, evidence can be retained for a long time to deal with possible complaints or appeals in the future.

Establish the concepts of "information support" and "process reengineering". In the process of smart Futian construction and social governance innovation, Futian District paid attention to the top-level design from the beginning, and the leaders of the district committee coordinated the deployment of related work, with special emphasis on "information support", that is, the * * * sharing mechanism of "centralized data collection and multi-party * * sharing of resources" was established, and according to the requirement of unconditionally providing information and data, information barriers were broken, departmental cycles were opened, and resource integration was promoted to realize intelligence. Emphasize the concept of "process reengineering", integrate the existing data resources and social service management resources of all parties in the region, comprehensively investigate the business needs of all levels and departments and the actual needs of residents, carefully sort out the business processes, business associations and information associations of various businesses, and simplify procedures, reduce links and re-engineer processes through circular exchange and intelligent push, so as to improve service efficiency and facilitate people to handle affairs. Pay attention to deep excavation, give full play to the role of information, and take advantage of this opportunity to recreate the business processes of various government functional departments.

Constructing e-government application system

Taking Shenzhen Weaving Project and Smart Futian Construction as an opportunity, and relying on the big data system network, Futian District Party Committee and District Government has made great efforts to build a perfect e-government application system for people's livelihood, and actively carried out business process reengineering on this basis, effectively improving the administrative efficiency and social governance capacity of Futian District.

Build "one library, one team, two networks and two systems". Database is a public information resource database, which is mainly composed of basic information database, business information database and subject information database. A team is a team of grid information personnel. Based on the community, it is divided into several basic grids, and each grid is equipped with a grid administrator who is responsible for collecting all kinds of information. These two networks are social management network and community home network. These two systems are comprehensive information acquisition system and decision analysis support system.

Construction of "secondary center, tertiary platform and tertiary library". This is the key construction content of wisdom Futian. The two-level centers are the district management operation center and the street management operation center. The third-level platform is a three-level working platform for streets, communities and grids. The four-level database is the database of districts, streets, communities and grids. The main purpose is to provide system support and technical support for all levels, units and systems in Futian District to comprehensively develop and utilize the comprehensive information system of "Web Weaving Project".

Building an administrative examination and approval system of "three halls in one" means comprehensively reforming the operation mode of the accreditation hall in the whole region, integrating the administrative service halls of districts and streets and the online service hall, creating a working mode of "comprehensive acceptance, backstage approval, unified accreditation, supervision and supervision" and realizing "one network, one window and one station" for all examination and approval matters. Its characteristics are as follows: First, sort out the list of powers and responsibilities for examination and approval. What ordinary people face is only business reasons, just a comprehensive acceptance window and a permit window, and they no longer face specific permit departments. The second is to implement parallel approval. For examination and approval matters involving multiple departments, according to the principle of "one-time acceptance, copying and reporting, simultaneous examination and approval, and time-limited completion", the government implements "joint examination and approval, joint office" and parallel examination and approval. The third is to achieve it as soon as possible. Applications with complete materials that do not require meetings or expert reviews or on-site visits will be processed immediately. The fourth is to achieve universal operation in the whole region. Residents in the jurisdiction can declare online, without time and geographical restrictions, and can handle affairs at any acceptance point in the jurisdiction. The fifth is to realize paperless authentication. Establish a database of licenses and certificates and compare them intelligently. Residents are no longer required to provide relevant paper certificates and copies. They only need to provide ID cards or enterprise code certificates, and strive to solve the problem of excessive application materials and repeated submission.

Construction of government credit information system. The construction of government credit information system is an active exploration in the field of social credit system construction in Futian District. Its main contents include: subject database of government credit information, government credit information management system, government credit service website and supporting measures of government credit information management, that is, "one database, one system, one website and one method". Its main construction contents are as follows: First, the integrity management norms. The second is the collection of credit information. The third is to establish a government credit information inquiry system to provide credit inquiry services.

Through the construction of big data system network and e-government application system, Futian District comprehensively sorts out all the data corresponding to government management services in the whole process of "natural person from birth to death, legal person from registration to cancellation, building from planning, construction to demolition", so as to realize information flow and intelligent push. Provide data specification and data support. Based on the integration and sharing of information resources, we extensively investigate the business needs of departments, clarify the business relationship and information association between departments, and re-create the workflow through department circulation, information collision and intelligent push, which effectively reduces the work links, simplifies the work procedures, improves the service efficiency and facilitates the people to do things. At the same time, with the gradual opening of government information resources to the society, all kinds of social organizations, enterprises and the public will be able to use basic data without privacy information reasonably and provide personalized services and value-added services for the society.

Find the breakthrough point of floating population's independent declaration

With the continuous development of society, population management is constantly encountering various challenges, which has increasingly become the focus and difficulty of social governance. The total population of Shenzhen is160,000, of which the registered population is 3 10/00,000 and the floating population is130,000. It is the city with the largest floating population in the Pearl River Delta and even the whole country, with large floating population, large mobility, large population, many rural hukou, many rental houses, many fellow villagers living together, many unemployed people, low age, low education level and rapid residential changes. The floating population in Shenzhen has brought great challenges and pressures to social construction and social governance, which makes Shenzhen face the inevitable population service and management problems in the process of urbanization earlier. To this end, Shenzhen regards how to effectively solve the dual structure of urban population, let the floating population better integrate into the city, * * * enjoy the fruits of reform and development, and * * * build a peaceful and harmonious society as the primary task of social construction and social management. Strengthening and improving the management of floating population has become an important starting point for improving social governance capacity and improving social governance mechanism. Through the construction of big data system network and e-government application system, Futian District of Shenzhen has innovatively carried out self-declaration of population information in population management, allowing urban citizens to participate in population information collection, which not only improves the efficiency of information collection, but also promotes the direction of population management to social governance.

Overall coordination. Futian District has built an information self-declaration service platform, supported by the city's "people, buildings and houses" database and the smart Futian database, strengthening three types of management, such as housing classification and color separation management, declaration information audit management and dispatch tracking performance management, promoting four types of services, such as legal publicity service, SMS reminder service, door-to-door accreditation service and data sharing service, and realizing convenient declaration, key control, downsizing and efficiency improvement, residents' autonomy and digitization. At the same time, by strengthening publicity and law enforcement verification, the social atmosphere of residents' law-abiding, self-management and respect for integrity will be realized, and the refined, digital and dynamic management level of social management will be further improved by using the concepts of grid, informationization and big data.

Build a platform. Provide a convenient and practical declaration platform. The first is to realize automatic registration and batch push; Second, the navigation guidance operation has been realized, and the grassroots and the masses have generally reflected it well, meeting the needs of information declaration and management; The third is to realize the declaration of mobile smart APP, and the masses can scan the QR code through their mobile phones and link to the mobile phone webpage window for declaration anytime and anywhere; The fourth is to realize that the parties only need to input two pieces of information to complete the declaration. At the same time, the Shenzhen General Administration Office provided Futian District with nearly 65,438+billion pieces of historical population information data in Shenzhen, which were used for data comparison and information migration of self-declaration, thus realizing the maximum convenient declaration.

Information statement. In the process of self-declaration of population information, Futian District adopts the operation mode of "voluntary declaration of most information and door-to-door collection and verification of a small amount of information". "Active declaration and on-site verification", Futian District directly stores most of the information declared in good faith, and the comprehensive administrator only conducts on-site verification on some doubtful information or undeclared personnel. After the implementation of self-declaration, the general manager put more energy into the key collection and deepening management of hidden dangers and incident information, and solidified the territorial management and refined collection through grid. Through data comparison and analysis, key groups such as prevention and control targets and women of childbearing age are screened out, and then grid staff collect and verify information such as disputes, incidents and family planning in a focused and targeted manner to ensure that the information is not affected.

Publicity and guidance. In the whole process of self-declaration, Futian District made full use of newspapers, radio stations, subways (buses), high-rise buildings and other platforms to carry out all-round, multi-angle and three-dimensional publicity with mobile TV, display boards, leaflets, posters and other media. The public's awareness rate and cooperation in self-declaration work have been significantly improved, forming a social atmosphere of self-declaration.

At the same time, in order to ensure the solid progress of independent declaration, Futian District vigorously carried out special law enforcement actions through warning law enforcement and joint law enforcement, and realized the "soft constraint" and "hard constraint" of independent declaration. The first is law enforcement; The second is to establish a "triple law enforcement" mechanism; The third is to carry out special law enforcement actions.

Strengthen supervision. Futian District has vigorously promoted the all-round development of independent declaration by establishing and improving the guidance and supervision mechanism. First, establish a two-level guidance and training mechanism; The second is to establish a weekly notification mechanism; The third is to implement the working mechanism of interview and promotion; The fourth is to implement the target quantification responsibility mechanism; The fifth is to establish an incentive mechanism.

Futian district has taken many measures to promote the independent declaration of population information, with unique concept and strong operability, and has achieved outstanding results after a period of work.

Deepen the reform of people's livelihood.

Urban community governance innovation is an important supporting point of social governance innovation, and the focus of community governance innovation is how to improve the mechanism and channels for community residents to participate in community governance, how to improve the enthusiasm of community residents for public participation in community governance, and how to cultivate and improve the community autonomy ability of community residents. Only community residents know their own community best, and know their own needs and preferences best. Therefore, innovating community governance and activating community residents' autonomy is an important way to guide the public to participate in social governance, and it is also an indispensable content to form a diversified social governance pattern. In terms of exploring innovation in community governance and activating community residents' autonomy, Futian District of Shenzhen City, through the reform of "people's livelihood is micro-practical", has innovatively embarked on a road of "self-management, self-service, self-education and self-supervision" for community residents by efficiently and quickly solving small things, urgent matters and difficulties that people urgently need and are generally concerned about.

The main content of the "people's livelihood micro-reality" reform is that Futian District People's Congress proposed that the district finance should arrange special funds to build small livelihood projects that community residents are generally concerned about and urgently need. "People's livelihood micro-practical" project is characterized by the lack of funds for a single project and the people's eagerness to solve it. The content mainly involves the maintenance of living facilities, environmental transformation, cultural services and so on. The Futian District Party Committee and District Government attached great importance to this reform and formulated the Work Guidelines for the People's Livelihood Reform Project in Futian District. At the same time, the reform is combined with the "residents' council" project innovatively launched by Futian District 20 12, and a "platform" with residents' council as the platform, residents' deliberation and collective decision-making as the content and rules of procedure as the guarantee is realized. The micro-practical projects of the "people's livelihood micro-practical" reform are all from residents. After all members of the residents' committee voted democratically, they were organized and implemented in accordance with the principle of "three discussions and three openness". "Three Discussions" means that community residents put forward projects, and the street Party Working Committee organizes workstations, neighborhood committees, the masses and experts to discuss, and the neighborhood committees make resolutions; "Three publicity" refers to the publicity of the resolution results, implementation process, implementation results and evaluation, and give full play to the role of residents' resolutions. The above measures have effectively stimulated the enthusiasm of residents in the area to participate in community management services, and brought into play the democratic and autonomous rights of residents in self-management, self-service, self-education and self-supervision.

Through the implementation of the "people's livelihood micro-practical" reform in Futian District, on the one hand, it can improve the efficiency of public service expenditure, enhance the satisfaction of community residents and improve the relationship between the party and the masses, on the other hand, it can effectively activate the vitality of community residents' self-management and cultivate their self-management ability. The "Residents' Council" platform in Futian District itself gathers representatives of various community organizations, elites, sages, registered and unregistered residents, and is the basic platform for community residents to fully express their public opinions. 20 14' s "people's livelihood micro-practical" reform project has made this democratic platform more grounded, meaningful and dynamic.

The "livelihood micro-practical" reform project is an attempt to solve the "last mile" problem of contacting and serving the masses in Futian District. Lianhua Street in Futian District starts with "small things" and is guided by problems, needs, actions and responsibilities, and constantly innovates the community management model. By creating an "interaction circle" between the party and the masses, a "service circle" for people's livelihood, a "rule of law circle" at the grass-roots level and a "self-governing circle" for residents, a community "ecological circle" with up-and-down interaction, mutual trust between the party and the masses, unified thinking, everyone's participation and harmonious neighborhood has been built.

Experience and Enlightenment of Social Governance Innovation in Futian District

Futian District takes the opportunity of web weaving project and smart city construction, combines the application of new technology with the innovation of social governance mechanism, and actively explores the mechanism of housing management, population management and social participation. These experiences have important theoretical and practical value for studying social governance methods under the background of big data.

Concept renewal is the premise of social governance innovation in the era of big data.

In today's era, with the development of Internet of Things, cloud computing, big data and mobile Internet, the traditional concepts of informationization and networking have been far from being able to adapt to the tremendous changes brought by the development of information technology to society and people's lives. At the same time, the traditional urban management, residents' service and social management model must also achieve major innovation through reform, in order to respond and meet the needs of all social subjects to participate in social governance in the era of big data in a timely manner. The practice in Futian District of Shenzhen City shows that a deep understanding of the correct and advanced concepts related to big data plays an important role in promoting urban transformation and upgrading, improving the capacity of sustainable development, enhancing the capacity of social governance, promoting the innovation of social governance mechanism, and promoting social governance to achieve refined management, intelligent service, scientific decision-making and high-end quality.

Mastering basic data is the foundation of social governance innovation in the era of big data.

In the era of big data, the data and information needed for social governance are growing rapidly, and a large number of basic data and information are needed for the development of various social construction work, the innovation of various social governance methods and the provision of various public services. If we don't have a lot of basic data and information or the information and data held by the government can't be updated in time, the government and all social subjects can't really understand the various needs of society in time, and we can't plan and choose reasonable ways and means to provide services.

In order to timely and accurately grasp the basic data of the whole city's communities, Shenzhen implemented the "Weaving Net Project" in the whole city, and began to comprehensively carry out community grid management from the end of 20 13. The main contents are as follows: According to the principle of "territorial management, street demarcation, moderate scale, seamless connection and dynamic management", urban communities are divided into a certain number of basic grids, which are the basic units of community service management and the docking basis for grid management by relevant functional departments.

First, scientifically divide the community basic grid. By the end of May 20 14, the whole city had divided 164 17 community basic grids. Second, in order to standardize the basic information collection behavior, unify the information collection projects, develop the terminal collection software of community comprehensive information system, and actively explore the methods and experiences of community basic data collection, transmission, diversion, cleaning and secondary application. The third is to coordinate the establishment of city and district grid management institutions. Fourth, actively and steadily promote the integration of grid management team, allocate posts and responsibilities to grid members according to the principle of "one grid member, separate procurement", and uniformly collect the information of real population, real legal person, real house (urban part) and real events (contradictions, disputes and hidden dangers) in the grid and provide them to the city's public information resource database. Fifth, organize PDA to collect information. According to the approved number of power grid employees, PDA equipment selection and bidding procurement are gradually implemented in each district. Grid workers use handheld mobile PDA devices and ID card readers to directly collect, input and upload population information on the spot. To enhance the effectiveness of information collection, we should also improve the quality of information collection, especially the photo upload rate and the integrity rate of population information elements.

Floating population management is an effective way to innovate social governance in the era of big data.

Modern society is a high-risk society. The more society develops, the more complex and fragile the social system becomes. Many social risks are invisible or latent, and the outbreak of risks is unpredictable and uncertain. In the era of globalization and informatization, the cross-regional flow of people, information, capital and resources is becoming more frequent and larger, which not only promotes social development, but also accelerates the spread and expansion of risks. After more than 30 years of reform, opening up and rapid development, China society has developed from a low-mobility society to a high-mobility society, and the scale of population mobility between different regions has been increasing. The scale of population movement and the expansion of social resources flow driven by it have greatly increased social mobility, strengthened and amplified various social risks, and brought great challenges to social governance.

Entering the era of big data, on the one hand, the floating population is larger and more mobile, which brings greater challenges to social governance. On the other hand, the adoption of new technologies, the deeper excavation and application of data value, the renewal of ideas, the transformation of government functions and the reengineering of business processes, and the continuous expansion of new channels of participation have also provided important opportunities and possibilities for improving the management efficiency and social governance capacity of floating population. The main difference between social management and social governance is that management focuses on the main role of the government, while governance focuses on the interaction of multiple subjects. The innovation and perfection of social governance can not be separated from the participation of all kinds of social subjects. Perfecting the mechanism and methods of floating population's participation in social governance and expanding the channels of floating population's participation are important contents to further improve China's social governance capacity and improve the governance mechanism.

Rental housing management is the joint of social governance in a highly mobile society. In the era of big data, society is also highly mobile. In the highly mobile flow of people, information, capital and logistics, property or houses are relatively stable, and the objects of social governance are mainly people and various social subjects. Any process of population movement or legal person change cannot be separated from the change of residence or registration place. Therefore, strengthening rental housing management is an important way to improve social governance capacity and strengthen the management of floating population. In 2007, Shenzhen took the lead in exploring the establishment of housing coding system in China. According to the principle of one code per household and unified numbering, unique house codes are set for all houses, including legal and illegal buildings, so as to realize full coverage of real houses and make electronic maps of houses. The house code shall be managed dynamically, and the house building code, house demolition cancellation, regular census and timely update shall be implemented. House code is not only an important basis for rental housing registration management, but also gradually applied to all aspects of urban management such as residence permit issuance and gatehouse management.

Building a service-oriented government is the key to social governance innovation in the era of big data.

In the era of big data, the innovation of social governance methods must transform government functions, build a service-oriented government, make full use of big data systems, improve the government's convenience service level and improve government administrative efficiency. Judging from the practice in Futian District, from all-staff door-to-door collection to targeted door-to-door verification, it more reflects the real change of the government's concept and action from "focusing on management" to "focusing on service", and the service mode of checking information is more easily accepted by the public and avoids repeated nuisance. In addition, through the collision with the comprehensive database of Wisdom Futian, the application data will randomly flow between the service halls and service windows of various districts, streets and communities. Citizens can use the application data to apply for residence permits, children's enrollment, family planning, old-age subsidies and other services at any nearby service window, reducing the submission and review of a large number of paper materials and improving work efficiency. At the same time, starting with the "small things" closely related to community residents can effectively promote the transformation of urban community governance in China from government management to community residents' autonomy, which is conducive to building the most solid public opinion and mass foundation for social governance.

At the same time, the government changed from collecting information from all families to actively reporting most of the information. The government uses limited resources for the management of minority key groups, which makes the allocation of government resources more reasonable and realizes the transformation from social management to social governance. In addition, self-declaration is no longer the door-to-door collection of sea tactics, but only the targeted door-to-door verification and door-to-door service of the self-declaration information. All streets will use the released human and financial resources for people's livelihood services, stabilize the team, optimize the structure, and mobilize the enthusiasm of grassroots frontline staff. After the implementation of self-declaration, the number of comprehensive managers in the whole region decreased by 1 1%, and the reduction of staff and the increase of efficiency initially appeared.

The above is what Bian Xiao shared for you about social governance innovation in the era of big data. For more information, you can pay attention to Global Ivy and share more dry goods.