How to solve external challenges and institutional bottlenecks through deepening reform

County economy refers to various economic institutions in towns and rural areas, the junction of regional economy, folk economy, macro-economy and micro-economy, the connection point between urban economy and rural economy during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and the basic unit of county administrative division. The integrated development of economy, society and culture in thousands of counties has gradually taken shape, and the county economy has become an important foundation for the operation and development of people's economy. Manage the political calendar of the county, ensure the stability of the country, and ensure that the fundamental policy of the 16th Central Committee is not clear. The Third, Fourth and Fifth Plenary Sessions of the 16th CPC Central Committee all emphasized the need to develop county economy, which fully reflected that the CPC Central Committee attached great importance to the development of county economy, and county economy ushered in development opportunities. By analyzing the bottleneck and restrictive factors of Gucheng county economic development, this paper puts forward some thoughts on accelerating county economic development. Breaking through the ideological bottleneck, promoting conceptual innovation, eliminating the resistance to the development of county economy, and releasing the tide of market economy through reform have impacted countless cadres and masses in the county, jumped out of the traditional mode of thinking, dared to break innovation, changed the ideological concepts of cadres and masses in the Ministry, adapted to the development requirements of the new situation, and were old and stable, conservative and innovative, afraid of attracting investment, fearing the outflow of fat and water, fearing bankruptcy, fearing the loss of assets, fearing lease buyout, fearing making a fortune, and being slow to recognize opportunities. Cadres have a low level of understanding of traditional habits, modern style, their own phenomena and economic laws; Understand the production process, but less about marketing; Knowing administrative management and capital operation, only supporting anti-rash comments on structural adjustment, fiddling with enterprise restructuring, destroying the plasticity of the city, attracting investment, and developing some ideological tendencies that are incompatible with the innovative thinking needed for development, hindering economic development and emancipating the mind. Conservative ideas can hardly promote a new round of development of county economy. We must always emancipate our minds and seek truth from facts. We must establish a new concept of development. We must firmly establish the concept of industrialization, industrialization and urbanization as the development path of county economy. We must establish a new concept of conditions. The core of industrial county economy development is industrialization privatization, urbanization promotes industrialization and consciously promotes industrialization, and developing industrial economy is the primary task of developing county economy. We should really lock our minds, focus on industrial responsibilities, care about industrial forms, talk about development, and grasp the strong atmosphere of the industry. Second, we must establish a new concept of conditions. Advantages and disadvantages can indeed guide the transformation of advantages. We must seize the opportunity, seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, and forge ahead. Anything will do. Third, we must establish a new concept of resources to replace the knowledge economy. The development of county economy depends not only on its own resources, but also on resources such as science and technology, talents and management. Fourth, we must establish a new market concept and insist on fully introducing funds, technologies and projects from domestic and foreign markets. Fifth, we should establish new concepts and strive to achieve four changes: (1) from focusing on the overall situation to focusing on the overall situation, and concentrate all our efforts to break through the overall situation; (2) from habitual production to marketization, insisting on market demand to guide production and quality pricing, and strengthening management; (3) from habitual administrative orders to demonstration services, and setting up demonstration services for the masses to see and win; and (4) from habitual arrangements to deployment. Avoid floating wind and advocate hard work; Stop pushing the wind, advocate responsibility, grasp implementation, work hard and seek development. The second is to break through the structural bottleneck, promote industrial innovation, enhance the strength of county economic development, and optimize and upgrade the process of county economic development. At present, whether the industrial structure, product structure, property right structure and enterprise organization structure discussed in county economy can meet the needs of market economy development. The economic structure of Gucheng County in the mountainous area of northwest Hubei Province has been improved. At present, the county economic structure is relatively reasonable. The products of Industrial Valley City are truly fuel-efficient, which can be called brand-name front axle, camel battery, cotton yarn and other products in the same market. However, there are five or five problems in the product structure, namely, there are few traditional products and few new products; Labor-intensive products have high technical content and few products; Road products have few famous brand products; Less domestic products; There are few disadvantages of supporting products and end products. The market share of products is limited to high value-added technologies, and the high value-added industrial system has not yet formed. The phenomenon of product convergence between regions is serious, the whole problem has not been fundamentally solved, and the correlation between several enterprises is low. It is difficult to form the overall competitiveness of participating in the international market. Need improvement. Although the adjustment of agricultural structure has achieved remarkable results, traditional farming and aquaculture still dominate agricultural industrialization. The ability of related industries is strong enough, and the advantages of agricultural resources have not really been transformed into economic advantages, industrial advantages and market advantages. Low level of agricultural science and technology; The comparative advantages of areas with similar regional structures have not been fully utilized by tourism owners. Although the tertiary industry has made great efforts, it has obviously promoted the county economy. The private economy is still satisfied with the lack of suppliers to run projects and establish enterprises. At present, the strategic adjustment of industrial structure is still the main line of county economic development. Location, resources and economic base are different. In essence, the county economy needs to develop its own economic characteristics to be influential and competitive. To develop county economy, we must adhere to the comparative advantages of research institutes and international and domestic markets, identify the position of self-improvement, and be fully specialized and refined. Specifically, Gucheng industry should do everything possible to strengthen its advantageous industries in accordance with the general idea of grasping the market period and talents in the development period in the near future. Adhere to the development of high-tech industries, transform traditional industries, focus on cultivating characteristic industries of automobile parts, textiles and clothing, hydropower generation and chemical building materials in four counties, support the development of advantageous industries and leading enterprises, and promote the rapid growth of industrial economy. We should adhere to the concept of relaxation industry, accelerate the adjustment of agricultural structure, adhere to the direction of specialization, marketization and industrialization, and improve the scale level of characteristic industries such as tea, pepper, vegetables and seed production. Strive to cultivate leading enterprises in agricultural industrialization management; Cultivate well-known agricultural brands, promote the standardization of agricultural products, improve the competitiveness of agricultural products, improve the internal structure of the tertiary industry, and promote the coordinated development of the traditional tertiary industry. According to the overall requirements of the economic and social development of Gucheng County, the development priorities of the tertiary industry, such as commerce and trade circulation, transportation, finance and housing industry, should be consolidated and improved. Cultivate new economic growth points of the tertiary industry. Efforts should be made to develop emerging industries such as tourism, community service, information service, culture and social security, especially to strengthen planning awareness and strengthen industry management and improvement. It is necessary to improve the level of organization, expand publicity and investment promotion, attract overseas tourists, and strive to improve the level of tourism reception; It is necessary to make a fuss about new scenic spots and new projects, speed up the development of tourism resources, and build a county with strong tourism economy in the province. Breaking through the bottleneck of funds, promoting mechanism innovation and injecting vitality into the development of county economy. In recent years, the sources of investment in county economy are less and less influenced by factors such as policy adjustment, especially in underdeveloped areas, where banks rely on loans more and more weakly. The more they quit, the more they rely on support to win funds. The more they attract investment, the more they are influenced by policy regulators. The more they reduce their support for county economy and weaken the ability of county governments to regulate county economic development. The less they support the development of county economy with weak finance, the less commercial banks adopt the strategy of "letting the bottom go", and the total amount of county credit decreases, making it difficult to support county industrialization. Scale management occupies the main position of county economy. There are ten difficult problems in enterprise loans. There are few restructuring and merger of professional commercial banks, and the loan authority of counties and county branches is limited. The amount of deposits absorbed by the county is converted into the funds needed for the development of the county economic city to meet the needs. Projects should be built, and enterprises should accumulate, self-destruct, expand and reproduce. The status quo is unsustainable or even shrinking, which seriously affects the development of county economy. With the implementation of the new fiscal and taxation system, the fiscal policy will be cancelled. Working capital policy finance is mainly used to ensure and stabilize grain, and there is no money to cultivate development strength. Financial support for economic development is weak. Because the county economy has sufficient hematopoietic function and blood transfusion ability, the trend of economic growth is more obvious. 1994 The reform of tax system and financial system was sporadic. It is difficult to collect taxes, it is difficult to collect taxes at the county level, and rigid support is increasing. In particular, the current county-level institutions emphasize that the population is under the pressure of bloated financial support. The function of county-level finance is to eat finance, even semi-starvation finance. The county-level budget revenue is only 92 yuan, and the financial support staff is 95,000 yuan. I think the central, provincial and municipal governments should increase their support, expand the economic management authority of counties (cities) and increase financial and tax support, adjust and improve the financial system in accordance with the requirements of giving, taking, benefiting and releasing, and set up special funds for county economic development in accordance with the principle of tax enjoyment and tilting towards counties (cities) to guide and promote county economic development. The central province should increase the transfer payment, just like the counties (cities) with strong fiscal revenue and great contribution to the economy. The province should give certain rewards and financial support. All kinds of financial institutions should support the development of county economy and strive to improve the financing environment of enterprises. County (city) financial institutions should absorb a certain proportion of deposits to support economic development and accelerate the establishment of enterprise credit guarantee system. Credit guarantee companies should implement tax reduction and exemption policies according to regulations and appropriately expand credit guarantee multiples; Establish a credit rating system that adapts to the characteristics of county (city) enterprises; Support county (city) advantageous enterprises, pillar enterprises and high-tech enterprises. Standardize the shareholding system reform, cultivate the resources of municipal companies, encourage dragon enterprises to connect with the enterprise board market or overseas capital market, and the county itself should overcome the problems of waiting for, relying on and wanting to connect with the market and solve the problem of capital investment by market means. We should focus on developing the project economy to attract investment, carefully analyze the investment orientation of researchers and choose projects, and actively strive for the support of family members. It is necessary to give full play to the advantages of location, resources and industry, focus on expanding the internal, material and intellectual resources of Panxian County, broaden the channels for attracting investment, promote investment and development, fully implement the construction of strategic projects driven by projects, promote the development of county economy and accelerate the development of urban economy. Break the pattern of urban and rural areas, make overall plans for urban and rural development, improve the comprehensive functions of county towns, adhere to the combination of urban construction and industrial park construction, encourage all kinds of enterprises, funds, talents and technology to guide rural population to gather in cities and towns, accelerate the process of urbanization and accelerate urban development. The system of central towns in counties and towns has gradually taken shape. Standardize the construction and management services of industrial parks, and give play to the effects of industrial clusters, factor agglomeration, resource intensive and talent agglomeration in industrial parks. Third, to increase investment, we must develop the private economy in an all-round way to solve the problems of sufficient entrepreneurial resources and competitiveness in the development of county economy. The principle of liberalization is to resolutely break the ideological system that affects the development of the private economy, and the private economy will quickly create a more relaxed environment. After the reform of collective enterprises, property rights are replaced and private enterprises are examined and approved. On the other hand, domestic and foreign investment, strong approval of private enterprises, so that private economy can stimulate private investment, stimulate the county's economic entities to save deposits, and gradually form a unitary investment system for social capital entities. Develop the rural economy, attract investment to develop the rural economy, gather private capital, rely on the wisdom of the people to realize the systematic project of enriching the people, and attract foreign affairs, private property management, commodity marketing, enterprise production technology and personnel with funds and technology. Take talents to the countryside to develop industries. Fourth, break through the institutional bottleneck, promote institutional innovation and promote the development of county economy. Institutional innovation can stimulate the development of county economy. At the beginning of the 20th century, the household contract system was implemented to innovate and liberate agricultural production and promote the economic development of large agricultural counties. In the early 1990s, the rise of township enterprises and rural industrial innovation made the county economy develop rapidly and entered a new stage. The development of county economy of Zhuang nationality needs system innovation, especially in underdeveloped and backward areas of China. It is particularly important that institutional innovation has entered a leap period, including land circulation, agricultural industrialization, rural economic organizations, farmers' household registration system, property rights system reform of county enterprises and other fields, which will promote new development effects of county economy in the new stage. To promote the innovation of county economic system in the new stage, we should grasp several aspects: make clear the objectives of the innovation of county economic system in the new stage, that is, adjust and improve the agricultural production system, land system and property right system, remove the obstacles that hinder the industrialization of county economy, and accelerate the free flow of urban and rural production factors (labor, capital, technology, etc.). ), promote industrial integration, reorganize the basis of enterprise market mechanism and adapt to the requirements of market economy. Second, we should actively cultivate the rural land use right market, promote land circulation among farmers, stabilize land, and realize agricultural scale operation in the form of contract relationship basically obtaining farmers' land use right, anti-leasing and anti-contracting; Third, innovate county economic organizations to develop new cooperative economic organizations, and adopt the principle of "long pull, service organization alliance, professional market pull and equal energy band" to develop new cooperative economic organizations. All forms should adhere to the principles of voluntary organization, mutual assistance and cooperation, ensuring the operation of the interest market, democratic decision-making and gradual improvement. Fourth, accelerate the reform of property rights system of county enterprises, promote the privatization of county enterprises, and establish the main position of private economy in county economy. Break through the bottleneck of conditions, promote environmental innovation and enhance the attractiveness of county economic development. Because the government focuses on supporting the development of county economy, the environment is particularly hard, and urban competition, the development of county economy in mountainous areas is more restricted by the hard environment. Although the road construction in Gucheng County is far from the actual needs of economic development; Although communication has not developed much in recent years, it can contact the outside world conveniently and quickly; Although the scale of urban grade improvement is stronger than functional attraction; The infrastructure construction of agricultural products lags behind, the hidden dangers of ponds and reservoirs in rural water conservancy facilities exist for a long time, and the ability of agricultural products to resist self-disasters is weak; Adequate power facilities and power supply; As the carrier of modern industrial development, Gucheng Industrial Park has just started, and the management level of infrastructure and service awareness is difficult to form. The effect of capital and industrial agglomeration is influenced by the hard environment, because the development of resources is higher than others. I compare the prices of selling the same products; Foreign investment profits drive enterprises to enter the market, the product environment is difficult to restrict, and the economic extroversion is low. In some soft environments, there is a tendency of government power to be departmental, departmental and public, and the phenomenon of "eating and getting cards" is serious, which affects investment attraction and hinders the development of county economy. With China's entry into WTO, the county economy has been fully integrated into the world economy.