Summary of the main points of compiling water and soil conservation scheme for reservoir engineering?

Water and soil resources are the basic conditions for human survival and development and the foundation of economic and social development. Since the reform and opening up, the development, construction and township enterprises in various places have developed rapidly, and soil erosion caused by mining, digging, repairing, quarrying and sand mining has become increasingly serious. It has become an important task for China's economic and social development to control soil erosion and vigorously promote ecological environment construction. This paper mainly introduces the main points of water and soil conservation scheme of reservoir engineering, and studies it with specific examples. 1. Introduction to Reservoir Engineering 1. 1 Reservoir Overview This paper takes the newly-built Shixiazi Reservoir in Dazhou as an example. λ Reservoir is located on Dayan River, the second tributary of Bahe River to the west of Tieshan in Dachuan District. It is a medium-sized water conservancy project that comprehensively utilizes farmland irrigation, township water supply and rural drinking water. Dam site λ is located in Huangjiawu, Huangjin Village, Dayan Township. Geography λ is located at east longitude106 22' 21",north latitude 31kloc-0/5' 57", about 38.0km away from Dachuan city. The recommended dam site of the reservoir controls the Dayan River basin area of 52.2km2, and the normal storage capacity of Shixiazi Reservoir is λ4 1 1.00m, corresponding to the storage capacity of 20.2 million m3, dead water λ 3.85 million m, dead storage capacity of 2.45 million m3, check water λ4 13.55m and total storage capacity of 23.33 million m3. The designed irrigation area of the reservoir is 68,800 mu. Water supply through Shixiazi Reservoir and local small water conservancy facilities can solve the drinking water insecurity problem of 6 1.7 million people in 56 villages in 9 townships (towns) such as Guancun, Dayan, Zhaogu, Jintan, Dushi, Silkworm, Chenjia, Jiuling and Longhui. The project covers an area of 251.6m2 (including reservoir hub project 163.60 hm2 and irrigation canal system project 88.0 hm2). Total static investment/civil engineering investment: 626 million yuan/299 million yuan. Construction period: The total construction period of the reservoir hub project is 29 months, and that of the irrigation area project is 28 months. 1.2 Present situation of soil erosion in the project area According to the statistics of remote sensing data of soil erosion distribution map in Dachuan District of Dazhou City, the existing soil erosion area in Dachuan District is 1029.20km2, accounting for 38.2% of the total area of 2695km2. The average annual soil erosion in the loss area is 680.57× 104t, and the average erosion modulus is 4208t/km2? A, the loss type is mainly surface erosion. According to the division of soil and water conservation prevention and control in Daxian County, this project is located in the key prevention and control area of soil and water conservation in Sichuan Province, and the allowable soil erosion in this area is 500t/km2? Answer: There are two main types of soil erosion in the project area: hydraulic erosion and gravity erosion, of which hydraulic erosion is the main one, supplemented by gravity erosion. 1.3 prevention and control scheme of soil erosion China has special rules and regulations to control soil erosion. At present, it is mainly based on Technical Specification for Soil and Water Conservation of Development and Construction Projects (GB50433-2008) and Standard for Prevention and Control of Soil and Water Loss of Development and Construction Projects (GB50434-2008). According to this regulation, there are two responsibilities for the prevention and control of soil erosion in China, one is the project construction area and the other is the directly affected area. For the reservoir, the project construction area mainly refers to permanent land acquisition and temporary land occupation, while the directly affected area is a part outside the reservoir construction area, and the criterion for this part is whether the reservoir construction causes soil erosion. According to the overall characteristics of the reservoir, the responsibility quota χ of soil erosion is determined to be 310.60hm2.. [2] In view of the fact that the phenomenon of water and soil erosion in this reservoir is caused by many reasons, combined with the characteristics of water and soil erosion, the adopted water and soil control scheme mainly includes comprehensive control measures combining engineering measures, plant measures and temporary protection measures. Thus, a set of scientific prevention and control mechanisms and control measures are formed, soil and water are preserved, and the purpose of improving the surrounding environment of the reservoir is achieved. According to the comprehensive analysis of the new soil erosion prediction results and the existing soil and water conservation function engineering measures of the main project, the soil and water conservation prevention and control measures system of this project consists of two parts (reservoir hub project and irrigation district canal system project). According to the characteristics and soil erosion situation of each soil erosion prevention and control area, the prevention focus and measure configuration of each area are determined. Soil and water conservation measures include engineering measures, plant measures and temporary measures. Control the large-area and high-intensity loss area by engineering measures, and create conditions for the implementation of plant measures; At the same time, the combination of plant measures and engineering measures can improve the effect of soil and water conservation, reduce engineering investment and improve the ecological environment. According to the situation of soil erosion caused by construction activities, the prevention and control area will also adopt a combination of temporary measures and permanent measures to prevent new soil erosion caused by engineering construction in the whole process. 2. Specific measures of water and soil conservation plan for reservoir project 2. 1 Layout of water and soil conservation measures for reservoir hub project (1) Permanent works The permanent works of Daxian Shixiazi Reservoir include hub reservoir area and reservoir inundation. The arrangement of soil and water conservation measures in the two parts of this area is as follows: ① Hub building area: In this plan, in addition to the existing engineering measures and plant measures with soil and water conservation functions in the main design, temporary soil retaining and bare excavation are added for excavation and backfilling of slopes during construction. Surface protection, construction of temporary drainage ditches, soil erosion protection during construction of diversion weir filling, etc. Support and greening of newly excavated and backfilled slopes, preventive measures for demolition of construction diversion weir, cleaning of construction site, etc. Project management area: according to the main design requirements, build drainage facilities in the project management area, level the site, cover the soil, plant trees and plant turf for greening. Permanent roads and areas: temporary retaining measures during construction, temporary supporting measures for slope excavation and construction of temporary drainage facilities are added; According to the main design requirements, shoulder drainage ditch, slope protection and excavation slope greening, slope toe protection and slope grass planting, road greening on both sides, etc. ② Reservoir inundation? Area: The bottom of the reservoir has been cleaned in the design of the main project. In order to ensure the stability of the reservoir bank and reduce the soil erosion of the unstable reservoir bank, this scheme suggests that the main project should carry out slope protection and greening for the local unstable reservoir bank during the construction period. (2) Temporary engineering construction road: temporary support shall be provided for the cut excavation slope, and the toe of the embankment backfill slope shall be protected, and temporary drainage ditches and grit chambers shall be built on both sides of the construction road. After the project is completed, the road sections that need to be preserved shall be hardened and afforested; Other road sections shall be restored, ploughed or afforested. Yard: The topsoil stripped before mining in the new yard should be stored in a centralized way, and the temporary yard should be protected, protected and drained. When quarrying, temporary flood intercepting ditch should be built at the top of the designed excavation slope, flood drainage ditch and grit chamber should be built around the mining area, and corresponding engineering measures should be taken to seal and temporarily support the mining slope. The quarry should be restored after mining, and the bottom of the mining area should be covered with soil for rehabilitation or greening, and exposed after mining. The slope is covered with planted vines. Temporary stockyard: use temporary blocks for centralized stacking, use colored strips and soil bags to temporarily protect excavated materials, and at the same time, make temporary drainage ditches to prevent the formation of new sources of soil erosion. Abandoned slag yard: the topsoil of the slag yard is stripped first, and then stored and protected centrally for later reconstruction or greening of the slag yard. In the process of slag disposal, we should resolutely implement the principle of "blocking first and then stacking" and build slag retaining walls and drainage ditches. Before the slag treatment of this project. Only after the slag stopping and discharging facilities of the slag yard are perfect can the slag be piled up and abandoned in an orderly manner according to the designed capacity of the slag yard. After the project is completed, according to the design requirements of this scheme, the top surface of the slag body will be covered with soil, ploughed and afforested. The above contents are all new items in this scheme. Construction of production and living facilities: the site is leveled, drainage facilities are built around it, and after the construction, cultivated land is reclaimed for land restoration or greening. 2.2 Layout plan of soil and water conservation measures for irrigation canal system engineering (1) Canal system engineering area: In this scheme, in addition to completing the engineering measures with soil and water conservation function according to the requirements of the main design documents, the protection measures for soil and water loss of χ weir are added in the inverted siphon construction of Dayan River, drainage ditches are set on the excavated and backfilled slopes, and grass seeds or plant vines are scattered in the canal sections with greening conditions for greening. (2) Construction road: drainage ditches and grit chambers are built on both sides of the road. After the demolition of the temporary protection works of this project, the quantity of slag materials has been included in the main project. After the construction, the land will be ploughed again and greening measures will be taken. (3) Yard: plug the mining slope, build drainage ditch and grit chamber, peel off the topsoil of the yard before mining, and carry out temporary protection. After mining, vines are planted on the slope, and the bottom is covered with soil for rehabilitation. (4) Abandoned slag yard: the topsoil of the slag yard is stripped and backfilled, the topsoil is piled up in a centralized way, temporarily protected, a slag retaining wall and a drainage ditch are built, the top surface of the slag body is ploughed again, and the slope is afforested. (5) Construction of production and living quarters: the site shall be leveled, and drainage facilities shall be built around it. After the construction, cultivated land shall be reclaimed and other occupied areas shall be afforested. 2.3 Arrangement of soil and water conservation measures in the directly affected area The soil and water conservation measures in the directly affected area are mainly to strengthen the monitoring of excavation and filling in the construction process, manage λ and reduce soil erosion in the directly affected area. 2.4 Precautions for overall plant selection When selecting plants, it is necessary to adapt the trees to the right place, where the tree species are and where the grass species are. At the same time, we should also pay attention to the beautification and greening of the whole project. According to the geographical location of the region, selecting some cold-resistant and barren-tolerant tree species for planting can get twice the result with half the effort and strengthen the management of soil and water conservation. 2.5. The final effect of soil and water conservation If the reservoir is designed and constructed in strict accordance with the above measures, the new soil erosion of this development and construction project during the construction period and operation period can be effectively controlled, which plays an important role in improving and restoring the local ecological environment. Therefore, from the perspective of soil and water conservation, the construction of this project is feasible as long as it is strictly implemented in accordance with this soil and water conservation plan. Through the implementation of soil and water conservation measures, the restoration rate of disturbed land within the control responsibility of this project reaches 97.0%, the total water and soil loss control degree reaches 100%, the water and soil loss control rate reaches 1.0, and the slag retention rate reaches 10. 3. Conclusion After the implementation of various soil and water conservation measures, the soil erosion in the project area has been controlled, the increased forest and grass area has increased the coverage of surface vegetation, effectively blocked the flood caused by rainstorm, controlled soil erosion, protected soil and water resources, greatly improved the production and living environment of residents in the project area, created a good external environment for local economic development, promoted the sustainable development of regional economy and improved the living standards of residents, and achieved remarkable social benefits.

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