Why Beijing was the capital of many dynasties (China historical experts came in) (40 points)

First of all, you have to be clear about one thing.

Beijing has always been a city that is easy to defend but difficult to attack.

Beijing, known as the second land of abundance (Sichuan), is located on the edge of the North China Plain.

To the north is the junction of the Loess Plateau and the Northeast Plain.

The special terrain that forms many checkpoints.

There is a tributary of the Yellow River in the south.

In addition to being beneficial to agriculture,

It also has blocking effect.

There are many mountains in the west.

The terrain is more dangerous.

To the east is the Bohai Sea.

This is a very advantageous position in the military. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty,

Yuan Shao had to spend a lot of troops to destroy Gongsun Zan.

At that time, Gongsun Zan's base camp was in today's Beijing. Now I will answer the questions one by one: Q 1: Beijing is a coastal area.

Foreigners can easily occupy the capital. Answer 1: Your theory is not objective.

first

At that time, the Qing dynasty did not attach importance to maritime power.

Complacency and conservatism

Foreigners are constantly developing weapons.

Develop maritime hegemony

The result was beaten out of the water by foreigners; second

Maritime defense is not Beijing.

But a defensive line formed by Liaodong Peninsula and Shandong Peninsula.

This line of defense is like a crab's paw.

Although Li Hongzhang once formed the most powerful navy in East Asia-beiyang fleet guarding Shandong and Liaodong.

The result was a fiasco in the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895.

And lost a lot of generals.

Fleet and Shandong Peninsula

Japan successfully cut off a crab claw in the Qing Dynasty.

This war fully exposed the corruption and incompetence of the Qing Dynasty. Question 2: Explain Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming, Qing and Republic of China.

People and countries in China still regard Beijing as their capital? Answer 2: Explain it clearly.

Liao did not regard Beijing as its capital.

Because Beijing was developed for military needs at that time.

Therefore, the Liao Dynasty regarded Beijing (then called Yanjing) as a castle.

Stopped Song Jun's Northern Expedition. The first country to move its capital to Beijing was the State of Jin.

Because at that time, Xu Jin had successfully occupied the Central Plains.

In order to invade the south more effectively and conveniently

Just moved to Beijing. During the Yuan Dynasty,

Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu continues to take Beijing as its capital.

The biggest reason is that he went to the north by himself.

Accustom oneself to life in the north.

And he's not Han.

It is impossible to move south to Luoyang and Nanjing. During the Ming Dynasty,

Zhu Yuanzhang made Nanjing his capital.

After Judy rose to the throne.

Because he lived in the north for a long time.

In addition, he was afraid that southerners and descendants of Zhu Yuanzhang's old ministers would oppose him.

So I decided to move the capital to Beijing.

And spend a lot of manpower and material resources to rebuild Beijing.

Many places in Beijing today were built in the Ming Dynasty. In the Qing dynasty,

Because their hometown is today's three northeastern provinces.

Beijing is only guarding the northeast.

Prevent southerners from attacking their hometown. By the late Qing Dynasty,

Kang Youwei once proposed to Emperor Guangxu to move the capital to Xi 'an.

Just like you think.

However, Empress Dowager Cixi strongly opposed it.

Have an antipathy to Kang Youwei

Think Kang Youwei these people are under the banner of reform.

In fact, it is the revival of the Ming Dynasty.

Although Beijing was ravaged by Eight-Nation Alliance.

The threat of the rise of neighboring Japan

Empress Dowager Cixi still has no idea of moving the capital.

Because he knew that the Qing dynasty moved the capital.

It will inevitably lead to a serious division of the country.

By this time, the chaos in the Qing dynasty was more serious. At the beginning of the Republic of China, Beijing was indeed the capital.

However, Yuan Shikai is a man who pursues fame and reputation.

It is a continuation of the Qing Dynasty.

With a strong warlord color.

At this time, the situation in China is very serious and difficult.

It was not until Chiang Kai-shek came to power that he moved the capital to Nanjing.

Finally, due to Chiang Kai-shek's anti-Japanese policy

Finally, even Nanking fell.

The whole country moved its capital to Chongqing. As for People's Republic of China (PRC), Beijing was the capital when it was founded.

Tell the truth.

I don't know.

Or inherit the orthodoxy of the previous dynasty.

It is also because Beijing's international status was constantly improving in the late Qing Dynasty. I disagree with your theory.

First of all, Beijing is now recognized as an international city and capital in the world.

Second: Beijing does contain Japan.

south

Korea

Russia

Mongolia

Taiwan Province Province and other northern countries

Help stabilize the situation in the north (especially in the south)

North Korea issue) and * * *

Once the capital moves inland,

Will weaken China's advantage

third

Beijing, as the capital, has been deeply rooted in people's hearts.

Beijing is facing the problem of desertification.

If * * * does not face up to the seriousness of the problem

It is really possible to move the capital one day. Xi 'an can't be the capital.

You must remember.

Nowadays, technology no longer needs to be buried in hand-to-hand combat.

It's all science and technology competitions.

There are several cities that are useless to protect.

It also affects ordinary people. These are all my theories.

If you are dissatisfied or wrong.

Please forgive me.

Reference: self

In fact, I think a country's capital still depends on Feng Shui. I think maybe everyone has forgotten Feng Shui. To see the scenery in Beijing, we should start with the Forbidden City. The Forbidden City sits in the direction from due north to due south, which is called Ziwu Town in geomantic omen. Because I am used to the feng shui layout in the front north, sitting north facing south, the water level on the east side is certain, whether it is a prince or a temple. Because it is an invincible game to ride on the North East Water, it is thought that land transportation can be extended to achieve the image of all traffic.

What a heated argument! But personally, I think that Beijing is not necessarily the most suitable capital for China today.

The landlord sent an important question. Personally, I think it is not the best choice for Beijing to become the capital, more or less because of foreign dynasties in China, such as Liao, Jin, Yuan and Qing Dynasties. I think a city is designated as the capital of a country, usually because it is located in the heart of a country, often in the middle of a country or in the middle of a region with the best economic development. For example, Madrid, the capital of Spain, Kyoto, the old capital of Japan, Hanyang, the capital of the Korean dynasty, etc. Both are located in the middle of the country, while Moscow, the capital of Russia, and London, the capital of Britain, although not in the middle of a country, are the richest areas in this country (the European part of Russia, the southeast of England). However, another condition that makes a city a capital is historical human factors. For example, Berlin, Germany, which is neither in the center of Germany nor in the richer west of Germany, can become the capital of Germany, because it is the old capital of Prussia, which unified Germany. For another example, Russia used St. Petersburg as its capital because Peter the Great was bent on moving the capital. I think the location of China's capital has always been caused by economic factors and historical human factors. Beijing was designated as the capital of China mainly due to historical and cultural factors. The original capital of China is Xianyang in Guanzhong and Chang 'an nearby. Although many historical records have pointed out that Xianyang/Chang 'an has its geographical advantages in becoming the capital of China, but if it was not the Qin State that unified China from Guanzhong and Liu Bang who founded the Han Dynasty, he first took Guanzhong as his base camp. Simply from the geographical and economic conditions, Chang 'an is located in the west of China, and it is not the most ideal place to build the capital. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, the capital of China began to move eastward to Luoyang and Yecheng, which were close to the center of the Central Plains, probably because Chang 'an was too west. Luoyang and Yecheng are not bad, but the former is blocked by surrounding mountains and difficult to expand; The latter is a place of four wars and is not a good choice. However, during the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Northern Zhou Dynasty, which occupied Guanzhong and lacked the most human and material resources, became rich and strong because of the Guanzhong-oriented policy. It even inherited its Sui Dynasty and unified China based on Guanzhong, and the capital of China returned to Chang 'an. However, China people hope to build canals to develop grain transportation and solve the problem of the capital moving westward. This uncalculated mode of transportation became even more impracticable after the war in the late Tang Dynasty, so that China moved its capital to Kaifeng, the capital of the Central Plains in the Five Dynasties. Based on economic and geographical factors, Bianliang, located in the hinterland of the Central Plains, is a good choice as the capital of China, but its disadvantage is that there is no natural barrier to defend it and it is easily affected by the Yellow River flood, so it cannot become the final capital of China in the end. It is strange that China can't find a suitable place to be the capital, but Beijing, which is valued by the Hu people, has become the capital because of historical factors. Back in Beijing, before the Song Dynasty, Beijing was just a border city called Youzhou, which was similar to the capital of today's border provinces, such as Nanning in Guangxi and Harbin in Heilongjiang. Although it is a military town and a city for foreign trade, it cannot be compared with Beijing-level cities such as Chang 'an and Luoyang. Moreover, during the Youzhou period, Beijing was a gathering place of Han and Hu, and the folk customs were fierce. On the contrary, An Lushan fought against the Tang Dynasty in Youzhou, and Lulong was the main buffer region in the late Tang Dynasty. Beijing used to be the weirdest place in the central court, so how could it be a good choice to become the capital of China? However, the status of Beijing is very important to the conference semifinals outside the customs. The historical development of China is that the economic center moves eastward, but even the northern Hu people who threaten China move from west to east. During the Han and Tang Dynasties, the foreign invasions of the Huns, Turkic Uighurs and Tubo were mostly located in the west of China. However, after the Song Dynasty, foreigners who threatened China, such as Khitan, Jurchen and even Japan, were all located in the east or east-northeast of China. Beijing, located in the northeast of China, is the nearest Han city to these foreign nationalities. In addition, Beijing area has been a gathering place of Han and Hu nationalities since the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and the resistance to Hu people outside the customs is weaker than that in other parts of China. Therefore, Beijing became the best stepping stone for the conference semifinals outside the customs to enter the Central Plains, so Beijing was chosen as the capital. In addition, its capital has another advantage for the Hu regime, that is, Beijing is very close to its own lair outside the customs. Hu people are, after all, ethnic minorities with backward culture. Although they ruled * * *, when * * * rebelled successfully, millions of conference semifinals could be wiped out by hundreds of millions of * * *, and their capital could be in Beijing, close to their lair, and they could walk faster. But for * * *, Beijing is located in the northeast border of China and is "polluted" by the Hu nationality, so its capital is not a good choice. Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of Ming Dynasty, chose Nanjing, the capital of the Yangtze River, which was actually more in line with the political, economic and geographical situation of China. However, after Judy, the prince of Yan, took office in Beijing (then called Peiping), he moved the capital according to his own subjective will, because Beijing was his territory. Besides, he understands that Beijing is not only a border town, but also a city of nine to one. Afraid that others would learn from him, he took Beijing as his base and simply moved the capital to the son of heaven. Many historians point out that the move of the capital to Beijing in the Ming Dynasty was a failure of national defense in the Ming Dynasty, because foreigners could easily threaten the capital, such as Vala in the Yingzong period, Mongolia in the Sejong period, and Manchu in the late Ming Dynasty. In fact, it's all just an accident, just because the capital of the Ming Dynasty is on the side, and Daming is very embarrassed. When the Manchu entered the customs, Beijing was close to the northeast of their lair, so it was naturally the first choice to build its capital. Beijing, the capital, has been the capital of China for more than 500 years against the overall interests of China, but its foundation has been solid, so it has become the capital of China now. In fact, I think from the economic and geographical situation of China, Nanjing is more suitable as the capital of China than Beijing.

Reference: My best answer to similar questions before.

The capital of the Republic of China is Nanjing, not Beijing. Up to now, the capital written in the Constitution of the Republic of China is still Nanjing, not Beijing or Taipei. Please note that Taipei is only the capital or temporary capital, because now the territory of the Republic of China is occupied, and the Republic of China has never given up the inherent territory of the mainland.

Because Beijing should be the most suitable capital city at that time. Xi 'an is really good, so Xi 'an has always been its capital in the Western Zhou Dynasty, Qin Dynasty, Han Dynasty, Jin Dynasty, Sui Dynasty and Tang Dynasty. However, at the end of the Tang Dynasty, due to the shortage of cultivated land and grain supply in Guanzhong area where Xi 'an was located, it was feasible to transport grain from Kanto to Guanzhong, but it was difficult to transport it in ancient times, so it seems that few dynasties have made Xi 'an their capital since the Song Dynasty. Liao and Jin countries have never captured Xi 'an, so how can Xi 'an be their capital? And they are from north to south, and Beijing is close to their base area, so Beijing is used. (But speaking of which, I remember that there are Beijing, Tokyo and Xijing in the State of Jin. Is Beijing really the capital? ) Yuan Xian destroyed the state of Jin, and it will take decades to occupy the south, so the strength of the south is weak, and Beijing is close to the birthplace of Mongolia, which is probably the case. Moreover, ancient navigation technology was backward, and there was no "foreign navy" attack at all. Nanjing was originally the capital of the Ming Dynasty, but it was only after the Jingnan Incident that it moved to Beijing. First, because the base area of Ming Chengzu is Beiping; Second, because Nanjing surrender is not credible; Third, because we have to guard against Mongolia. Ming Chengzu was originally a vassal. He was afraid that other vassals would launch another mutiny like him, so he cut the vassal. But without the captaincy, he was afraid that he had no power to stop the Mongol invasion. So I simply moved the capital to Beijing, which can be understood as "devoting all my strength to the north." In the Qing dynasty, basically everything was inherited from the Ming dynasty. Similarly, the birthplace of the Qing dynasty is the three northeastern provinces, and Beijing is near the three northeastern provinces. If you can't beat * * * in the south, you can flee to your hometown immediately. However, since the invasion of China by foreign powers, Liang Qichao (or Kang Youwei) has written to ask the Qing Dynasty to move its capital to Xi 'an. The second reason may be that the existing railways in China can solve the food problem in Guanzhong, but the Qing Dynasty may think that moving the capital is troublesome or disrespectful. Beijing is the capital, because the first big city they captured was Beijing, and because Beijing came from "surrender" and was not devastated by the war (I'm not sure Xi 'an is willing to surrender). As for the coast, although it is easy to be occupied, it can also be understood that the traffic is good and it is convenient to transport materials to Beijing by sea.

Reference: self

Although the coast is easy for people to capture the capital

But foreign transportation and trade will be more convenient than inland. Besides,

Because China is invaded by foreigners every day.

Beijing is closer to the Great Wall.

Everything can be transferred immediately. Once someone crosses the left Great Wall, it will definitely be over ... If it turns out, it will leave sixteen counties.

It's hard to play.

There are traces to be found.

We must defend the north. Liao, Jin, Yuan and Qing are all foreigners.

They chose Beijing because of the climate there.

The south is easily acclimatized, but Xi 'an has long been left-leaning.

When the fruits are buried together, the economic center of gravity moves south.

Before the burial, it was affected by the war.

Many people need to recuperate, and Nanjing is their capital in the early Ming Dynasty.

It's just that the prince's power is Beijing

Therefore, after seizing power, Beijing was changed to the capital and the Republic of China.

People's Republic of China (PRC)

Mainly, Beijing has been the capital of all previous dynasties.

It is a symbol of status and power.

Buried in the Forbidden City? D stands for Beijing, the national architecture department.

Beijing will definitely be the capital. Of course.

Beijing is not a good place.

Affected by sandstorms ... Xi is a deep place.

Before the Tang Dynasty, this was the best place to be the capital. If it fails, war will break out.

Affect the development of the left

Both population and economy have moved south.

The northern coastal areas are relatively rich.

After being buried together, most of them were ruled by foreigners.

Therefore, it is not an ideal place. 2008-03-0811:32: 06 Supplement: The transportation in Beijing is more convenient.

Land and water are good; But Xi' an Anduo Mountain.

Communication and transportation will be more difficult.

The center of Beijing is located at 39 degrees 54 minutes north latitude and 1 16 degrees 23 minutes east longitude. Located on the northwest edge of North China Plain. Beijing is adjacent to Tianjin and is surrounded by Hebei Province together with Tianjin. Beijing is surrounded by mountains in the west, north and northeast, and the southeast is a plain that slowly inclines to the Bohai Sea. Beijing Plain is 20-60m above sea level, and mountainous areas are generally1000-1500m. Dongling Mountain, which borders Hebei, is 2309 meters above sea level and is the highest peak in Beijing. The territory flows through five major rivers, mainly Chaobai River and North Canal in the east, Yongding River and Juma River in the west. The terrain of Beijing is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. The western part is the Western Mountain of Taihang Mountain, and the northern part is Du Jun of Yanshan Mountain. The two mountains intersect at the south exit of Guangou, forming a semi-circular mountain bend that spreads to the southeast. People call it "Beijing bend", and the small plain it surrounds is the Beijing small plain. Look at the topography of Beijing, which is surrounded by mountains and seas, and the situation is magnificent. As the ancients said: "The land of Youzhou has the sea on the left, the Taihang Mountain on the right, the Yongjiang River in the north, the big river in the south and the land of abundance."

Because Beijing is in the center of China.

Businessmen used to do business from south to north or east to west.

Will pass through Beijing

So many dynasties will choose Beijing as their capital.