Reasons for the demise of the Western Roman Empire

Reasons for the demise of the Western Roman Empire:

(1) Social crisis. After the demise of the Roman Empire, there was a profound social crisis in the Western Roman Empire.

② Ethnic oppression was serious, people's uprisings increased, and civil strife was serious in the later period of the Western Roman Empire.

(3) The invasion of foreign enemies, the invasion of foreign countries such as the Eastern Goths directly accelerated the demise of the Western Roman Empire.

In 395, Theodosius I divided the empire between his two sons. Since then, the Roman Empire has been divided into two parts, and it is permanently divided.

In 476, the leader of Roman mercenaries, German Odoac, deposed the last emperor of western Rome, and the western Rome came to an end. After the demise of the Western Roman Empire, Europe entered the Middle Ages for nearly a thousand years.

The main enemies of the Western Roman Empire are Germans, who are close to the banks of the Rhine and Danube. Octavian tried to defeat them and was wiped out in the battle of Teutonburg forest.

The rest of the eastern empires became enemies on the other side. This country is far away and powerful, so it has never been conquered. Every invasion of the Rest Empire was repelled, and the Rest Empire defeated the Roman offensive every time. However, there are a few victories, such as Trajan. However, these new territories, which are too far away from Rome, can only be abandoned in the end to ensure peaceful coexistence with rest.

It is relatively easy to control the western territory of the Roman Empire, because the Germans are not as United as they were at rest, and it is difficult to control the war between the two sides in any case. If the emperor is in the east, of course, he has stronger control over the region and weaker control over the west, and vice versa. War did bring crisis to many emperors, but it also created the future for many emperors.

On March 18, 235, Emperor Alexander Severus was assassinated, and Rome was plunged into a 50-year civil war, known as the "crisis of the third century" in history. The Sassanian dynasty, which was brave and good at fighting, flourished in Parthia, replacing the rest empire as a threat to the eastern Rome, and it was accompanied by a heated crisis.

In 259, Emperor Valerian conquered Persia, but was defeated and captured. His eldest son, Gallienus, succeeded to the throne and attacked the East again. Postu Moose, the governor of the Germanic region, rebelled, killed Gallienus's son Salonika in Kipana (now Cologne) and established the Gaul Empire against Rome.

The capital of Gaul Empire was established in Kipana, and soon it mastered Germanic and Gaul provinces, even Iberia and Britannia, and it was equipped with Senate and consul, which basically kept the religion, language and culture of Rome, and the records of Germanic tribes were no less than Rome.

But the Roman emperor Claudius II (reigned from 268 to 270) regained part of the territory of the Gaul Empire, which had been independent for nearly ten years, after repelling the barbarian invasion. At the same time, several provinces in the eastern part of the empire were captured by the kingdom of Baal Milla ruled by the female emperor Chinobia.

In 272, Emperor Aureliano recovered the lost land in the east and captured Chinobia. After stabilizing the situation in the east, he turned his finger at the west and recovered the Gaul Empire within one year. The Gaul emperor Tri Kusharjanto I and his son II turned their hearts to Rome, hoping to return to the embrace of the empire. After a night of secret negotiations, the armies of China, Thailand and Tri Kusharjanto surrendered, and Ole reunited two-thirds of the Roman Empire.

The accepted date of the demise of the Western Roman Empire is September 4, 476, when Odoacer expelled romulus Augustus. However, due to the lack of specific historical materials, the details remain a mystery.

At that time, Nipos also claimed to be the emperor of the Western Roman Empire, leaving a negligible territory. He maintained a considerable relationship with Zhi Nuo, the emperor of Byzantine Empire, and also had an enclave in northern Gaul that was still loyal to Rome.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Western Roman Empire