Operation and measures of building development?

In today's world, developing "low-carbon economy" has become an inevitable choice for all countries in the world to achieve sustainable economic and social development and move towards ecological civilization. "Low-carbon competitiveness" has also become the core element to enhance the comprehensive development ability of the country and social economy. Although there is no unified definition of the concept of green building at home and abroad, the internationally recognized definition of green building covers the following three aspects:

(1) Reduce the impact of load, resources and environment;

(2) Create a healthy and comfortable living environment;

(3) The integration of architecture and natural environment.

In China's national standards "Technical Guidelines for Green Building" and "Evaluation Criteria for Green Building", green building is defined as "a building that saves resources (energy, land, water and materials) to the maximum extent, protects the environment and reduces pollution, and provides people with healthy, applicable and efficient use space and lives in harmony with nature". According to the characteristics that green building can significantly improve energy efficiency and reduce energy consumption, vigorously developing green building engineering is an important measure to solve the energy shortage in China.

1 current situation of green buildings and building management in China

At present, China is in the stage of rapid development of construction industry, and the state has paid unprecedented attention to building energy conservation and emission reduction. Green building is one of the important ways to improve energy efficiency and reduce energy consumption, and vigorously developing green building is an inevitable trend and an urgent task. Since 1980s, marked by Lubuge Hydropower Station Project, China's construction management system has taken a major step of reform, and the construction management system is increasingly in line with international standards. The increasingly mature building management system and mode provide a reliable guarantee for the rapid construction and development of China city. Although the development prospect of green buildings in China is clear and the building management system is becoming more and more perfect, there is still a big gap between the development of green buildings in China and developed countries, and the progress rate is not satisfactory. The reasons for this situation are not only the late start and low starting point of green buildings in China, but also closely related to the imperfect laws and regulations, inadequate policies, lack of effective project management mode and supporting measures, and weak social environmental awareness. Therefore, we must conform to the development and needs of the times, combine building management with the connotation of building "green" and the requirements of sustainable development, and emphasize the green management of the whole life cycle of construction projects.

2 the government promotes the development of green buildings

In the whole process of green building development, governments all over the world play a very important role as promoters. It can be said that the government's support for the development of green buildings directly determines the pace of green buildings.

2. 1 analysis of laws and regulations to improve the management of green buildings in developed countries such as the United States and Britain, where the development of green buildings is at the forefront, we can find that legislation is always the first step and the most critical step to promote the development of green buildings. China has also made a lot of efforts in this regard from scratch, such as: in 2004, the Ministry of Construction promulgated and implemented the "National Green Building Innovation Management Measures"; In 2005, the Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Public Buildings was promulgated and implemented, and the Guide to Green Building in China, which took five years to compile, was promulgated for the first time. In 2006, the evaluation standard of green building was promulgated. However, due to the late start of green building legislation in China, there is no special green building law and green building management law. Although there are many provisions in these existing laws and regulations that actively encourage green buildings, due to the lack of compulsion, actual operation and implementation are not guaranteed. Therefore, perfecting relevant laws and regulations is the primary task of the state and the government, and it is also the first step to implement green building management.

2.2 Development of Green Building Evaluation System It is understood that the United States has developed a very mature grading evaluation system for green buildings-"LEED" (LEED for short). In Britain, as early as 1990, the famous "Environmental Assessment Method of Architectural Research Institute" (Breeam) was introduced for the first time, which is also the first set of green ecological building evaluation method applied to market and management in the world. An effective and mature evaluation system is an important evaluation and guidance for green building management. However, a mature evaluation system suitable for the current situation in China has not been developed. We can refer to the existing evaluation system in developed countries, and combine our national conditions, scientific research and practice to formulate a feasible evaluation system for green buildings.

2.3 To develop green buildings, we must speed up legislation. With perfect laws and regulations and a feasible green building evaluation system, the government must also adopt effective incentive systems and measures, increase investment in green building research, adopt economic incentive policies, highlight the role of the market in promoting green buildings, and mobilize the initiative and enthusiasm of architectural researchers. To develop green buildings in China, we should speed up legislation. From a global perspective, the establishment of the concept of green ecological architecture has gone through four stages: saving money and energy, paying attention to ecology, quantifying the environment and implementing laws and regulations. Since the 1980s, countries all over the world have emphasized the rational and comprehensive utilization of resources and energy, because they have deeply realized the limitations of resources and energy and the seriousness of environmental pollution caused by the massive use of some resources and energy. Some developed countries have organized themselves to explore the road of cost saving, energy saving and sustainable development of residential buildings. With the idea of sustainable development deeply rooted in people's hearts, countries all over the world pay more and more attention to the creation and protection of ecological environment in the construction of houses and other buildings, and build a large number of public buildings and residential quarters with the idea of "ecology", "green" and "health", aiming at creating an environment that can maintain the ecological balance of houses and other buildings without destroying its ecological balance, and creating a social space that can maintain and improve the healthy survival and sustainable development of human beings. In the stage of environmental quantification, it is found that the construction of many buildings such as houses is only superficial greening and beautification, and "green" is equated with "greening" without involving deep and rich connotations such as "ecology", "green" and "health". Therefore, in recent years, countries have put forward quantitative indicators of the ecological environment of buildings such as houses, and studied and formulated evaluation systems. As far as China is concerned, in recent years, the relevant authorities have successively promulgated the Technical Guidelines for Green Building, the Evaluation Criteria for Green Building, the Rules for the Use of the Evaluation Criteria for National Green Building Innovation Awards and the Evaluation Criteria for National Green Building Innovation Awards. However, the development of energy-saving and green buildings cannot be completely spontaneous, and must be enforced through laws and regulations. China's legislative work in this area is still lagging behind. The relevant departments have issued some departmental regulations on building energy efficiency management, but they are far from mandatory. Therefore, it is necessary to legislate by the state, be led by the government, mainly by legal means, supplemented by administrative means, and have both mandatory legal policies and specific reward and punishment measures, so as to accelerate the development of green buildings from the stage of environmental quantification to the stage of mandatory laws and regulations, and make the development of energy-saving green buildings embark on the track of legalization and standardization.

3 Project management is an effective model for developing green buildings

Scientific green project management is the inevitable choice of green buildings in the ecological era. "Green project management" is a comprehensive planning, control and coordination of a construction project from concept to completion, so as to meet the requirements of customers, and make the project complete within the specified time and approved cost budget, and meet the required quality standards and ecological environment indicators. It can be said that project management is an effective model for the development of green buildings in China.

3. 1 Effective development mode of project management Green building is only one type of building, and its project management mode must be based on the traditional project management mode. In the traditional project design management, the construction unit generally defines the design requirements through the design task book, entrusts the design unit to design the project, and then the construction unit, material/equipment supplier and supervision unit are responsible for the construction. Therefore, in the traditional project management, there is no special department responsible for the research and consultation of green buildings. Therefore, it is necessary to set up a professional green building consulting unit in the implementation of green building projects, which is responsible for the whole process of consultation and guidance from design to construction. When adopting relevant project management modes, such as common engineering project management modes suitable for green building projects abroad, such as DB mode, CM mode and PMC mode, etc. Based on the traditional project management mode, according to the different processes of each mode, through the cooperation of different clients and green building consulting units, a scientific project management mode suitable for green buildings can be created.

3.2 Promoting green buildings is an important part of the life cycle of buildings. Although the construction period is relatively short compared with the operation period of the building, the consumption of resources and energy in this period is very large. To achieve the goal of green building, we must pay attention to the green construction management in the construction process. In order to maintain the ecological environment and save energy in the construction process, reasonable construction technology and management scheme are adopted, and the whole construction process is quantitatively evaluated and controlled according to the existing building evaluation indexes. At the same time, because building construction is a technology-dependent and labor-intensive industry, it is an important management measure to improve the technical level and take effective measures to encourage construction enterprises to actively adopt effective and reasonable green construction technologies and methods. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the environmental awareness of all relevant personnel in the construction process, and the strengthening of green construction awareness and the whole environmental awareness are complementary. In the process of building engineering construction, due to the low level of some construction enterprises and the low education level of front-line employees, most employees have become accustomed to harsh noise, serious waste and bad habits. Therefore, in the construction management stage, it is necessary to educate and guide the whole construction team on the concept of green construction.

3.3 Improve the management of project evaluation and certification At present, China's construction administrative departments have not yet established an effective management model of evaluation and certification for the whole process of green building project management, so as to promote, evaluate and manage the whole process of project construction. In order to establish this kind of evaluation and certification management, an authoritative certification body must be fully responsible for evaluation and measurement, or a third party will issue the certification results alone, or after certification, the results will be issued to government departments, which will review and issue the certification results. Finally, by distributing the results to the market, a market-oriented green incentive and restraint system is formed.

4 improve the operation and management of green buildings

In the whole process of architectural design implementation, operation management has always been an easily overlooked link. It was not until the 1980s that countries began to study the overall operation and management strategy of buildings, while the management at this stage in China has begun to receive attention and research. An important aspect of the concept of green building is that the sustainability of the whole life cycle of the building must be considered. The operation stage of the building accounts for more than 95% of the whole life cycle of the building, which is the last link related to the success or failure of green building construction. To realize the real scientific management of green building, we must ensure the level of its operation and management stage. Poor operation and management will shorten the life of the building and cause great waste of building functions and resources. In the operation and management stage, in addition to the relevant investigation and planning in the early stage of architectural design, it is more related to the maintenance and use in the process of architectural operation, involving related users and individuals, including developers, property owners and so on. It is necessary to raise people's awareness of green buildings, increase publicity and education on the scientific use of green buildings, and provide long-term supervision and follow-up management services. To improve the operation and management of green buildings, we must first plan and expand the space for sustainable development. The development of building energy-saving work and the promotion of green buildings cannot be separated from the government's advanced guidance and supervision. The cases and ideas introduced by Economic Daily provide us with a good reference. For example, Shenzhen Guangming New District insists on planning first, implements overall planning and rationally plans spatial layout; Nanjing has actively compiled and promulgated a number of technical standards, such as the application of building energy-saving envelope and the labeling of building energy efficiency, to further accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements and mature experience into technical standards. To develop green buildings, we should strive to put planning first and standards first. It is necessary to further clarify and strictly implement the standards and requirements for energy-saving renovation of existing buildings, and strengthen the energy-saving management of new buildings, focusing on the supervision and implementation of standards in the design and construction stages.

At present, there are still many obstacles and difficulties in the promotion of green buildings in China. In addition to lack of understanding, effective incentive policies and strong laws and regulations, it is more important to lack effective construction management measures and methods suitable for green building projects. To achieve the goal of green building, it is the most important thing to establish a scientific and reasonable building management model and strategy and improve the scientific management technology level of green building.

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