Ma Zhaolin: A Low-key Squire with Virtue and Art

At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, there was a juren Liu Shanmao in Tongshan, who lived in seclusion in Jiuxian Mountain and did not seek an official position. Zhuang Qicheng mentioned him in the Chronicle of Huang Daozhou, saying that "in its heyday, no one was willing to be an official and lived in the mountains without entertaining himself every day. Everyone said that" this country is also Yan's son. "Liu Shanmao's deeds are hard to test, but he is known as the Yan Hui of the country.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, there was also a juren and a horse in Tongshan, who did not seek official advancement, but recited poems and painted, taught and educated people. He is independent and helps the countryside at the same time. He enjoys poverty and happiness. Like Yan Hui, he "eats and drinks. In a mean alley, people are unbearable, and it is not fun to go back. " Ma Zhaolin was a famous squire in that era. He detached himself from the government and became the spokesman of Tongshan public opinion, playing a bridge role between the government and the people.

1、

Ma (1837- 19 18), whose name is Rui Shu, was Zhu Ping and Dong, a modern historical figure in Dongshan. This year marks the centenary of his death, and it is not far away. However, it is quite difficult to describe his life story, and many of his experiences cannot be accurately described. I wonder why no one has compiled a chronicle of horses, so that we can only be vague in many places when talking about his experiences.

1837, Ma was born in a family of traditional Chinese medicine in Tongling Town, Dongshan County. His father died young and his family came down. Mother hoped that he would follow in his father's footsteps and become a good doctor, but Ma was gifted and showed great interest in art. "Dongshan County Records" (Republic of China Edition) said: "The weak crown supplements the doctor's disciples and eats it." It can be seen that Ma was already a scholar around the age of twenty. 10 years later, 1873, he was selected as a trainee.

1875, promoted to imperial examination. This year, he was 39 years old in vain, and he was a late bloomer in the imperial examination. According to the description of related articles, it was not smooth to take the exam later. Ma's article was selected into Gong's Volume for the first time. Because of the examiner's mistake, his paper was removed, and Ma lost the chance to enter the palace for the exam. In the second exam, I was unable to take the exam in Beijing because of carbuncle behind my ears and physical discomfort. The third time, I happened to meet my mother's death, because I was not allowed to take part in the imperial examination during my filial piety, and I lost the opportunity.

From then on, Ma no longer wanted to be an official, but built the "Yi Yi Xuan" by entertaining himself. He devoted himself to painting, calligraphy and poetry, devoted himself to giving lectures and became a famous painter, scholar and poet. It has been nine years since I was promoted to teach in Yang Lian. In addition to preparing for the exam, I probably taught at Nunn College.

1884 (Shen Jianian), went to teach in Yang Lian, Chaoshan (now Chenghai, Shantou). The preface to the poem Blowing Sword Xuan says: "When I was years old, Shen Jia was located in Lianyang, Lingdong ... Everything was easy to be cold and easy to be hot." He lived in Li Jing's farmhouse and taught for three years. Li Jingnong is a predecessor in the field of poetry. Influenced by him, he also began to write poems. He said: "And Lin's ambition to rhyme songs began here."

His students Ma Zugeng and Ma Yizheng wrote a poem "Postscript" and said, "Mr. Zhu Ping has been in my home for more than ten years." Ma and Ma Yi are from Haicheng, Zhangzhou. Judging from the "merchants", they are students of Ma, and their other life experiences are unknown. Ma probably came back from Chaozhou and taught in Haicheng, Zhangzhou. He didn't return to Tongshan until he was about 60 years old and was re-appointed as the head of Nae Academy. 1908, Ma was 72 years old and founded Dongsheng Primary School.

In his later years, Ma traveled to the southeast provinces, studied art from Ren Bonian and Wu Changshuo, and painted with Ren Bonian on the same stage, and wrote a poem "Ren Bonian Painting Axis": praising his painting "The essence of spring comes out of the wrist and the ink is full of wind and rain."

Ma Zhaolin is versatile. He is good at erhu and solve riddles on the lanterns. He is also the head of the first Kunqu Opera Troupe "Pillow Heaven" in Dongshan. It should be said that Ma spent most of his middle age teaching, and devoting himself to education was his main business. Up to now, when Dongshan people talk about horses, they affectionately call him Teacher Ma.

2、

Ma Yisheng created many paintings and calligraphy works. According to the list of works provided by Ma's descendants, there are only 76 pieces. The actual figures are definitely more than these, and there should be a lot of works hidden in the crowd without statistics.

Ma's paintings and calligraphy have distinct artistic characteristics. His painting is characterized by "sparseness" and his overall style is lonely and elegant. His paintings are elegant in color, delicate in composition, concise and clear, and lofty in artistic conception, which can show the traces of simplicity and elegance of Ni Zan, a painter of the Yuan Dynasty. His calligraphy works are characterized by "antiquity", and Yuan's "On Garden Remains" says: "Calligraphy is sparse and picturesque." He also talked about the characteristics of his painting, which is "fast". He has a plan in his heart and can do it with a wave of his hand. "You can draw according to the case and finish the papers in an instant."

Ma's traditional Chinese painting has won many awards, the most famous of which is Four Screens in Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter, and won the honorary award of Panama World Expo. He was the first person in southern Fujian to knock on the door of Panama World Expo with a painting. This work is now in the Palace Museum, and it is Ma's masterpiece.

Ma is one of the representative painters of Zhao 'an Painting School, and his artistic peers think that he has successfully integrated the fresh and lively style of Shanghai School headed by Ren Bonian into Zhao 'an Painting School, which has played a connecting role and made Zhao 'an Painting School absorb new artistic nutrition. His calligraphy and painting art has been followed by later generations, such as his son Ma Zhengxiang, his grandson Ma Hanzhong and his great-grandson Ma Chi, all of whom are famous painters. His disciples Sha, Lin Jia and Ceng Yun, and later disciples Lin Shaozeng, Truffle, Zheng Tao, Ou Meishan, Peng Liutang, etc., are quite famous in southern Fujian.

"Dongshan County Records" (Republic of China Edition) commented: "In modern times, I was a painter in Fujian, pushing and smelting mountains and forests, and Mr. Ma Zhuping was in our city. The flowers made by Mr. Zhu Ping are natural and unrestrained. I worked late in the mountains and rivers, and my brushwork was leisurely and beautiful. Both exhibitions and competitions in Nanjing and Panama won excellent certificates, and people lived there. Most of the products sold in this market are knockoffs. "

3、

Blowing Sword Copy is Ma's only extant collection of poems. Ma made a preface in the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu, indicating that Poems was compiled in 1902. Ma said, "Take Zhuangzi's idea of a little knowledge, and say" Poems of Blowing Sword Xuan "." The allusion is taken from Zhuangzi's "The First broken arrow", which means that his poems can only make a faint sound, just like blowing air into a small hole in the head of a sword. This is a very modest metaphor for the smallness of personal speech.

Ma's poems are against this genre, emphasizing the true feelings and expressing the chest directly. He said: "The poet is talking about genre, but in fact the so-called faction has not been achieved, and my true self has been lost first. Shu Xi made up for his death, but he didn't see the elegant hall. Dongpo planned pottery, but did not see it enter the round room. There are clouds in Shaoling, reading thousands of books and writing like a god. With the inheritance of the two companies, self-sufficiency and driving the predecessors must be supplemented, which falls into the second meaning. Forests grow in a corner of the sea and are rarely exposed. I can't see the wonders of famous mountains and rivers, nor can I hear the teachings of sages and great men. I fell in love with the scenery because of the entrustment. Is it suitable for this genre? I don't know, but I forget my ears when I am happy. "

19 15, the governor of Fujian sent Xu Shiying to Xiamen to inspect Dongshan. He read "Blowing Sword and Copying with Xuan Shi" in Dongsheng School, which was greatly appreciated. He took the manuscript away, prepared a preface and published it. Later, due to the change of Xu Shiying's official career, his promise was not fulfilled.

1937, Ma Bosan, the grandson of Ma, sorted out some of his poems and gave them to Xiamen Mingming Printing Company for publication. In 2008, Ma Cheng, Ma's great-grandson, saved the original flavor and republished it in the form of a thread-bound book.

According to my statistics, there are 359 * * * poems. It is not known whether Ma did not publish his poems for economic reasons before his death. He has no articles handed down from generation to generation, which is really hard to get. In the 82-year life course, there should be a large number of articles and poems left in the world, and it is likely that a large number have been lost.

His poems touch on all aspects of life. What I appreciate most is Ma's attention and evaluation of new things, such as "A Railway Journey", and his curiosity jumps from the paper. He didn't avoid the reformers because they were regarded as traitors and thieves by the court, but evaluated them with his own conscience. His four inscriptions in The Collection of Ice Rooms are addressed to Liang Qichao, who thinks that Liang Qichao's remarks are "the road is always new, and the theory is not published". He wrote "Two Inscriptions by Mr. Nanhai" to Kang Youwei and sent him deep condolences. "Gong Jing's new law is not private, Dezuduo is a curse." Compare him to Wang Anshi and Yang Xiu. Ma also wrote "Hanging the Plenipotentiary Minister Su Yibo and Fuxiang Li" to Li Hongzhang, sympathizing with him for "swallowing the dangerous sound and not returning to hate six feet"

Ma's poetic style is natural and smooth. Broader thinking and higher realm. Yang Shipeng, a native of Zhangpu, is also a juren and has a wide range of friends. He praised Ma's poems and compared him with Lin Shu of Fuzhou. Lin Shu is a famous writer and translator. He thinks Lin Shu's poems are covered by paintings. He said:

"I can paint in Fujian for decades, pushing Mazhuping in Tongling and fearing Mr. Lu in the forest. ..... Read it, the body is extremely bright and clean, accommodating, generous and elegant. I remember writing a picture album to my friends last year, lamenting that the title of the poem was painted and hidden, and now it is also a bamboo screen Yunfu. " He thinks that Ma, like Lin Shu, is also covered with poems and paintings.

4、

1905 After the abolition of the imperial examination, the imperial court promulgated a new academic system, and various places began to set up new schools, gradually transitioning from traditional college lectures to classroom teaching in modern schools. In this context, horse schools have also begun to be organized. 1908, Tongshan Dongsheng junior high school was established, and he served as the first principal. He followed the historical trend and became the first person to open modern education in Dongshan. 19 1 1 year, Ma Zhengxiang, the son of Ma, founded a reading newspaper behind Dongsheng Primary School, the predecessor of Dongshan Public Library.

At that time, Tongshan belonged to Zhao 'an County, which was more than 60 kilometers from Tongshan City to Zhao 'an County. When encountering ordinary troubles, villagers often have to climb mountains and wade to the county government for mediation, which is both hard and time-consuming. Many people are miserable because they have to pay for the "cushion case" when entrusting government officials to handle it. Ma Zhaolin is easy-going, reasonable and helpful. For many years, he has been helping people solve disputes. He raised funds for the fishermen who were shipwrecked and brought justice to the aggrieved people. At that time, "Go to Teacher Ma to judge" was the mantra in Tongshan City. More importantly, he never charges for doing things for people, and it is said that he doesn't even accept a pig's hoof. However, some corrupt officials think that this has cut off their financial resources, accusing him of "setting up the court privately and breaking the rules privately" and preparing to be escorted to Zhangzhou for imprisonment. After people from all walks of life made efforts to rescue them, the authorities acquitted them.

In addition to the personal popularity of the horse, there is also an objective factor that Tongshan is too far from the county seat. 19 15, Fujian patrol ambassador Xu Shiying visited Tongshan port. Ma took this opportunity to lead a group of squires to respectfully ask Xu Shiying to land and ask him to set up a county government. Xu Shiying felt reasonable. After investigation, he believes that Tongshan really meets the conditions for building a county. With the approval of the central government, Dongshan County was formally established on May 19 1 2006.

It is said that when Xu Shiying visited Ma's house and saw Yi Yixuan was small and narrow, he offered to build a house for Ma. Ma Zhaolin quickly refused to say, "Enough, enough."

Squire, that is, squire, is a virtuous elder in the local area. Ma is a painter, a poet and a respected elder in Dongshan. Ma's artistic achievements are admirable, but I value his status as a squire more. He is a scholar who is not an official. He can't influence others and society through power. He didn't get rich through business, and he won't gain social recognition and respect through wealth. But in the eyes of Dongshan people, he is more memorable than many officials and rich people. Over the years, the gentry class has disappeared and gentry has degenerated into a strange term. Few people are Marek Zhao Lin now. It is said that as soon as Ma died, the store in Tongshan City closed down, and thousands of people spontaneously gave Ma a funeral. Now, which celebrity can get such treatment?

20 18 10 15