Problems faced by Pudong waste incineration plant

After the incineration plant is completed, it will bear the burden of domestic waste treatment in the urbanized area of Pudong New Area, and whether it can operate normally and effectively is related to the domestic waste discharge in the new area.

Factory fixed equipment

The overall situation of roads, citizens' quality of life and overall environmental construction is of great significance.

Because this incineration plant is the largest domestic waste incineration plant in this city and even the whole country at present, its operation mechanism lacks precedent in China, and the whole disposal system involves a wide range, requires high technology and is systematic, which is very different from the traditional domestic waste disposal system, so it will encounter many difficulties in actual operation. According to the investigation and analysis, we think that the incineration plant will face some specific problems in three aspects after it is completed and put into operation.

(a) Relations with the Government

The treatment of municipal solid waste belongs to the category of urban management and maintenance and is one of the basic functions of the government.

After the incineration plant is completed, it will undertake the heavy responsibility of the way out and disposal of domestic garbage in Pudong New Area. As an independent enterprise, it will replace the government's function of dealing with domestic garbage. The relationship with the government will change from administrative subordination to the contractual relationship that the government entrusts to treat domestic garbage, and the nature of incineration plant's treatment of domestic garbage has not changed. Therefore, the government should continue to pay attention and support.

Most foreign governments subsidize household waste incineration.

For example, there are 1920 domestic waste incineration plants in Japan, of which 18 1 has power generation capacity, and 76 sell electricity online, with a power generation capacity of 770,000 kilowatts. Every year, 30.86 million tons of domestic garbage is incinerated, accounting for 72.8% of the total treatment capacity. All domestic waste incineration plants in Japan are invested and built by the government, and the operating expenses mainly come from renewable resources such as government subsidies, power generation income and sales fees. For example, the Hejian Workshop (waste incineration plant) in Osaka City was built in 1990, and the government invested180 billion yen (about RMB144 billion yuan). Every day, 600 tons of domestic garbage is incinerated, and the power generation capacity is10.2 million kilowatts. The operating cost of incineration 1 ton of domestic waste is about 1 ten thousand yen (about RMB 800 yuan). In addition to the income from power generation and resource recovery, the government subsidizes incineration plants by 6,543.808 billion yen (about RMB144 million yuan) every year.

At present, there are 229 domestic waste incineration plants in France, 29 of which are equipped with power generation equipment. The environmental protection law of France 1992 stipulates that direct landfill of domestic garbage is prohibited after 2000, and it must be burned first to reduce the amount. In order to promote the development of domestic waste incineration, the government subsidizes the incineration plant according to the treatment capacity, and the subsidy is about 450 francs (about RMB 670 yuan) per ton. And through the law, the government department is responsible for buying electricity from the incineration plant, which eliminates the worries of the incineration plant selling electricity.

China Taiwan Province Province plans to build 2 1 waste incineration plants, and 9 of them have been built and put into operation. It is expected to be completed and put into operation by 2003. By then, the daily incineration capacity of domestic waste will reach 22,000 tons, accounting for 75% of the total domestic waste output in Taiwan Province Province, and the power generation will be 450,000 kilowatts. Its construction and operation mechanism, three in Taipei adopt the public mode, all of which are invested and operated by the government. The rest 18 buildings adopt BOT mode to encourage private enterprises to participate. The difference is that the construction cost of the incineration plant

Guide the work

The daily operation and maintenance expenses are paid by the government to the construction and operation company in installments according to the contract, that is, the construction and operation company invests and the' government' subsidizes by installments. The source of the returned funds is not entirely from garbage disposal fees and power generation income, but the government still directly subsidizes it.

It can be seen that the overall environmental benefits, social benefits and economic benefits of domestic waste incineration are good, and it is a public welfare undertaking. However, the construction and operation costs are high, and it is difficult to make ends meet by relying on its own operations. Therefore, government funding for incineration plants is essential.

The government funding scheme of the domestic waste incineration plant in Pudong New Area is not clear, which will affect the operation of the incineration plant. If we think that the construction and operation of incineration plants by enterprises can reduce the government's expenditure on domestic waste treatment and the government can get rid of the burden, then the operation of incineration plants will be unsustainable and the outlet and disposal of domestic waste in the new district will be affected.

(b) Relations with affiliated units

Domestic waste incineration plant is not a closed system, but a logistics circulation system with domestic waste as raw material input and power products as output. Incineration plant is located in the middle of this logistics system, which is closely related to power grid management department, domestic waste collection and transportation company and other related horizontal units. How to effectively connect the input and output terminals will play a decisive role in the incineration plant. Therefore, it is particularly critical to contact the unit relationship between input and output. The specific performance is as follows:

1. Relationship with power grid management unit

This paper focuses on the on-grid electricity price of domestic waste incineration power generation. The income from electricity sales is the main source of income for incineration plants. According to the 0.5 yuan price per kilowatt-hour, the annual sales revenue of the incineration plant is 53.59 million yuan, accounting for 94% of the total revenue.

Using the waste heat of domestic waste combustion to generate electricity is different from ordinary thermal power generation and nuclear power generation. It replaces the decreasing natural fuels such as coal and oil with urban garbage, which has positive environmental protection significance and conforms to the sustainable development strategy. This is a new form of energy that should be actively encouraged. In order to show active support for this new energy source, its purchase price should also be different from that of general firepower or nuclear power generation.

Domestic waste incineration is listed in the category of renewable energy abroad. Renewable energy refers to the use of non-mineral fuels such as solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy and biomass energy (referring to energy crops, including burning garbage) as energy sources, which has the characteristics of recycling and meets the requirements of sustainable development strategy, and has been paid more and more attention.

The Clinton administration of the United States submitted a comprehensive electricity competition law to Congress in April, 1999. According to this law, by 20 10, 7.5% of electricity in the United States will be produced by renewable energy.

The US 1992 New Energy Policy Act establishes policies and regulations to encourage renewable energy, and implements product tax reduction and exemption for wind energy and biomass power generation for a period of 10 year, with a tax reduction of 1.5 cents per kWh.

American state governments have also introduced a series of mandatory policies to support renewable energy projects. For example, Minnesota legislature requires Northern State Electric Power Company to install 125MW biomass power generation device before 65438+February 3, 2000. California implements a systematic welfare fee system to compare renewable energy with existing energy.

Treatment facilities

As a large system, its essence is to raise electricity prices. The state stipulates to charge 0.3 cents per kilowatt-hour to support the development of renewable energy. From 1998 to 200 1, it is estimated that a total of192.8 billion yuan will be recovered, of which $540 million will be used to finance renewable energy projects.

France, on the other hand, adopts the way that the government buys waste incineration plants to generate electricity, which avoids the contradiction between incineration plants and the power sector, and also shows the government's support for domestic waste incineration power generation projects.

In order to encourage public and private institutions to build and operate domestic waste incineration plants, Taiwan Province Province has formulated a special promotion plan, which stipulates that the power purchase price of waste incineration plants should be raised and the restrictions on power purchase should be relaxed reasonably. The electricity price of garbage incineration power generation is given priority and purchased at a high price.

Our government has also begun to pay attention to the development of renewable energy projects. The State Planning Commission and the Ministry of Science and Technology jointly issued a document in 1999, requesting relevant state departments to actively support renewable energy power generation projects when arranging financial funds and national science and technology public relations projects. The General Office of the State Economic and Trade Commission drafted the Administrative Measures for the Identification of Power Plants with Comprehensive Utilization of Resources, which included garbage incineration power generation into the scope of identification, and the on-grid electricity price was determined in principle according to the principle of the same price on the same network. If it cannot be implemented due to special circumstances such as high cost, individual pricing policies can be implemented.

The data shows that 1998 has a power generation of 42.96 billion kWh and a power consumption of 43.02 billion kWh. At that time, the average on-grid price was 0.3 13 yuan, out of the electricity price of 0.59 yuan/kwh. The relevant departments only agreed in principle to buy the electricity generated by the waste incineration plant at the average on-grid price.

The income from electricity sales is the main source of income for waste incineration plants, and the price of electricity purchase plays a key role in the operation of incineration plants. This is not only a price issue, but also reflects the implementation of renewable energy policy, which is a concrete action to implement the sustainable development strategy. If it is purchased according to the average on-grid electricity price, it will be contrary to the national policy of supporting renewable energy, which will inevitably extend the repayment period of the incineration plant, increase the burden of government subsidies, and also affect the operation of the incineration plant, which will be the main problem that the incineration plant will encounter.

2. Relationship with garbage supply units

The main performance is how to realize the continuous and stable supply of raw materials for domestic waste incineration plants, which is a problem of quantity guarantee. Once the incineration plant is ignited, the supply of domestic garbage, the raw material it relies on, must be uninterrupted and the quantity must be guaranteed, otherwise the working life of the incinerator and the stable power supply to the power grid will be affected.

To achieve a guaranteed supply, we must rely on a complete and efficient domestic waste collection and transportation system to continuously send domestic waste to the incineration plant. However, such a collection and transportation network in Pudong New Area has not been established, which will also have a great impact on the operation of incineration plants.

(C) the relationship with the behavior of garbage producers

It is mainly reflected in the behavior of garbage producers to discard domestic garbage, which is a problem of ensuring the quality of raw materials in incineration plants.

The whole new district has not yet implemented the classified treatment and collection of domestic garbage. This will inevitably affect the calorific value of garbage incineration, reduce the efficiency of incineration and power generation, and recyclable resources such as glass and scrap steel will also be wasted. Therefore, how to standardize the behavior of garbage producers to discard domestic garbage and establish a classified recycling system suitable for garbage incineration is also an important problem that incineration plants will face after operation.