How about the state-owned logistics industrial park?

With the development of social economy, the demand for logistics industrial parks has gradually expanded, and logistics parks with different types and functions have sprung up, which has become a key factor that cannot be ignored in regional economic and industrial development. However, the uneven management, services, facilities and equipment have caused a waste of resources and failed to play its due role.

I. Development Scale of China Logistics Park

China Logistics Park appears around 1999. Pinghu Logistics Park was launched in Shenzhen, with a planned land area of 14.6 square kilometers. A management committee was established and introduced to the society. Since then, many local governments have actively planned and built logistics parks, forming a park fever. According to statistics, there will be 1802 national logistics parks in 2020 and 20 15-2020. The number of logistics parks in China is increasing by 8.3% every year. In recent years, the state has started to rectify all kinds of parks, and the pace of construction of logistics parks has slowed down. A number of logistics park projects without detailed planning were cancelled. On the whole, the construction of logistics parks in China has shown a steady growth trend, but the growth rate has gradually increased.

Changes in the number and scale of logistics parks in China from 2006 to 2020 (unit: home)

Source: China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing, Prospective Industry Research Institute of China Logistics Society.

Second, the classification and profit model of logistics parks

1, logistics park type

In 20 17, China's national standardization administration Committee issued "Basic Requirements for Classification and Planning of Logistics Parks" GB/T2 1334-20 17, which divided logistics parks into five categories.

Freight service: planning and construction based on air transport, water transport or land transport nodes (hubs); Provide supporting facilities for the distribution and transshipment of a large number of goods; It mainly serves regional logistics transshipment and transportation mode conversion. (Remarks: Airport Logistics Park relies on the airport, focusing on air transport and express delivery, connecting air transport and road transshipment; Port logistics park relies on seaport or river port to connect water transport, railway and highway transshipment; Land port logistics park relies on highway hub or railway station to connect highway and railway transshipment)

Production service: planning and construction based on manufacturing clusters such as economic development zones, high-tech parks and industrial parks; Provide comprehensive logistics services for production enterprises; It mainly serves the material supply, product production, sales and recycling of production enterprises.

Commercial services: planning and construction based on various wholesale markets, professional markets and other commodity distribution centers; Provide comprehensive logistics services and supporting commercial services for commercial circulation enterprises; Mainly serving the commodity distribution in the commercial circulation industry.

Port services: planning and construction of special supervision areas and places such as seaports, airports, dry ports and customs based on opening to the outside world; Provide international logistics comprehensive services for international trade enterprises; It mainly serves the customs declaration, inspection, warehousing, international procurement, distribution, international transit and international commodity display of import and export goods.

Comprehensive service: a logistics park with two or more service functions.

2. Profit model of logistics park

Logistics park has a large investment and a long payback period. Different logistics parks have different profit models and profitability due to different investors and different functional orientations. But on the whole, there are four main sources of profit for logistics parks, namely, land appreciation income, rental income, service income and investment income.

Land appreciation: investors buy land from the government at a low price. After the development is mature, the value of land will rise, and the value of houses and buildings will also rise. The holder can choose to cash out at a high price, or continue to hold the operation to preserve the value.

Rental income: operators rent warehouses, office buildings, parking lots and logistics equipment in the park to earn income.

Service income:

(1) Property services: provide high-quality property services to customers in the park and charge property service fees.

(2) Information service: use the gathered resources to build an information docking and service platform, one is to provide vehicle stowage information, the other is to provide commodity supply and demand information, and the third is to provide a package of intelligent warehousing and logistics management system services, and extract commissions or annual fees from these services.

(3) Other services: service fees are charged through training services, financing services and technical services.

Investment income: invest in logistics processing, distribution and e-commerce projects with development potential.

Third, the problems faced by the development of China Logistics Industrial Park

1, land restrictions

In recent years, with the acceleration of urbanization, land resources are increasingly scarce and land costs are rising. Especially in developed cities such as Beishangguangshen and Shenzhen, the stock of land is decreasing, and the supply of new land is insufficient, which leads to "one warehouse is hard to find" and logistics enterprises are forced to spread to surrounding or even further areas. The expansion of urban distribution radius not only increases logistics costs, but also affects commodity freshness and service quality. Land constraint has become the biggest factor that hinders the development of logistics parks.

2, talent constraints

In recent years, new technologies, new models and new formats have emerged constantly, which has promoted the reform of logistics management, operation and organization mode, and the demand structure of logistics talents has undergone tremendous changes. The shortage of high-level professionals and compound talents has become a common phenomenon. At present, the problem of talents has become the main factor restricting the development of logistics parks, especially logistics information talents, logistics management talents, talents connecting industrial chain and supply chain, and international logistics talents.

3. Financial constraints

Due to the large initial capital investment and long payback period, the logistics park is short of funds in the operation process, and even the development funds are broken in the later stage. The financing and withdrawal mechanism is not perfect, and it is difficult for small and medium-sized private enterprises to finance and withdraw, and large state-owned enterprises dare not rashly enter. The enclosure and speculation of real estate, the imperfection of industry standards and the unclear mode have aggravated the reluctance of social capital to enter rashly. Indeed, financial support leads to insufficient supporting facilities, poor service quality and low level of informationization and intelligence in some logistics parks, which restricts the high-quality development of logistics parks.

4. Planning constraints

Due to the stimulation of policies and the promotion of some speculative behaviors, some logistics parks lack scientific planning, rush to launch, and fail to effectively connect with regional economic development. First, it is not connected with the regional economic development planning and the actual logistics demand, which leads to the unclear development orientation, large area and vague profit model of the park; Second, the lack of effective connection with transportation planning leads to poor connection of transportation lines and low transportation efficiency, making it difficult to realize transit and combined transportation; Third, the lack of overall coordination with urban construction planning and industry resource allocation leads to the phenomenon of idle logistics resources, unbalanced utilization, and unbalanced traffic and flow direction of transportation and distribution vehicles. All this has caused a lot of waste of resources.

Fourthly, the development trend of logistics industrial park.

Specialization: After China's economic development entered a new normal, the industrial division of labor was further clarified, and the warehousing and logistics needs of manufacturing and processing and commercial enterprises were refined. Logistics parks relying on industrial clusters such as steel, automobiles, household appliances, electronics and food cold chain will develop rapidly relying on stable market demand. More specialized services make transportation costs lower, distribution efficiency higher, economic and social benefits better, and can better meet the needs of professional customers.

Informatization: With the new generation of technological revolution and industrial transformation, new technologies, new models and new formats will profoundly affect the development direction of logistics parks and help them transform into intelligence. The interconnection of information and facilities will promote the interconnection of logistics, realize the online transformation of the park business, build an online logistics park, and at the same time digitize the business to break the dilemma of information asymmetry.

Platformization: In the future, the operational data resources based on informationization and precipitation in the logistics park will no longer be a simple storage and transshipment space carrier, but a power platform to drive industrial development. In addition to providing basic space supporting services and property services, operators will also provide services such as government affairs, information release, resource docking, financing assistance, talent training and intelligent management through public platforms, making the park a collection of business flow, logistics, information flow and capital flow.

Greening: With the goal of "carbon neutrality" put forward, the emergence of green logistics parks has accelerated. The logistics park will strengthen the innovation of green operation technology, continuously improve the level of logistics greening, and build, operate and manage the park through various modes such as green packaging, green distribution, green recycling, green intelligence and green energy supply, and change to the direction of low pollution, low consumption, low emission, high efficiency and high benefit.