What is a state-owned enterprise and what is a central enterprise?

The main differences between state-owned enterprises and central enterprises are: different departments directly under them, different responsibilities, different enterprise concepts, different development space and different enterprise scales.

1, directly under the jurisdiction of different departments:

State-owned enterprises are managed by local governments and directly controlled by local state-owned assets management committees. Central enterprises are directly managed by the State Council.

2. Different responsibilities:

The functions undertaken by central enterprises and state-owned enterprises are different. Central enterprises are the economic lifeline of the country and the ruling foundation of the party. The Party strengthens its absolute leadership over state-owned enterprises, strengthens "working for the Party in the economic field", emphasizes the consistency of the two, and gradually puts them in place from the management system. The party secretary and chairman are the monitor of state-owned enterprises, and the general manager is the vice monitor. This has a clearer positioning with the previous factory director responsibility system.

3. Different concepts:

Simply put, central enterprises are a kind of state-owned enterprises. All central enterprises are state-owned enterprises, but not all state-owned enterprises are central enterprises. Central enterprises are a small concept, while state-owned enterprises are a big concept. State-owned enterprises include central state-owned enterprises and local state-owned enterprises, that is, central enterprises and local state-owned enterprises are collectively called state-owned enterprises.

4. The development space is different.

From a pragmatic point of view, the development space of central enterprises is greater than that of local state-owned enterprises. From the perspective of income, the welfare of central enterprises is higher than that of ordinary local state-owned enterprises. From the perspective of long-term stability, central enterprises are more stable. Because state-owned enterprises assume social responsibilities in order to solve the employment problem, they will not easily dismiss employees from the society, because this will increase the social burden. Therefore, state-owned enterprises, especially central enterprises, are also a valuable resource.

4, the enterprise scale is different:

Central enterprises are the pillars of the national economy and have a large scale. State-owned enterprises are generally small enterprises controlled by local governments.

State-owned enterprises, namely state-owned enterprises, refer to wholly state-owned enterprises, wholly state-owned companies (enterprises are different from companies) and state-owned capital holding companies.

Central enterprises, that is, central enterprises, also known as "centrally managed enterprises", are mainly engaged in major industries and key fields related to national security and the lifeline of the national economy, and are the pillars of the national economy.

Central enterprises belong to a small part of state-owned enterprises. The importance of the two is different. State-owned enterprises mainly mean that the state and local governments perform the responsibilities of investors, and central enterprises are engaged in important industries and fields.

At present, central enterprises are divided into three levels:

The first category is 96 state-owned enterprises managed by SASAC the State Council, which provide public products, natural monopoly products and competitive products.

The second category is the central enterprises managed by the Ministry of Finance and Central Huijin Company, belonging to the financial industry.

The third category is the central enterprises managed by other departments or mass organizations in the State Council, such as tobacco, gold, railway passenger and freight transportation, ports, airports, radio and television, culture, publishing and other industries.

The level of SASAC hosting central enterprises:

In fact, we all know that state-owned enterprises are hierarchical, and the most important ones are two ministerial-level enterprises: China Railway Corporation and China Investment Corporation.

There are 49 deputy ministerial-level enterprises, such as PetroChina and Sinopec. The leading group is managed by the First Bureau of Enterprise Management of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council, and its leader is appointed by the Central Organization Department.

The other 47 central enterprises under the jurisdiction of SASAC are bureau-level units, and their leading bodies are managed by the Second Bureau of Enterprise Management of the State Council SASAC.

China famous central enterprises:

1, China Petrochemical Group Company

China Petrochemical Co., Ltd., referred to as "China Petrochemical" or "China Petrochemical" for short, is a super-large petrochemical enterprise group reorganized by the state on the basis of the original sinopec group 1998, and is a central enterprise directly under the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council. It is the largest supplier of refined oil and petrochemical products in China and the largest oil refining company in the world.

2. China Oil and Gas Group Co., Ltd.

China Petroleum and Natural Gas Group Co., Ltd., referred to as "China Petroleum" or "PetroChina" for short, is an important state-owned backbone enterprise, a comprehensive international energy company with oil and natural gas business, engineering and technical services, petroleum engineering construction, petroleum equipment manufacturing, financial services and new energy development as its main businesses, and one of the major oil and gas producers and suppliers in China.

3. State Grid Corporation, with revenue of 2091300 million yuan in 2020.

State Grid Corporation was established on February 29th, 2002. It is a wholly state-owned company directly managed by the central government, and a large-scale key state-owned enterprise that is related to the lifeline of the national economy and national energy security. The company takes power grid investment, construction and operation as its core business, and undertakes the basic mission of ensuring safe, economical, clean and sustainable power supply.

China Offshore Oil Group Co., Ltd.

China Offshore Oil Group Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "China Offshore Oil" or "CNOOC") is a super-large state-owned enterprise directly under the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council, China. The enterprise has achieved leap-forward development, and its comprehensive competitive strength has been continuously enhanced, maintaining a good development trend. From an upstream company solely engaged in oil and gas exploration, it has developed into an international energy company with prominent main business and complete industrial chain, forming six business segments: oil and gas exploration and development, professional technical services, refining and chemical sales, fertilizer, natural gas and power generation, financial services and new energy.

5. China Construction Technology Co., Ltd.

China Construction Technology Co., Ltd. (CAG) is a large-scale backbone science and technology central enterprise directly under the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council. It is one of the earliest design enterprises in China to enter the international construction market and gain the right to operate abroad earlier after the reform and opening up. 20 17 12.28 "China Architectural Design and Research Institute" was restructured and renamed as "China Building Technology Co., Ltd.". The business of China Architectural Design and Research Institute covers the survey, design, service, project contracting, town planning, technology research and development of architecture and municipal engineering.

6. China Construction Group Co. Ltd.

China Construction Group Co., Ltd., referred to as "China Construction" or "China Construction", was formally established in 1982, and its predecessor was the former Ministry of Construction. It is one of the few state-owned key enterprises that have developed and grown up with the core business of completely competitive construction and real estate. China Construction Group Co., Ltd. is one of the construction real estate enterprise groups with the longest professional operation history, the earliest market operation and the highest degree of integration in China. It has a complete industrial chain of construction products, including product technology research and development, survey and design, project contracting, real estate development, equipment manufacturing and property management. It is the only construction enterprise in China that has the third-level special qualification of engineering design in the construction industry, 1+4 qualification and Grade A qualification.

7. China Merchants Group Limited

China Merchants Group Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as China Merchants Group or China Merchants Group), formerly known as "China Merchants Group", was established on February 26th, 1872. It is the first shipping enterprise in China's modern history, the pioneer of China's national industry and commerce, and is known as "the epitome of China's national enterprises in a hundred years". China Merchants Group is a large-scale national enterprise group in Hong Kong and one of the four largest Chinese-funded enterprises in Hong Kong. Headquartered in Hong Kong, China, its main business activities are distributed in China, Hong Kong, the Mainland and Southeast Asia. The main business is land and water passenger and cargo transportation and agency, land and water transportation tools, equipment leasing and agency, investment and management of port and warehousing business; Salvage, salvage and towing at sea; Industrial manufacturing; Construction, repair, inspection and sales of ships and offshore oil drilling equipment; Maintenance and inspection of drilling platforms and vessels; Land and water construction engineering, etc.

China Mobile Communications Group Co., Ltd.

China Mobile Communications Group Co., Ltd. is referred to as "China Mobile" or "China Mobile Communications Group" or "China Mobile". It is a central enterprise established on April 20, 2000 according to the overall deployment of the national telecommunications system reform. Main business: basic telecommunications business; The specific business scope of value-added telecommunications services is subject to the license); Internet audio-visual program service, mobile TV distribution service, IPTV transmission service, etc.

9. China Railway Engineering Group Co., Ltd.

China Railway Engineering Group Co., Ltd., referred to as China Railway for short, was established in March 1950 and its headquarters is in Beijing. It is a multi-functional super-large enterprise group integrating infrastructure construction, survey and design and consulting services, engineering equipment and parts manufacturing, real estate development, railway and highway investment and operation, mineral resources development, material trade and other businesses. It is also the largest multi-functional comprehensive construction group in China and even Asia, and is now under the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council. Main business: civil construction and general contracting of lines, pipelines and equipment installation; Survey, design, construction, construction supervision, technical consultation, technology development, technology transfer and subcontracting of technical services of the above-mentioned projects; Development, production and maintenance of special mechanical equipment, equipment, components, vehicles, steel beams, steel structures and building materials for civil engineering.

10, China Railway Construction Group Co., Ltd.

China Railway Construction Group Co., Ltd., referred to as China Railway Construction, is a super-large central construction enterprise managed by the State Council State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission. China Railway Construction Corporation is one of the most powerful large-scale comprehensive construction groups in China and even in the world. Main business: technical consultation of railways, subways, highways, airports, ports, docks, tunnels, bridges, water conservancy and electric power, posts and telecommunications, mines, trees and municipal engineering, and general contracting or subcontracting of lines, pipelines and equipment installation; Geological disaster prevention and control project; Engineering construction management; Sales of cars and cars; Black metal, wood, cement.

Large state-owned enterprises in China:

1, China Airlines

Established in 1988, China Airlines is a listed company under Gan China Aviation Group, a well-known brand in the field of air transportation, listed in Hongkong and London in 2004 respectively, and a member of the World Star Alliance integrating air passenger transport, freight transport and logistics.

2. China Southern Airlines

China Southern Airlines, 199 1 an airline established in Guangzhou, is a world-class air transport enterprise operating more than 860 passenger and cargo transport planes, with 224 destinations reaching more than 40 countries and regions around the world and a network of 1000 routes.

3. China Eastern Airlines

China Eastern Airlines, an air transport group founded in 1957 and listed in new york, Hongkong and Shanghai on 1997, is also an air transport group with a modern fleet of more than 750 aircraft, with a network of 1 150 destination routes.

4. China Oil

China Petroleum, 1998, one of the major domestic oil and gas producers and suppliers, is a comprehensive international energy company integrating oil and gas exploration and development, oil refining and chemical industry, sales and trade, pipeline storage and transportation, engineering technology, engineering construction, equipment manufacturing and financial services.

5. China Petrochemical Company

Established in 1983, China Petrochemical Co., Ltd. is a super-large petrochemical enterprise group in China, which mainly focuses on oil and natural gas exploration, exploitation, transportation in Spring Festival travel rush, sales and comprehensive utilization, production and sales of new energy products, storage and transportation, and is also a super-large petrochemical group company with sinopec group as its predecessor.

6. China Offshore Oil Corporation

China Offshore Oil Corporation, 1982, a Fortune 500 company established in Beijing, is a large offshore oil and gas producer in China integrating oil and gas exploration and development, technical services, oil refining and sales, natural gas, power generation and financial services. It is also a well-known product in the petrochemical field, and its business covers more than 40 countries and regions around the world.

Cards.

7. Bank of China

Established in 19 12, this large commercial bank focuses on providing financial services in investment banking, securities, insurance, funds, financial technology and asset management for corporate and individual customers. It is also the longest listed bank on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and the Shanghai Stock Exchange respectively.

8. Industrial and Commercial Bank of China

Established in 1984, China Industrial and Commercial Bank is a state-controlled commercial bank with high influence in the global financial system, and is committed to providing comprehensive financial products and services for enterprises and individual customers. It is also a listed bank with a large market value and high profits in the world. In 2006, it was listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, respectively.

9. Agricultural Bank of China

Agricultural Bank of China, a wholly state-owned commercial bank established in 195 1 and listed on Shanghai Stock Exchange and Hong Kong Stock Exchange on 20 10 respectively, is a comprehensive financial service provider in China, focusing on providing comprehensive financial and banking products and services to various companies and individual users.

10, China Film Group

China Film Group, a well-known brand in the film industry, was established in 1999 and has the right to import films. It integrates the production, distribution, screening and film and television services of film and television producers. It is a large film company in China that landed on the A-share market on October 20 16 and listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange.