Mianchi Wanyang international property

I believe everyone is familiar with the battle of Changping.

This is a protracted war of attrition, which is related to the national luck of Qin and Zhao.

It was also the largest siege war in ancient China.

Lian Po and Tian Lei, two famous soldiers, will take part in the command. Zhao Kuo contributed the classic idiom "On paper".

Under Shangdang Highland, the souls of 450,000 Zhao's passionate men lie in the grave.

It is only a matter of time before the Qin soldiers baptized by the battle of Changping complete the reunification of the six countries.

The battle of Changping broke out in 260 BC, at the end of the Warring States Period, about 40 years after Ying Zheng unified the six countries.

At this time, Qin has become the strongest country among the nations. Let's first analyze the situation of the Seven Heroes in the Warring States Period.

After the battle of yique in 293 BC opened the way to the central plains, Qin continued to attack Sanjin and gradually compressed its living space.

At this time, the State of Qi was far away from the struggle of the State of Qin. After the vigorous governance of Wang Wei and Xuanwang, the national strength of the State of Qi was extremely strong. Even in 288 BC, Qin and the King of Qin called each other "East and West Emperors", which is evident.

However, King Qi Jin conquered the Song State with his arrogance, occupied the richest pottery art at that time, and almost doubled his territory, which made the other six countries very frightened.

So under the leadership of Yan, the five countries launched a crusade against Qi, and Qi was beaten to only two cities and almost destroyed the country. King Qi Jin was also skinned and cramped, and his death was extremely tragic.

Since then, qi has been on the sidelines and has not participated in international affairs.

Then talk about the southern power-Chu. Chu has gone downhill since he lost Hanzhong and went to Shang Yong during the Huai Dynasty. Qin has been eating away at Chu.

After Qi was badly weakened, Qin sent Bai Qi to lead an army to attack the core hinterland of Chu. In 278 BC, the battle between Yan and Yong occupied Ying, the capital of Chu. Chu was forced to move the capital, of course, to cede territory for peace.

Since then, Chu has gradually changed from a big country in the south to an "oriental country", and has formed a complete east-west confrontation with Qin.

Yan is located in the northeast border, and its national strength has been at the bottom of the seven countries, so I won't say much. South Korea has a small territory, Wei has declined, and Zhao benefited from Zhao Wuling's riding and shooting, and carried out military reforms, and its military strength was comparable to that of Qin.

In addition, Zhao opened up a lot of land to the north and defeated the Xiongnu. Under the situation at that time, Zhao became the mainstay of the six eastern countries against Qin's eastward advance and withdrawal.

Zhao is regarded as a thorn in Qin's side and a thorn in his flesh.

Zhao Kuo's father, Zhao She, also defeated the State of Qin in the battle with him, and was named Ma Fujun, which was also the prelude to the battle of Changping in Qin and Zhao.

Although Zhao was Qin's greatest enemy militarily, it was South Korea that blocked Qin's way out.

Both the northern and western Henan passages in the south are under the control of South Korea. If Qin wants to start a bloody battle in the Central Plains, it must first defeat South Korea.

Qin captured the wild king and divided North and South Korea into two parts.

Then Qin Jun went north to eat Shangdang Highland, the southwest corner of the isolated Shaanxi Plateau.

Zhao Haoqi of Qin intended to deter South Korea by military means, so as to achieve the goal of "dividing territory for peace", and then get rid of the potential threat of Qin to the fragile ties in South Korea in foreign wars.

However, a series of regional conquests and occupations have promoted the connection of regional space and changed the geopolitical pattern between countries.

Faced with the issue of Shangdang's ownership, South Korea's internal political views are at odds. Shangdang county magistrate believed that Qin cut off the channel between Shangdang and Jingshi, and the two places could not establish contact, so it was impossible for Korean troops to confront each other alone.

After several fierce quarrels between North Korea and China, South Korea decided to "harm the north", incarnate "ancient" Chamberlain, implement appeasement policy, and cede Shangdang area to Zhao.

Its wishful thinking is wonderful: Zhao will inevitably take over Shangdang area for geostrategic reasons, then Qin will definitely be furious and attack Zhao. If Zhao is attacked by Qin, it will definitely be close to South Korea.

Why is South Korea so sure that Zhao will take the baton? First of all, Zhao's territory on the Loess Plateau is linked together and has the ability to control Shangdang Basin. Zhao also "shattered the invincible myth" in the battle with Tan!

Secondly, if Qin Re joins the Party, he can go straight to Handan and Zhao will be forced into danger.

Therefore, Zhao Junchen knew that South Korea was leading Qin Jun to himself, and he had to do so. Shangdang area is an important barrier to protect Zhao!

So the prince of Zhao ordered Ping Yuanjun to take over Shangdang area.

Seeing that Shangdang area was about to fall into its own hands, the State of Qin was cut off by Zhao. I am so angry!

Qin Zhao is an old enemy.

Tried to play white wolf intimidation with empty gloves, but Cui didn't succeed.

In Mianchi, Lin Xiangru once again humiliated Zhao Haoqi in A Qin.

At the same time, Zhao She shattered his invincible myth.

Now he worked so hard to join the Party that he was cut off by Zhao Guoren.

Qin people, this time, we will settle old and new accounts together!

In 260 BC, Wang Bi led the Qin army to capture the Shangdang area taken over by Zhao Guoxin. Zhao sent Lian Po, a famous soldier, to meet them.

Lian Po quickly chose Changping, Shangdang area, as the main battlefield of defense, and laid out three lines of defense, namely, Kongcangling Line, Danshui Line and Bailishi Line, by virtue of the dangerous terrain, and fortified them layer by layer.

Qin Jun did win many local victories, but it was always difficult to overcome the obstacles of the Zhao army and cross the Danzhuling and Jinquanshan defense lines.

Lian Po realized that Qin Jun was fighting far away from the core area of the capital, and there was a problem with food supply. In the newly occupied Shangdang western region, based on the military intention of being unstable and striving for a quick victory, Zhao Jun changed his strategy and built barriers to defend, hoping to turn a quick victory into a protracted war.

Guanzhong area, the core of Qin State, is far away from Shangdang area, and the supply of grain and grass logistics is difficult. Zhao Jun has the advantage of local operations.

Qin Jun challenged many times, but Zhao Jun always stuck to his guns. Just as Sima Yi should not be called Zhuge Liang, he just camped out.

Zhao wanted to fight a war of attrition with Qin State with the help of the logistical advantages of local operations, which made it impossible to support such a large-scale operation. When forced to retreat, Zhao fought again.

But in the war, the final fight is comprehensive national strength. When the consumption of Qin was almost unsustainable, Zhao was about to run out of water. Although Qin's supply line is extremely long, it can still be transported by water, but it only transports materials on the steep loess plateau, and the manpower consumption is not much less than that of Qin.

At this time, the prince of Zhao could not help but worry. I'm afraid Mr. Zhao can't bear it if this continues. On the one hand, he urged Lian Po to play, and at the same time began to consider a truce.

The prince of Zhao still couldn't sit still, so he sent someone into the state of Qin to make peace. On the one hand, Fan Sui, an important official of Qin State, made a false promise to alleviate Qin Jun's predicament when attending the banquet; On the other hand, the news of the Qin-Zhao peace talks was widely publicized, which prevented other countries from taking the opportunity to attack Qin.

Originally, all other countries were afraid of offending Qin, so Zhao's situation was even more isolated.

Qin quickly began to practice double espionage.

The key to a quick victory is Lian Po, who is as steady as a coward and doesn't fight at all.

In order to get rid of Lian Po, Zhao was sent to spread rumors that Lian Po was senile and ready to surrender. The innuendo of Qin people is still afraid to think of Zhao She. Zhao Kuo, his son, has excellent anti-Qin genes, so he is naturally the bane of Qin people.

The battle of Kui Qin mentioned above is a battle to win Qin under the leadership of Zhao She. This historical memory gave Zhao Kuo a certain political and military fantasy, hoping that Zhao Kuo could reproduce his parents' abilities.

Wang Zhao's character is radical, and he thinks that Lian Po's method is too conservative, and it is not the way to not fight all the time. So, Zhao's commander-in-chief was replaced by Zhao Kuo.

Zhao Kuo, who read Sun Tzu's The Art of War as a child, argued with his father Zhao She many times, and often he couldn't even tell his father apart.

But Zhao She has always commented that his son is too arrogant and doesn't care about the life and death of soldiers, in other words, he lacks humanistic care. Zhao She always thought that his son could not command the army, which was extremely dangerous.

Later, all 450,000 Zhao troops died because of him, which can be described as an Oracle.

In fact, Zhao Wang also had to change his generals. Zhao's resources and national strength do not allow Lian Po to continue to get along with the people of Qin for such a long time.

Win or lose, the arrow is on the string and you have to send it. You have to fight a war to get a chance!

After learning that Zhao Kuo was replaced by Zhao, the State of Qin was ecstatic. So he secretly changed his master from Wang Bi to Tian Lei!

Defeated 240,000 allied forces of Korea and Wei, and breached Tian Lei, the god of war in the capital of Chu!

He is about to come to the most magnificent battlefield in his career, and he is truly crowned as "killing God", stained with the blood of 450,000 Zhao Warriors.

The item of the state of Qin ordered a tight blockade of the news of the change of generals in the state of Qin. Zhao was too scared to go to war, and Qin lured the snake out of the hole in vain.

After Zhao Kuo came to Changping, he replaced all his important positions with his own faction cronies, changed Lian Po's previous defensive measures, and prepared to attack with all his might.

Tian Lei adopted the strategy of luring the enemy in depth, giving Zhao Kuo a little confidence first. He ordered the army to pretend to be defeated and led Zhao to Qin Jun.

Then block Zhao's retreat in two ways, and intercept Zhao for 25 thousand Indiana Jones all the way; Another route army went around the rear of Zhao, blocking the supply of grain roads and forming a siege.

Qin Jun's main force is desperately trying to stop Zhao's attack, from the front of the main force to deploy reinforcements, quickly rushed to the Danshui defense line, dividing Zhao's army into two and a half.

Zhao's army was divided into two parts: the frontal defense line, the fresh water defense line, the baili Stone Great Wall Scienc Spot Science Point defense line and the cavalry troops on the left and right wings.

Zhao Junjin couldn't conquer the barriers in Qin Jun, but if he retreated, it would be difficult to integrate the army and there was no food supply.

400,000 defense lines and terrain surrounded 450,000 Zhao troops! Moreover, the interior is divided into two parts, and the head and tail cannot be taken care of.

Tian Lei, the god of war, is really a big deal!

Tian Lei ordered the attack in turn, which hit Zhao's morale. After many twists and turns, Zhao was unable to resist, so he turned to build a wall and stuck to it to help him with food.

Zhao Haoqi of the State of Qin, after learning that Zhao was short of food, went to Hanoi in person and called on all local men 15 or more to go to Changping battlefield. The first level is to move the people to Changping and block Zhao's food supply source.

Zhao is in a dilemma and can only fight to the death.

These forty days, in fact, Zhao Kuo showed a very high command quality, far from being so useless as criticized by later generations. For more than forty days, there was no civil strife or rebellion in Zhao, but the organizational system always made Qin people highly nervous.

Therefore, Zhao Kuo should be criticized as an armchair strategist, but after all, he is the son of Zhao She, and his basic military literacy is still extremely high. Being able to unite Zhao as one and fight to the death is the best embodiment of his military ability.

Zhao Jun didn't eat for 46 days, and there was even a tragedy of "people eating people" in the army.

Zhao Kuo can no longer lay down and die, and ordered a desperate breakthrough. He ordered an adventurous four teams to break through, and Qin Jun was already ready. Although many times to kill, but can't save the defeat.

Zhao Kuo was shot, and more than 400,000 soldiers of Zhao surrendered to Qin. In the face of the withdrawal of hundreds of thousands of Zhao soldiers, Bai Qi thought: "Qian Qin has joined the Party, and Shangdang people are unwilling to return to Zhao for Qin's sake. Zhao Bing repeatedly killed it, fearing chaos. "

Why did Tian Lei think that these Zhao soldiers must be killed? First, Qin Jun used beheading to calculate his military achievements. Secondly, in the late Warring States period, the war between great powers was not only to simply occupy territory and cities, but to destroy the enemy's effective strength.

If these 40,000 or 50,000 Zhao troops are raised as prisoners. Since this war, Qin has been greatly weakened, and it is difficult to accommodate hundreds of thousands of mature men who "fell from the sky". If Zhao is put back, it is tantamount to releasing the tiger to the mountain.

If we gradually "naturalize" them and integrate them into Qin Jun, it will not be easy! More importantly, there is a major threat of renewed rebellion. Hundreds of thousands of Zhao rebels, much worse than Chen Sheng and!

If Tian Lei were any general of Qin Jun, in the face of so many casualties, perhaps the disposal methods would not be too different. However, Tian Lei killed 450,000 people, which is also a heavy blood debt, and he can't get rid of this anti-humanity blame.

Similarly, although Zhao Kuo's military command ability was acceptable, it made Zhao's backbone force of 450,000 troops completely annihilated in World War I, and was inevitably nailed to Zhao's shame column.

After the battle of Changping, the state of Qin really has no rival to fight against, which can stop it from unifying the six countries!

Let's look at a famous formula first.

The formula of national strength evaluation put forward by American scholar Klein, P (C E M) (S W). Among them, P stands for comprehensive national strength, C stands for population and territory, E stands for economic strength, M stands for military strength, S stands for strategic intention, and W stands for national will.

Let us evaluate Qin and Zhao from the above four dimensions.

On the issue of population and territory, when Qin Dong went through the customs, Hedong County was set up, Shang Jun, Longxi and Beidi were incorporated in the north, and Bashu and Hanzhong were incorporated in the south to attract people. On the other hand, the territory of Zhao is bordered by Xiongnu and Yan in the north, Korea and Wei in the south, and Qiang and Qi in the east, which is the land of the Four Wars.

Military strength, Shang Yang's political reform in Qin Dynasty, in addition to the old law, did military work, which greatly increased Qin Jun's military strength. Although Zhao experienced the military reform of "Khufu riding and shooting", he still maintained the aristocratic power in the early Warring States period.

In terms of strategic intention, the strategy of "making friends far away and attacking near" laid the political policy for decades before Qin's reunification. Joining the party and returning to Zhao is accidental, not a subjective strategic extension of Zhao.

In terms of national will, Qin always insisted on winning the war, and the internal affairs, diplomacy and military affairs were closely integrated in an orderly manner, without the policy swing like Zhao's "war and peace".

It can be seen that Qin is better than Zhao Qiang in all aspects.

From the analysis of other countries, Zhao, the military backbone of Shandong six countries, was completely interrupted. It is getting harder and harder for Han Wei to protect itself; Chu is lifeless, and the internal power struggle is surging; It's hard to achieve great things in Yan Qi.

In the long run, the battle of Changping was caused by the eastward expansion plan of Qin State. In this way, after Wei, Han, Qi and Chu, Zhao has no absolute strength to lead the integration policy.

Even if it is merged, it will not be able to hinder the eastward advancement of the Qin army on issues such as military strength and political unity. Subsequently, the loss of Hedong, Taiyuan and Shangdang laid the geographical advantage of Qin Jin Dong. Because of the occupation of the southern traffic arteries before the battle of Changping, Qin took control of the Central Plains, and Sanjin became a "swordfish".

After Ying Zheng, King of Qin, ascended the throne, it has become a historical trend to unify the six countries. Not an assassin like Jing Ke can change it.

References:

[1] Sima Qian. Historical records [M] Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 20 14.

[2] Wu Tiecheng, Guo Mengliang. An Analysis of the Reasons for Zhao's Failure in the Battle of Changping [J]. Journal of Shanxi Normal University: Social Science Edition, 1987(3):83.

[3] Zhang Guangzhi. Several Issues in the Battle of Changping between Qin and Zhao [J]. Journal of Handan University, 20 16(2):5.

[4] Dai. Explain the time and space process of the battle of Changping in Qin and Zhao from the political geography [J]. Journal of Yan 'an University (Social Science Edition), 2020,42 (01):121-128.

This paper took two days from sorting out the data to summarizing and analyzing it. Readers who recognize the content of this article hope to share and forward more.

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