Please introduce the famous bookstores in Qing Dynasty and Republic of China.

The Commercial Press, founded in 1897, is the oldest modern publishing institution in China, and is also known as the twin star of modern culture in China with Peking University.

The Commercial Press, founded by Xia Ruifang, Bao Xianen, Bao and Gao Fengchi in Shanghai on 1997, is mainly engaged in compiling new textbooks for primary and secondary schools. A small printing workshop originally run by a partnership. 190 1 year was changed into a joint stock limited company, and the capital was increased to 50,000 yuan. Zhang Yuanji became a shareholder and presided over the compilation. 1903 set up a printing factory, a compilation institute and a publishing house, and changed it into a Sino-Japanese joint venture, with each contribution of100000 yuan, and introduced advanced Japanese printing technology. The following year, the latest Chinese textbooks were published, which swept the country a few months later. Since then, textbooks on self-cultivation, arithmetic, history, geography and English have been compiled, teacher training workshops, affiliated primary schools, kindergartens and correspondence schools have been set up, and various Chinese and foreign reference books, publications and academic works have been published. 1907, the address of the newly-built printing house and compilation office on Baoshan Road, Zhabei, Shanghai. 1909, the library compiling rare books and reference books was named Hanfen Building, and later renamed Oriental Library, which was opened to the public. At the beginning of 19 14, Japanese shares were withdrawn, the capital increased to1500,000 yuan, and there were 750 employees, making it the largest publishing enterprise integrating editing, printing and distribution in China. 1932 during the sino-Japanese war, the general affairs room, compilation room, printing house and oriental library were burned by the Japanese army. Subsequently, the enterprise was partially restored. On the eve of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, a printing factory was built in Changsha, and the book machines were evacuated to Hongkong and Southwest China. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, the General Political Department Office moved to Changsha, then moved to Chongqing, and moved back to Shanghai after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War.

In the fifty-three years before the founding of the People's Republic of China, in addition to compiling textbooks as its main business, it also published large reference books and important publications such as Etymology, Dictionary of Ancient and Modern Place Names in China, Dictionary of Place Names in China, Dictionary of Chinese Medicine, Oriental Magazine and Novel Monthly, and arranged and photocopied four series and series. In its heyday, it set up printing branches in Beijing and Hong Kong, and successively set up branches in 83 places such as Singapore and Kuala Lumpur, which is quite famous at home and abroad.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the Commercial Press moved to Beijing. 1958, adjust the publishing scope according to the national publishing policy. At present, it mainly edits and publishes foreign academic works on philosophy and social sciences, compiles and publishes Chinese and foreign reference books, research works, teaching materials and popular books, and publishes periodicals such as China Language, Dialect and English World, which has a good influence and reputation among readers. Over the past century, it has been its responsibility to develop the education of people's wisdom and prosper the country, and has tried its best to inherit Chinese culture and actively spread new knowledge overseas, becoming a "very important cultural and educational institution" and a "national excellent publishing house".

The Commercial Press has 25 departments, holding a joint venture publishing institution-Commercial Press International Limited. There are 260 employees working.

The Commercial Press publishes more than 700 books and audio-visual products every year. /kloc-over the past 0/00 years, * * * has published more than 40,000 kinds of books and periodicals. Representative works include Ci Yuan, Modern Chinese Dictionary, Xinhua Dictionary, New Age Chinese-English Dictionary, Oxford Advanced English-Chinese Learning Dictionary, Compilation of Old Training, Sikuquanshu (photocopied edition of Jinwen Pavilion Edition), Chinese versions of world academic masterpieces (400 kinds), biographies of world celebrities (40 kinds), and Many brand books and periodicals have successively won the National Book Award, the National Dictionary Award and the National Periodical Award.

history

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The Commercial Press was founded in Shanghai in February of 1897+0 1, and it has been nearly10 years since then. Its establishment marks the beginning of modern publishing industry in China. In the past 100 years, the Commercial Press has gradually developed from a small printing workshop to a leading publishing and cultural institution in modern China. After vicissitudes of life, silent cultivation, talented people and famous artists have emerged in large numbers. Up to now, nearly 50,000 kinds of books and periodicals have been published, which has made important contributions to enlightening people's wisdom, promoting education, popularizing knowledge, spreading culture and assisting academics, and has been valued by several generations of national leaders. As Comrade Chen Yun said, "This is a very important issue.

The older generation of publishers, led by Zhang Yuanji and Xia Ruifang, laid a solid foundation for the development of business. As early as the beginning of the business, a joint-stock company was established, and since then, a large number of outstanding talents such as Gao and Wang have been hired to carry out diversified management centered on publishing, and their strength has grown rapidly. They compiled textbooks for universities, middle schools and primary schools, compiled large reference books such as Ci Yuan, translated and introduced western academic masterpieces such as Evolution and The Wealth of Nations, and published works by Lu Xun, Ba Jin, Bing Xin and Lao She. Organize four series of important ancient books, edit large series of books such as Universal Library and University, publish more than ten kinds of magazines such as Oriental Magazine, Novel Monthly and Nature, establish Oriental Library, go to work primary school, manufacture educational equipment and even shoot movies. In its heyday, commerce had more than 5,000 employees, 36 branches at home and abroad, various offices 1000, and publications accounted for more than 60% of the country. It created many firsts in China's modern publishing industry and became the largest publishing institution in Asia at that time, casting the Commercial Press as the most famous brand of national publishing industry at home and abroad and becoming a cultural center comparable to Peking University. A large number of outstanding figures such as Chen Yun, Mao Dun, Chen Shutong, Zhou, Wang, Zheng Zhenduo, Ye Shengtao, Jiang Menglin, Zhu Kezhen, Huang, Yuan Hanqing, Chen Hanbo and Chen Yuan have emerged in this cultural hometown ... These glorious names are written in business history. In 1930s and 1940s, the Japanese invaders invaded China, which caused great national disaster, suffered a great blow to business, and was destroyed twice, making it difficult to maintain. However, under all kinds of difficult circumstances, business adheres to the spirit of "sacrificing for national disaster and fighting for culture", still holds high the banner of cultural war of resistance and national rejuvenation, and publishes books and struggles with people from all walks of life.

condition

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After the founding of New China, the business actively completed the transformation of public-private partnership, and moved to Beijing on 1954, and started a new struggle with the strong support of the central government. During the period of 1958, the business department of National Press undertook the publishing tasks of translating and publishing foreign philosophy and social sciences and compiling and publishing Chinese and foreign dictionaries, and gradually formed a publishing pattern with Chinese translations of world academic masterpieces and biographies of world celebrities as the main pillars.

Since the reform and opening up, especially in recent 10 years, in addition to the two pillars of Chinese translation of world famous academic books and dictionaries, business people are determined to forge ahead and actively and steadily explore new publishing fields, such as vigorously supporting domestic scholars to publish original academic research and publishing and disseminating first-class research results of domestic scholars; Develop quality education reading materials and cultural popularization reading materials for teenagers and mass readers; Cooperate with Harvard Business School Publishing Company to translate and publish Harvard Business School's best-selling management books; The establishment of the World Chinese Teaching and Research Center of the Commercial Press aims to promote the research and development of teaching materials for teaching Chinese as a foreign language through academic research, and to build the center into a research and development base and publishing base for excellent books on Chinese teaching in the world. With the aim of opening up education based on people's wisdom, adhering to the publishing concept of popularizing knowledge, spreading culture and assisting academics, the business does not follow the trend or seek profits, and serves readers and scholars at home and abroad in a down-to-earth manner, and the publishing scale continues to expand. In recent years, the fifth edition of Modern Chinese Dictionary, Laoxun and Xinhua series of Chinese dictionaries have been compiled, and several foreign language dictionaries such as New Times, Selected Works, Oxford and Longman have been published one after another, as well as large-scale original academic works such as Sikuquanshu and Fifty Kinds of Commercial Press Library in Wenjinge, as well as world academic masterpieces. Business has always been in a leading position in the publishing industry and has always had great influence. At present, it is the vice-president unit of China Publishers Association, China Book Distribution Industry Association, china redactological society, China Dictionary Society and China Copyright Protection Association.

For the long-term development, the business has made great efforts in talent team building, information construction, opening up business areas and international cooperation, and has formed strong competitiveness in the industry, laying a solid foundation for sustainable development. At present, there are 275 full-time employees, 90 of whom have master's and doctor's degrees, and 97 have senior titles above deputy editor-in-chief, with high academic level and professional quality. A group of young people took up management positions and became the backbone of their business, which promoted the younger and more knowledgeable management team and technical team. In the publishing industry, commerce has implemented comprehensive and systematic information construction earlier by using emerging computer and network technologies, developed the leading dictionary corpus and compilation system, portal website and management information system in the domestic publishing industry, and is gradually realizing the automation and networking of production, management and sales. In addition, we also actively explore business areas related to publishing business. At present, it has established and controlled Beijing Qunyi Property Company, Beijing Shangyihua Information Technology Company, Beijing Hanfenlou Bookstore Co., Ltd. and other operating institutions, and opened specialty stores in Shanghai, Taiyuan, Changchun, Wuhan and Nanjing, which has taken a solid step in diversification. Business has good international cooperation. It not only conducts regular business exchanges with four overseas commercial presses in Hong Kong, Taipei, Singapore and Kuala Lumpur, but also co-founded and controlled a publishing institution-Commercial Press International Limited. In addition, the business also maintains close cooperation with world-renowned publishing institutions such as Oxford University Press, Longman Publishing Company, Lalus Publishing Company, Harvard Business School Publishing Company, Primary Research Institute and Doosan East Asia Publishing Company. Copyright trade is active, and more than 200 kinds of books are imported and exported every year.

At present, there are about 800 books published commercially every year, including about 350 new books and 450 reprinted books. In addition, 20 important academic journals and some audio-visual products such as English World, Chinese World Magazine and China Language and Dialect have been published. According to the investigation report of open-book market in recent years, Chinese and foreign dictionaries published by business are in an absolute leading position in the national book retail market. In 2005, it published 540 million yuan, with a profit of more than 50 million yuan. All indicators are in the forefront of national comprehensive publishing houses.

It can be said that after more than 20 years of reform and development, the Commercial Press has now become a famous publishing unit with outstanding style, obvious characteristics, profound cultural heritage, steady development momentum, unique position in the modern publishing history of China and extensive influence at home and abroad.

The Commercial Press is now affiliated to the newly established China Publishing Group, and is meeting the opportunities and challenges of China's cultural system reform and publishing system innovation with a brand-new attitude.

The best business

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The Commercial Press is the first modern publishing institution in China, creating a number of firsts in the publishing history and even the cultural history of China. The options are as follows:

* Publishing the first academic monograph on grammar, Ma Shi Wen Tong (1898);

* Publishing the first bilingual English teaching material, Hua Ying Chu Ji (1898);

* Publishing the first English-Chinese dictionary in Chinese mainland-Huaying Commercial Library Dictionary (1899);

* the first to print the book on paper (1900);

* The first systematic introduction to western academic works (1902);

* The first to use the copyright seal (1903);

* The first cultural enterprise to introduce foreign capital (1903);

* The first private enterprise to employ foreign experts and technicians (1903);

* The earliest systematic compilation and publication of modern primary and secondary school textbooks such as "The Latest Textbook" (1904);

* The first to establish a series of modern magazines such as Oriental Magazine (1904);

* The first one was printed in Cologne (1907);

* Publishing the first bilingual dictionary compiled by China scholars themselves, The English-Chinese Dictionary (1908);

* The first sheet is printed with electroplated copper plate (1912);

* The first one to use an automatic word casting machine (1913);

* The first one adopts offset printing and color printing (1915);

* Publishing the first large-scale modern Chinese dictionary "Ci Yuan" (1915);

* Publication of the first specialized dictionary in China, Botanical Dictionary (1917);

* The establishment of the first Chinese-funded film institution-Film and Drama Department (1918);

* manufacturing the first Chinese typewriter in China (1919);

* Production of China's first animated advertisement Shu Zhendong's Chinese Typewriter (19 19).

Contribution of Commercial Press to Culture

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The Commercial Press is the oldest publishing house in China. It is not the earliest publishing house in China, and there are many before it, which have been eliminated in the competition. At first, it was a small printing house. At that time, after the defeat of the Sino-Japanese War, people's thoughts changed and the publishing industry developed. Du Yaquan, a contemporary, said that at that time, "all the Reform comrades took the compilation of books and newspapers as the top priority for the development of China, while the maritime printing industry was abusive and no one could work with it, so it was attached to the Commercial Press". It is pointed out that the key to commercial success is to attach importance to quality. Zhang Yuanji, acting president of Nanyang Public College and dean of the Translation College, resigned from public office to take charge of editing in this small printing factory, and has been engaged in commercial publishing since then. After Zhang Yuanji entered the imperial examination, Gao, Du Yaquan, Jiang Weiqiao, and other young people who opposed the imperial examination and were interested in reform were employed successively. They all pin their hopes of making Qiang Bing rich and strong and rejuvenating China on the next generation, and devote themselves to compiling textbooks, word books and other learning books for primary and secondary schools. Their seriousness makes the publication successful, and they pay attention to management, so the enterprise can stand firm and grow. The spirit of dedication and management has been passed down from generation to generation and has become a tradition. It has served the people's cultural needs for decades, accumulated decades of culture and made certain contributions to society. Therefore, after the founding of New China, the General Administration of Publishing of the Central People's Government designated the Commercial Press as a central-level publishing institution in June 1952, which is unique in the private publishing industry. After the public-private partnership, under the direct leadership of the party and the government, we will work harder for the construction of socialist two civilizations. In the history of modern publishing, it is scrambling for the first place and has far-reaching influence. The following is a list of its contributions.

The earliest publishing house that established the editorial department was the Commercial Press. Although the publishing industry in China has a long history, the writing work is all decided by one person, and there is no editorial department. When the Commercial Press was founded, it was a printing house, and some books were also published. There is also no editorial department, and Mr. Bao Xianen, one of the founders, also works as a writer. Manager Xia Ruifang often asks people how to develop publishing business, knowing that a group of scholars are needed. At that time, Zhang Yuanji, the president and acting president of Nanyang Translation Institute, which had business contacts with the Commercial Press, was a reformer. Due to the constraints of public school inspectors and John Calvin Ferguson in the United States, he was unable to do things. Xia Ruifang and Zhang Yuanji have established personal feelings in their business contacts for more than two years. In the summer of 1900, they first sponsored Zhang to run a diplomatic newspaper. In the summer of the following year, they suggested Zhang to invest in business. After that, they naturally resigned from Nanyang Public School and joined the profession in 1902. People are divided into groups. Through his good friend Cai Yuanpei, Zhang Yuanji hired a group of new people with their own specialties to join the profession and set up a compilation institute. The establishment of the compiler makes the business have great advantages in the industry. Gao also engages in coordination, breaking the bad habit of belittling scholars, developing their own expertise and learning from each other's strengths, and the quality of manuscripts is higher than that of peers. Since then, business has also stood firm in the publication after printing; The same industry has followed suit and promoted the progress of the publishing industry.

Modern primary school textbooks were first published by the Commercial Press. In the modern form of our society, basic education rose very late. During the Reform Movement of 1898, only Kang Youwei mentioned in An Introduction to Kindergarten Learning that he was based on The Book of Rites? The principle of learning records is far from modern education. Xin Chou's "New Deal", the Qing court "ordered more schools", and at the same time stipulated that "the teaching method is based on the four books and five classics, supplemented by historical lessons of past dynasties and Chinese and foreign political arts." The purpose of education is still to link up with the imperial examinations. People with lofty ideals carry out activities to change the purpose of education, and the Commercial Press is an important part of it: it provides the first batch of textbooks for modern basic education. The earliest book was The Beginning of Literature written by Du Yaquan 1902 in June, with 6 volumes in 3 years. It regards all common shallow things around children as literacy texts and contents. For example, in the first lesson, the new word is "big and small cattle and sheep", and then the text consists of "big cow, lamb, big and small cattle and sheep". Simple sentences appeared in the post-80s generation, such as "ox and bear carts, oxen plowing fields, peach blossoms and bamboo shoots". The third volume began to be interspersed with superficial knowledge of various subjects, to cultivate one's morality from the ethical point of view, and to encourage people to study and learn arts in order to revitalize China. Follow-up volume of audio-visual photochemistry, Chinese and foreign historical figures. There is a lot of discussion about Daoguang's "compensation" in return. This is the first textbook that breaks away from imperial examination education and pays attention to national quality education. 1904 In February, the Commercial Press published the latest Chinese textbook for primary schools. This textbook is written by Gao, Gao, Jiang Weiqiao and four people, which is contrary to the practice that the enlightenment books have always been written by one person. Up to now, there are many stories about his serious writing. This book was written seriously and had a far-reaching impact: Cai Yuanpei was a bystander at that time, and he was amazed, saying that the seriousness of this book changed the sloppy atmosphere of the whole publishing industry. This set of textbooks pioneered the practice of arranging texts in regular script, with each lesson on the same development surface and rich illustrations. After its publication, this textbook was welcomed by students, parents and teachers.

China's First Modern Ci Poem —— Ci Yuan. The origin of Chinese character books is very early, but for thousands of years, it has been divided into three systems-name, character and sound-which do not take care of each other. And mainly around the four books and five classics, divorced from people's lives. Although Kangxi Dictionary explains the sound, form and meaning of words to a certain extent, it only considers words and does not understand disyllabic words, and only lists a few disyllabic words as the meanings of words (monosyllabic words) arranged irregularly under a single word. And it is mainly a proper noun. For example, "Cangshan" is under the word "Cang"; "Hejin" (Longmen) is under the word "gold" and "Tianyi Star" is under the word "one". With the introduction of western learning, a large number of disyllabic words appeared in the late Qing Dynasty, and there was no dictionary to collect and explain them. Reading books and newspapers often leads to misunderstandings. In view of this, Gao and Lu Erkui of the Compilation Institute of the Commercial Press have made great efforts to compile a dictionary that integrates vocabulary, characters, pronunciation and interpretation, and integrates old knowledge into one furnace for easy retrieval. Lu and Senior Two started writing with more than 20 editors at 1908, and finished the manuscript four years later. They found that there were many quotations in the dictionary, such as missing quotations and multiple words-quotations from ancient pronouns, and there were more than 2,600 such problems in Kangxi Dictionary that only affected the meaning. They just added more people to re-examine the original work, and it took another three years to publish it. 19 15 was published. Zhonghua Book Company published Cihai precisely because of its seriousness. Although it came from behind, it could not overwhelm it. After more than 80 years of revision, it is still being published.

Ci Yuan is groundbreaking in compiling dictionaries in at least three aspects. First of all, it contains a large number of modern natural science, social science and applied technology vocabulary. Secondly, it is stipulated that these disyllabic words are listed after the words with the first word, which is convenient for retrieval. Third, the meaning of a single word is strictly limited to the meaning of a monosyllabic word, that is, it is strictly explained by words. The second and third principles are followed by all Chinese and Chinese and foreign dictionaries.

Word books are the best sellers in the world. According to the Guinness Book of World Records in the 1980 edition, the cumulative circulation of its various texts reaches more than 32 million copies every year, which is the highest in the world. After this edition spread to China, some people wrote Yelang, and its circulation was far behind that of Xinhua Dictionary published by the Commercial Press. At that time, the sales volume of Xinhua Dictionary had reached 80 million copies. Xinhua Dictionary is a compilation method agreed by five linguists including Wei. It is carefully compiled by a group of lexicographers led by Wei, and its quality is very high. In 1970, Premier Zhou Enlai instructed the staff of various liberal arts departments from Peking University, China Academy of Sciences, Commercial Press and Beijing Education System to make corrections. The Prime Minister not only gave specific instructions many times, but also overcame people's widespread fear of being criticized, and personally reviewed the revised draft and made amendments in his busy schedule. In that year, Xinhua Dictionary was revised and distributed 40 million copies in various provinces and cities across the country. In the future, the annual output of each region will be around1000-150,000 copies; Up to now, the cumulative circulation is around 250 million copies. This number is unique in countless dictionaries at all times and in all countries. Even in terms of per capita possession, there is no second dictionary in the world.

Modern Chinese Dictionary, the first standardized dictionary in China. Chinese is the main language in China, and there are many dialects with serious differences, which hinder people's communication in different regions. In addition to Qin Shihuang's "Shu Tong Wen", all previous governments have unified the writing of words, but the sound and meaning have never been unified. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, there are conditions to standardize the language and writing, and large-scale economic and cultural construction has also put forward this requirement. This led to the compilation of Modern Chinese Dictionary. Mandarin must be popularized. Premier Zhou Enlai pointed out: "It is not enough to learn Mandarin through ears and mouth. It's easy to forget after learning. There must be a set of phonetic symbols for writing pinyin reading materials and phonetic symbol dictionaries for learners to refer to at any time. " 1956 On February 6th, Zhou Enlai signed the Prime Minister's order: "To help the teaching of Putonghua, the Institute of Linguistics of China Academy of Sciences should compile a Putonghua Phonetic Dictionary, which can be used by 1956 to determine the phonetic norms; 1958, compiled a medium-sized modern Chinese dictionary for the purpose of determining vocabulary. " The Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee and the Ministry of Culture of People's Republic of China (PRC) decided that the Commercial Press, which has the most experience in editing, proofreading and publishing dictionaries, should be the publishing task of this dictionary 2. And decided to combine the pronunciation dictionary and the dictionary into one. The first draft was completed in 1959, and the Commercial Press put forward opinions from the perspective of peer review, and then published "trial printing" in 1960 to solicit experts' opinions. After summarizing the opinions of experts from all over the country, the "Trial Edition" was printed for review after being revised in 1965. 1973 modified the "trial version". Due to the interference of the Gang of Four, it was officially published in 1978. At this point, China has the first standard dictionary. This dictionary has been appraised by experts such as Lv Shuxiang, Ye Shengtao, Ding Shengshu and Li Rong, and has a high academic level. Its scientific nature is worthy of the important task of promoting Chinese standardization, and it enjoys a high reputation after publication. Last year, the revised edition was published. During the period of 10, 30 million books were published, which played an important role in socialist cultural construction.

Topic selection is the most democratic. The Commercial Press produces good books and strives to start with the topic selection. From June 1903 to June 10/0, the system of "compilation institute meeting" was implemented, which fundamentally guaranteed the publication of good books. In the past 100 years, the degree of democracy of the selected topic will be different, but good and bad work are generally reflected in the publication of books. Do your best, when pushing the independent organizational system after 1958 and 1979. At that time, the two editors enjoyed an international reputation. They both respected others and promoted academic democracy. Four years ago, when 1958 was established independently, Sanlian Bookstore took the lead in formulating a long-term plan for translating foreign philosophical and social science works. After taking over the business, the editor-in-chief still went to Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuhan and other places to solicit academic opinions, and then made short-term and long-term plans. After the "Cultural Revolution", this practice was continued, and the scope of disciplines was extended to all subjects, including Chinese and foreign languages and dictionaries. Not only has the scope been expanded, but it is also more detailed, and there is one more round trip: first, go to the door to ask for expert opinions, and then ask the expert meeting for confirmation after summarizing, which is called "planning meeting". It's been done four times. Famous books are graded. What else can we ask for advice? Not necessarily! Which should be out first and which can be out later; Which book is most suitable for translation; Which version is the best; What are the international developments? Wouldn't it be better to listen to experts? The topic selection scheme determined on the basis of such planning has no commercial flavor and naturally stands the test and meets the needs of readers. In the case that the number of social science books has generally declined in previous years, the commercial version of the classics is less affected, with an annual reprint of 1/3. Democracy issues like this are unique.

(Originally published in China Reading Newspaper1May 7, 1997)

Hong kong commercial publishing house

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Established in 19 14, Hong Kong Commercial Press has been devoted to promoting China culture and education, mainly publishing historical and cultural picture books, classic works, language learning and language reference books and teaching materials. On October 22nd, 2007, the Commercial Press (Hong Kong) Limited held a reception to celebrate the 60th anniversary of1/kloc-0.

Business publishing international limited

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Commercial Press International Co., Ltd. is the first comprehensive joint venture publishing institution in China, which was jointly funded by Beijing Commercial Press, Commercial Press (Hong Kong) Co., Ltd., Taiwan Province Commercial Press Co., Ltd., Singapore Branch of Commercial Press and Commercial Press Malaysia Co., Ltd. on 1993 * *.

The Commercial Press International Limited is committed to promoting and strengthening economic cooperation and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. It adopts advanced science and technology and management methods to publish language reference books, knowledge series, Chinese school textbooks and books to promote China culture. Engaged in the publication, distribution, printing and sales of Chinese and foreign literature books and periodicals and audio-visual products related to culture and education (including electronic publications). In recent years, the company has published excellent books such as The Latest Advanced English-Chinese Dictionary, A New Chinese Course, CD-ROM of Chinese Civilization Series, CD-ROM of English World 100, 300 Tang Poems and 24 History of Pat Wan, which are well received by Chinese readers in Chinese mainland and overseas.

Business pavilion song

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A thousand feet of pine trees

Chen Yuanji wrote songs for Zhang Yuanji, Mao Dun and Ye Shengtao.

Changming Education always thought that it was hard to come to Lin Shu;

This is a fertile land, which can be cultivated well and harvested in autumn.

There are clouds and dogs in the world, and the wind and waves are rough.

Respond to the rising tide and falling on the beach.

In the spread of heaven and performance, Mu Duo cleared the way.

A new day is over, and it looks like dawn.

Where there is a will, there is a way, and the final platform is flat.

It will be more difficult from now on, and we need to try harder.

Thousands of feet pine in the dense forest, dragon in the cloud.

It is full of words!