How to deal with the high ammonia nitrogen in pond water?

First, control the input of exogenous nutrients.

Eutrophication of most water bodies is mainly caused by the enrichment of nutrients imported from outside. If the nutrient input from the outside is reduced or cut off, the water body will lose the possibility of nutrient enrichment. Therefore, we should first focus on reducing or cutting off the input of external nutrients and controlling exogenous nutrients. We should start with the control of man-made pollution sources, accurately investigate the main sources of nutrients discharged into water bodies, monitor the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater and sewage discharged into water bodies, and calculate the total amount of nitrogen and phosphorus discharged each year, so as to provide reliable scientific basis for implementing the control measures of exogenous nutrients.

Second, reduce the load of endogenous nutrients.

The spatial and temporal distribution of nutrients imported into lakes and other water bodies is very complicated. Nitrogen and phosphorus may be absorbed and utilized by aquatic organisms in water, or dissolved in water in the form of soluble salts, or settled through complex physical and chemical reactions and biological actions, and accumulated in sediments, or released from sediments into water. Different methods should be taken according to different conditions to reduce endogenous nutrient load and effectively control phosphorus enrichment in lakes. The main methods are:

1. Engineering measures: including dredging sediment, deep aeration of water body, water injection for dilution, and laying plastic on the surface of sediment. Excavating sediments can reduce or even eliminate potential internal pollution sources; Deep aeration can supplement oxygen by artificial deep aeration at the bottom of the lake regularly or irregularly, so that there is no anaerobic layer between the interface of water and sediment, and it is always aerobic, which is beneficial to inhibit the release of phosphorus in sediment. In addition, if conditions permit, the concentration of nutrients can be diluted by injecting water with low phosphorus and low nitrogen concentration into the lake.

2. Chemical method: This method includes coagulation and sedimentation and chemical agents to kill algae. For example, there are many kinds of cations that can effectively precipitate phosphorus from aqueous solution, among which iron, aluminum and calcium are the most valuable, which are relatively cheap, and all of them can form insoluble precipitates with phosphate. Another method is to kill algae with algaecide. This method is suitable for water bodies with serious water blooms. After the algaecide kills the algae, the algae will still release phosphorus when it decomposes. Therefore, the killed algae should be fished out in time, or appropriate chemicals should be added to explain the phosphate deposition released by algae decomposition.

3. Microbial addition method: adding a proper amount of microorganisms (various strains) to accelerate the decomposition of pollutants in water and purify water. The reproduction speed of microorganisms is amazing, increasing geometrically. Microorganisms decompose organic matter in water during reproduction, and absorb the decomposed nutrients as their own individual nutrition source. Their growth is greatly influenced by the environment, such as PH value, temperature, air pressure, dissolved oxygen in water and so on.

To treat water with microorganisms, a series of professional treatment processes such as screening, culture, preservation and rejuvenation of microorganisms must be carried out regularly to ensure the health of microbial cells. In natural systems, water coexists with animals, plants and microorganisms. Water provides the source of life for biological communities, and in turn, biological communities purify water, forming a natural purification mechanism of water bodies. Before the appearance of human beings, nature operated according to this law, keeping rivers and lakes clean. A basic law is that in a sound ecosystem, clean water quality is an inevitable result.

The self-purification ability of natural water body is mainly the result of the interaction of various organisms (especially microorganisms) in water body. The water body is polluted because the "material load" introduced into it exceeds the speed of biological "digestion and self-purification". In a closed aquatic ecosystem, when the speed of foreign substances entering the biosphere exceeds the speed of their own food chain circulation, some links in the food chain will be unbalanced. At this time, if no measures are taken to adjust the population quantity or structure (such as taking part of the population out of the water surface or artificially putting it into other populations to inhibit population growth), the ecological balance of the water body will be destroyed and the water quality will deteriorate.

Using the existing microorganisms, domesticate and cultivate microorganisms adapted to local conditions, and then further screen the cultured microorganisms to screen out strains with strong physiological activity, and then multiply them in large quantities and put them into water. In order to ensure that the screened microorganisms can maintain good activity, they have been in an efficient working state. In daily work, microorganisms must be screened, preserved and rejuvenated regularly to minimize the influence of variation on microorganisms and maintain the stability of microbial species, which is also one of the key factors for the stability of water quality in ecological water treatment. Improve the environmental capacity of water body and enhance the self-purification ability of water body.

Microorganisms, especially nitrogen cycling bacteria, play an important role in the self-purification ability of water bodies. Mineralization and decomposition of organic matter, gasification of nitrogen; The deposition and fixation of phosphorus salt at the bottom of the lake can not be separated from the role of phosphorus accumulating bacteria. There are many kinds of bacterial communities near aquatic plants in nature, which are far richer than those in free water.

It is very important to develop artificial vectors and optimize efficient bacterial populations. The optimized artificial carrier is used to cultivate optimized nitrogen cycling bacteria and release them into natural water. Natural organisms are the primary carriers, other artificial carriers and sediments are the secondary carriers, and suspended solids in water are the tertiary carriers. The aerobic-anaerobic, nitrification-denitrification conditions, which were mainly based on the water-soil interface in the original desert waters, were extended to the water surface and water body, which strengthened the bacterial concentration and increased the purification capacity of the system.

4. Biological measures:

★ Planting aquatic plants: emergent plants, floating plants, large floating plants, epiphytic algae, phytoplankton and submerged plants.

A method of removing nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients from water by using aquatic organisms to absorb and utilize nitrogen and phosphorus elements for metabolic activities. Aquatic plants, including Eichhornia crassipes, Phragmites australis, Typha Typha, Jairo, Sargassum Multiflorum and Chlamydomonas. Wait. And can be properly selected and planted according to different climatic conditions and the nature of pollutants. The characteristics of water purification by aquatic plants are that large aquatic plants are the main body, and plants and root zone microorganisms coexist, resulting in synergistic effect and purifying sewage. Nitrogen, phosphorus and suspended particles are removed by plant direct absorption, microbial transformation, physical adsorption and precipitation, and heavy metal molecules are also degraded. Aquatic plants generally grow fast and can be fermented to be used as fuel, feed or biogas after harvest. This is an important measure to control lake eutrophication at home and abroad.

★ Feeding aquatic animals: Benthic animals such as snails and mussels can filter suspended solids and eat biological debris, and their secretions have flocculation effect. Snails have the function of scraping algae, and shrimp and some kinds of fish can eat algae, debris and zooplankton. These animals, as supplementary components of healthy aquatic ecosystem, also play an important role. According to the specific environment of the water body, put suitable aquatic animals, such as fish and benthos.

★ Establishment of artificial ecosystem: The artificial ecosystem forms multiple food chains by planting aquatic plants and raising fish, ducks and geese. There are not only decomposers, producers, but also consumers, who work together to treat and utilize pollutants in sewage more effectively, thus forming many food chains and criss-crossing food web ecosystems. A good ecological balance system can be established by maintaining appropriate quantity ratio and energy ratio between different trophic levels. When a certain amount of sewage enters this ecological pond, the organic pollutants in it are not only degraded and purified by bacteria and fungi, but the final products of its degradation, some inorganic compounds as carbon sources, nitrogen sources and phosphorus sources, take solar energy as the initial energy source, participate in the metabolic process in the food web, gradually migrate and transform from low trophic level to high trophic level, and finally transform into aquatic crops, fish, shrimp, mussels, geese, ducks and other products. People can not only keep taking away these multiplied products.