What about the property management industry in Japan? Please attach relevant laws and regulations, industry norms, Japanese OK, and property management comparison between China and Japan plus%.

I used to think of it as logistics, not property!

Legal relationship between management combination (owner's autonomous organization) and owners.

The management right of the portfolio comes from the property right of all owners to a certain community. There is a legal relationship of rights and obligations between the management team and the owner. As an autonomous organization of all the owners of the community, the management group has the right to maintain and manage some areas of the community on behalf of all the owners of the community and collect management fees from the owners, but also has the obligation to accept the supervision of the owners. Correspondingly, as a member of the management portfolio, the owner enjoys the decision-making power on major issues and the supervision power over the management portfolio, and at the same time undertakes the obligation to pay management fees and maintenance fund (maintenance fund) to the management portfolio, as well as the obligation to abide by the relevant provisions of the management portfolio.

Legal relationship between management portfolio and property management enterprises.

First of all, there is a contractual relationship between the management portfolio and the property management enterprise. According to the agreement of the property management service contract, the property management enterprise has the obligation to provide services, and at the same time enjoys the right to receive remuneration for management services from the management portfolio. The management team has the right to obtain the management service agreed in the property management service contract, and is also obliged to pay the property management service fee to the property management company according to the management service contract.

Secondly, there is a principal-agent relationship between management portfolio and property management enterprises. Because, in the process of property management service, property management enterprises will inevitably exercise some daily powers to manage property communities, and these powers come from the authorization of management portfolio. The scope of services provided by the property management enterprise as stipulated in the property management contract is also the authorized scope of the management combination to the property management enterprise.

Manage the legal relationship between the portfolio and other service providers.

In addition to the professional services provided by property management companies, the management portfolio of the community should also invite some other service providers to provide other professional services. For example, lawyers are hired to provide legal services, and professional maintenance companies are hired to provide maintenance services for residential facilities or equipment. The relationship between the management portfolio and these service providers is also the contractual relationship between the service and the serviced.

In Japan, residents solve the housing problem by renting and buying houses. According to the survey of the Ministry of Construction, about 37.4% people rent houses and 62.3% people buy houses. Among these houses, apart from some independent houses, more are apartments. In the property management of apartments, there are two ways: "entrusted management" and "independent management".

mandatory administration

Refers to entrust a specialized property management company to manage apartments. In Japan's real estate industry, there is a comprehensive service enterprise, which can operate as an agent from the sale of apartments to the negotiation and maintenance management of introducing tenants, collecting rents and increasing rents. Another industry has a unique comprehensive trading company function, which can undertake everything from household introduction to management, taxation, legal consultation, maintenance, updating procedures, ensuring occupancy rate and reducing vacancy rate. Entrusting competent enterprises to manage apartments is an effective method. Entrusted management of apartments requires a management fee of about 5- 10% of rental income.

self-management

The owner directly manages the * * * part, * * * facilities and site of the apartment. In order to carry out independent management, all owners voluntarily participate in the management Committee (management team) to carry out organized management. Autonomous management generally adopts the way that each owner takes turns to undertake management affairs. The biggest advantage of this self-management model is to save money. However, self-management also has various problems:

First, the scale is limited, only suitable for small huxing management. In addition, it is also restricted by residents' awareness of independent management and their own quality. Hard-working and responsible residents can reach a certain level of management. Instead, there are many problems.

Secondly, in apartment management, some projects need high technology, such as elevator maintenance and equipment management. And they need professional technicians or professional management companies to be competent.

Compatible management

As a supplement to autonomous management and entrusted management, a management mode with dual functions has emerged. Some management projects are entrusted to professional management companies, while others are managed independently.

Employment license registration of Japanese property management enterprises

Japan has strict regulations on the qualifications and business contents of property management companies. Generally speaking, the following registration is required; The registration of apartment managers is issued by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism; The identification of the security industry is decided by the public security committee where the company is located; The registration of business scope such as comprehensive management of building environmental sanitation, cleaning of building storage tanks, prevention and control of building pests and diseases shall be certified by the capital, provincial and government governments where the company is located; The conservative inspection industry of purification tanks is issued by the health department; The fire equipment industry is managed by the local fire department; The general waste collection and treatment industry is licensed by its city. In short, no matter what kind of business the company is engaged in, it must be registered with the relevant government departments or obtain industry permission from the competent authorities.

Qualification of practitioners in Japanese property management industry

1. Property management business: apartment manager, management business manager and community manager are responsible.

2. Sanitation business: The building sanitation management technician, cleaning supervisor, air environment measurement implementer, water storage tank cleaning supervisor, prevention and control supervisor, building cleaning technician and purification tank cleaning technician are responsible for it.

3. Equipment management business: chief electrical technician, electrical intensifier, qualified special electrical intensifier, construction management technician of electrical intensifier, person in charge of refrigeration machinery, construction technician of refrigeration and air conditioner, manager of purification tank, technical manager of purification tank, fire-fighting equipment technician, qualified personnel for spot inspection of fire-fighting equipment, dangerous goods handler, fire manager, construction equipment management technician, etc.

4. Construction and equipment safety business: the personnel with special construction survey qualification, personnel with construction equipment testing qualification and pipeline engineering construction management technicians are responsible.

5. Security business: security guards are responsible, and doormen are also responsible for guiding education.

Social organizations joined by Japanese property management companies.

Japanese property management companies generally join several social organizations at the same time, such as the national (or local) building maintenance association, the national (or local) security industry association, the high-rise residential management association, the guarantee institution of the high-rise residential management association, the national (or local) homestead construction transaction industry guarantee association and so on.