Discussion on energy-saving measures of water supply and drainage in residential buildings?

I. Introduction Energy is an important material basis for the development of the national economy and an important factor restricting the national economy. Like most countries in the world, China is facing an energy crisis. While strengthening energy construction, it is paying more and more attention to maximizing energy efficiency and reducing energy consumption. 2. Energy-saving ways of water supply and drainage in residential buildings: According to the current water supply situation and residential water consumption situation in China, there are mainly the following ways to save energy in water supply and drainage in residential buildings: 1. Try to use solar energy in residential hot water heating. 2. Rational use of residual pressure in municipal pipe network, using zoning water supply mode. 3. Adopt water-saving sanitary ware to reduce water supply and energy consumption. Three. Energy-saving technical measures for residential hot water heating by solar energy: 1. The application scope of solar energy for residential hot water heating and the classification of solar water heaters (1) Solar energy is inexhaustible as clean energy. This is an important way to save energy. The solar water heater consists of a heat collector, a water storage tank, a water supply tank, a circulating pipe, a circulating pump and a water distribution pipe. Most of our country is located in the north of 40 degrees north latitude, with long sunshine time, which is suitable for popularizing solar water heaters. (2) According to the technology of solar water heater currently used, it can be divided into flat plate type and vacuum tube type according to the form of collector. 2. Selection method and energy saving effect of using solar water heater. The specific application of solar water heaters should be determined according to the specific conditions of the project and the property management of residential quarters. In the civil construction stage, water heater inlet and outlet pipes and tube wells should be reserved. When management conditions permit, the first mode of water supply should be given priority. According to the existing solar water heater technology, it is more economical and reasonable to adopt all-glass vacuum tube. Energy-saving effect: According to the amount of hot water in each shower, the water consumption is 100L/ person? Considering that the annual average cold water temperature is 10℃ and the hot water shower temperature is 40℃, the average energy consumption per shower per person = 100L*(40℃-10℃) *(4. 19* 10℃? 3? J/kg。 Kwh) =1257000000j, based on the mechanical equivalent of heat per kwh of 36 17000J/KWH, considering that the heating efficiency of the water heater is 0.9, the electricity consumption per shower is =12570000/(3617000. According to the calculation that each person takes a bath 8 times a month, each household has 3 people and 60% uses the hot water in the solar water heater, each household can save electricity every year =3 people *8 times * 65438+3.86 kWh/person in February. Multiplied by * 60% = 667 kWh. The energy-saving effect is quite obvious. 3.3.3 Project cost: designed according to sunshine conditions in Beijing. The calculation of solar heat collection area is as follows: h.f.η.k2 = l.c.Δ t.f.h–solar radiation, 17220KJ/M2. A day in Beijing; F- solar water heater heat collection area; η-daily average efficiency of water heater, generally 0.5; F—— solar energy guarantee rate, 0.6; K 1- volume coefficient, taking1.0; K2-- system heat loss coefficient, 0.8; L—— water output (calculated as 300L/ day for a family of three); C—— specific heat capacity of working medium, 4. 19 kj/kg. c； Δ T-temperature difference between hot and cold water, calculated according to the maximum shower water consumption in summer, with hot water at 40℃, cold water 10℃ and temperature difference 15℃. Each household needs 2.9 square meters of solar collector tubes, and the market price of the project cost is about 1 1,000 yuan/square meter, including water supply pipelines and other facilities, and the project cost is about 2,900 yuan/household (calculated by a family of three). Based on the above-mentioned energy saving of 667 kWh, the market electricity price is 0.489 yuan/kWh, which can save 326 yuan every year. Considering part of the maintenance and management costs, it can save 9 years.

Fourthly, make rational use of the residual pressure of municipal pipe network, adopt district water supply mode and adopt energy-saving measures of new water supply facilities. In urban water supply, according to the scale of urban water supply, the pressure of general municipal water supply pipe network is between 0.2 MPa and 0.4 MPa, which can only meet the water supply pressure of three to five-storey buildings. At present, the utilization rate of urban land is high, and there are more and more high-rise residential buildings in urban areas, so the water supply pressure needs to be pressurized twice. Rational use of municipal pipe network pressure, district water supply mode and new water supply facilities can reduce the energy consumption of secondary pressurization. If the municipal pipe network pressure is 0.3Mpa, the municipal pipe network can be used for direct water supply for the fifth floor and below, and the non-negative pressure variable frequency water supply equipment can be used for the fifth floor and above. This will not waste the residual pressure of the municipal pipe network, nor will it make the pressure of the low-level pipe network too high, resulting in energy consumption and water resources waste. 1. Regional water supply mode can save the pressurization energy of some floors directly supplied by municipal water. 2. Compared with the traditional secondary pressurization method (the traditional pressurization method is that the municipal pipe network supplies water to the pool, and then the water pump supplies water to the roof water tank), it has the following advantages: 1. Can reduce investment; The traditional pressurization method needs to build a water tank, and the water tank can be cancelled by using non-negative pressure water supply equipment. 2. It can reduce pollution; The residence time of tap water in the water tank is increased, the residual chlorine in the water is low and the microbial content is high. After using the new equipment, the water quality is the same as tap water. 3. It can save a lot of energy; The traditional secondary pressurization method is to put tap water directly into the water tank, so that the original pressure is all zero, and then re-pressurize the water supply from zero; However, the non-negative pressure frequency conversion equipment completely uses the pressure of the original municipal pipe network to supply water, and it is directly connected in series with the water supply pipe network. What is the difference? 4. It can reduce the waste of water resources. Water seepage, water leakage, water leakage and evaporation of the water tank are inevitable. The water tank needs to be cleaned regularly and a lot of cleaning water is needed. 3. Energy saving effect: 1000 kgf is required. M = 1 * 104j is pressurized with water per cubic meter 1m, and the pump efficiency is generally around 0.6. According to the mechanical equivalent of 36 17000J/KWH per kwh of heat, 0.005KWH of electric energy is needed. On a daily basis, if the municipal pipe network pressure of 0.3MPa is fully utilized, compared with the traditional method of secondary pressurization of pools and pumps, users (family of three) who need secondary pressurization can save energy by 3 people *365 days *0. 1 m3/person a year? Daily *30m water pressure *0.005kwh= 16.5KWH, which can save investment more than the traditional pressurization method. In a word, the energy-saving effect of this energy-saving method is still remarkable, and the energy-saving cost performance is very high, which is worth popularizing. 5. Use water-saving sanitary ware to reduce water consumption and energy consumption under pressure. China is a country with relatively scarce water resources. At present, China strongly advocates the use of water-saving sanitary ware, which not only saves water, but also has remarkable energy-saving effect. At present, the main water-saving devices used are: 1. Reduce the flushing volume of toilets. At present, toilets with flushing water volume ≥9L are widely used in China, which consumes a lot of water. If all toilets with flushing volume ≤6L are used and two-stop flushing valves are adopted, water can be saved by 12% for houses, 4% for hotels and restaurants and 27% for office buildings. 2. Save water in kitchen, bath and washing. If the washbasin, bath faucet and toilet basin faucet are all equipped with inflatable faucets, water can be saved without reducing the diameter of the water column, and the inflation rate can generally be around 15%. That is, the water saving rate is about 15%.

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