Mastered the home improvement process, and the rookie turned into an expert.

For those who decorate, it is necessary to understand the order of decoration and all the projects, step by step. Before each step, clearly grasp the details and matters that will appear, so as to learn from each other and avoid regrets.

For example, to make footstep lines, the normal process is to shovel dust, lay floor tiles, paste footstep lines, and then decorate the walls. If the construction is carried out in violation of the procedure, the wall decoration should be done first, and then the pedal line should be pasted, which will expose the pedal line and the white cement layer pasted with the pedal line outside the wall, which is unsightly and easy to fall off.

Usually, the steps of decoration engineering begin with structural changes. Such as removing partition walls, changing the position of doors and windows, installing suspended ceilings and anti-theft nets, etc. Then install the power socket and bury the wires. Then the treatment of the wall, ceiling and bottom floor. Surface decoration begins with painting the ceiling, then painting the doors and windows and the skirting line, then installing lamps and laying the floor. The construction progress can be divided into several main steps, and each step has some details that need our special attention.

First, the main body of demolition and transformation

In the construction stage, the main body demolition is the first project, mainly including wall demolition, wall building, wall skin, plastic steel window replacement and so on. To put it bluntly, the main body demolition is to put up the framework of the construction site first. Everyone must pay attention to this construction: the load-bearing wall must not move.

Two, before the water circuit transformation, the main structure should be basically completed.

Between hydropower transformation and main demolition, the first test of the cabinet should also be carried out. Some suggestions are put forward on the location of water inlet and lampblack machine socket reserved by developers.

Mainly includes:

1, whether the position of lampblack machine socket affects the installation of lampblack machine in the future;

2, the location of the water meter is appropriate;

3. Whether the location of the water inlet is convenient for installing the sink in the future.

Do a 24-hour closed water test on the bathroom and balcony floor.

Be sure to do the closed water experiment before starting work. Block the floor drain of the balcony and bathroom (it can be sealed with sand), and build a small pier at the edge and door of the floor drain to prevent water accumulation. Add water not less than 2 cm deep indoors, and see if there is water leakage downstairs after 24 hours. If there is leakage, tell the property immediately and ask for maintenance.

Key problems of hydropower transformation

1, waterway design should first consider all water-related equipment, such as water purifier, water heater, kitchen treasure, toilet, washbasin, etc. Their locations, installation methods and whether hot water is needed; It is necessary to make good use of gas or electric water heaters in advance to avoid temporary replacement of water heaters, which will lead to repeated reconstruction of waterways; In addition to the washbasin, toilet, washing machine and other outlets, it is best to bring one out, which is convenient to mop the floor after receiving water.

2. It is the first time for a cabinet manufacturer to come to the door. It is best to bring the construction master who changed the water together and communicate face to face. Before construction, the upstairs should be waterproof to ensure that there is no water seepage downstairs before construction.

3. After waterway reconstruction, it is necessary to do a good job of suppression experiment, and use a suppression machine to hit 6 to 8 atmospheres without leakage for 30 minutes. It is best to have a property on the scene to suppress the test, which can play a supervisory role; Because some decoration teams will cheat the owners in this link. The method is: when pressing, open the "return valve" of the pressing pump to form a loop. Although the pump seems to be working, the pressure in the pipeline is not great, especially for the electric pump, we should pay attention to it.

4. After the kitchen and bathroom floor tiles are laid, check whether the floor drain is unobstructed (the drainage speed after removing the floor drain cover shall prevail, because most deep-water sealed floor drains have the problem of slow drainage); If you want to close the redundant floor drain, you must block the gap between the drain pipe and the floor drain to prevent water from overflowing.

5. It is also particularly important that it is best not to use the deep-water sealed floor drain for the washing machine floor drain, because the deep-water sealed floor drain has a common feature of slow launching and is used for the deep-water sealed floor drain in shower rooms and other places. Because the displacement is not large, the floor drain can basically meet the drainage demand; However, the drainage speed of washing machine is very fast, which can not reach the drainage speed of deep-water floor drain at all, which directly leads to water overflow.

In the process of hydropower transformation, four points should be paid attention to in the cold and hot water supply pipes reserved for installing electric water heaters and faucets in the future:

1, and ensure the distance 15 cm (at present, the distance between hot and cold water of most electric water heaters and faucets is 15 cm, and some are10cm);

2, hot and cold water nozzle height is consistent;

3. The cold and hot water nozzles are vertical to the wall surface, and care should be taken not to let the bricklayer get crooked when sticking the wall tiles in the future (if they are not vertical, it will be difficult to install them in the future);

4, cold and hot water nozzle should be two centimeters higher than the wall, in the wall brick, also should ask bricklayer to ensure that the wall brick and water pipe nozzle are in the same level. If the size is not suitable, install electric water heaters, faucets, etc. Additional connectors, such as pipe clamps and internal wires, may need to be purchased in the future to complete the installation.

Some people always think that before the renovation, some main materials should enter the site in advance. In fact, unless it is the main material needed for the demolition and reconstruction of the main body, the entry time of main materials such as tiles and large core boards should be after the hydropower reconstruction. Because if the circuit transformation involves slotting on the ground, the tiles and large core boards are not properly placed, and it is very troublesome for workers to walk around.

Third, take cover engineering, waterproof engineering

concealed work

The so-called "concealed engineering" refers to the pipeline engineering and structural engineering hidden inside the decorative surface in family decoration, including electrical lines, water supply and drainage, gas pipelines, internal structures that fix and support the load of the house, etc. Hidden after the transformation, the surface can't be seen. For example, the water supply pipeline is a very important "hidden project". What kind of water pipe to choose determines the quality, hygiene and health of domestic water. It is suggested to use aluminum-plastic composite pipe, PP-R pipe or better copper water pipe.

In the waterproof layer treatment, in order to save costs, many decoration companies use waterproof rubber powder. After the completion, the bathroom and wall surface often appear moisture regain, mildew, skirting board fall off and other phenomena. Waterproof rubber powder is only moisture-proof and not waterproof, but SPS waterproof material or polyurethane waterproof material should be used (firemen recommend Midland waterproof material). Although some decoration companies use formal waterproof materials, the height of wall production is far below the height stipulated by national standards.

In the buried pipeline project of line laying, PVC pipes are used for laying lines, and PVC straight bending joints are often used for bending pipes. It is recommended to use a pipe bender to bend pipes. In some projects, corrugated pipes, yellow wax wire sleeves or bare wires are directly buried, and the interfaces between pipes are not sealed with glue, so many interfaces are separated. The wires in the threading pipe have joints, and when the circuit load is heavy, sparks are easily generated at the joints, causing fires.

Roof damage caused by pipeline leakage is a prominent phenomenon in "concealed engineering" Because it is not easy to check the pipes after installation, after all the pipes are completed, the construction personnel directly hand over the work, and check whether there is any phenomenon such as running, leakage and dripping without going through procedures such as water injection and pressurization. Moreover, it is difficult for these owners to check when they close the house, which is a hidden part and it is difficult for the naked eye to find the problem. Once the problem is found, rebuilding the pipeline is not only a waste of time. Now many bedrooms use buried wires, so it is not easy for householders to check the construction quality. According to the regulations, buried lines cannot be directly buried in the plastering layer, but should be set outside the wires. The wires in the sleeve shall not be twisted or jointed. In addition, when installing the line, we must strictly abide by the provisions of "live wire into the switch, zero wire into the lamp holder" and "left zero right fire, grounding above". After the completion of the construction, in addition to the power-on inspection, the construction team will also provide detailed circuit configuration drawings to the residents.

water proofing work

After the waterway reconstruction is completed, it is best to waterproof the bathroom immediately. Especially when the ground is slotted. If the shower area is not a closed shower room, the wall waterproof should be 180 cm high to prevent "wall sweating" in the future. Be sure to do a 24-hour closed water test before plastering cement. Bricklaying can only be done without problems.

During the renovation, bath facilities were added to the bathroom, and many pipelines were rearranged and moved, so the original waterproof layer in the house was easily destroyed. The water consumption and steam consumption of bathing facilities in the new wall generally exceed the protection scope of the original design waterproof layer. If the waterproof treatment is not good, there will be leakage problems in the future, such as the root leakage of the upper and lower water pipes, the leakage of the buried pipes in the wall, and the damp and moldy corner of the wall next to the bathroom. It will bring endless trouble to you and your neighbors.

Therefore, we must seriously deal with the waterproof layer:

1, the water pipes in the balcony and bathroom are protected by cement along the slope, the floor is brushed with 30cm polyurethane waterproof coating, and then the floor is redone with the original waterproof layer to form a composite waterproof layer to enhance the waterproof performance.

2. When taking a bath, the water in the bathroom may splash on the adjacent wall, so you should brush off the ground 180CM to make polyurethane waterproof coating to prevent the water from splashing on the wet wall when taking a bath, and solve the problem of damp and mildew in the next wall and the opposite corner of the bathroom.

4. Water pipes should be buried in the wall, and the layout is reasonable, so as to avoid walking with horizontal pipes. The longitudinal pipe should be made into a groove with a diameter larger than the pipe diameter, and the plastering in the groove should be smooth, and then polyurethane waterproof coating should be brushed in the groove, and the pipe should be laid after 5- 10 cm on both sides of the groove. Diversion holes are left at the edge of the groove and the ground, which solves the problem that the buried pipe in the wall leaks along the wall.

It is best to carry out separate acceptance of waterway and circuit reconstruction. Under the operation of professional hydraulic or electrician, check whether all reconstruction lines are smooth, reasonable in layout and standardized in operation, and reconfirm the actual size of line reconstruction. The putty worker can only seal the wall and scrape putty after changing the line.

This stage also involves the installation of the following links: the installation of marble windowsill is generally after concealed engineering.

Fourth, carpentry production

1, ceiling decoration

When making a ceiling, according to the requirements of the drawings, find a required unified elevation from the horizontal line, play the baseline of the overall level of the ceiling, and then install the ceiling keel. The wood size of ceiling keel must be 3*4cm, and the model shall be made according to the drawing.

2, the production of keel

The wood at the bottom of the keel should be planed flat and straight, and it is best to make a border before installation. If it can't be made into a frame, it can also be nailed with wooden squares. The keel against the wall should be fixed on the wooden tenon of the wall, and the outer frame surface of the keel must be straight and smooth, and the spacing must be controlled at about 30cm. For example, gypsum board ceiling, gypsum board joints must have keel, flat-fell seam gap should be 0.5- 1cm, so as to achieve the effect of embedding elastic putty in batches. It is forbidden to use the top lattice to make holes in the steel hanger, and then use large and small wooden tenons to nail into the top lattice to make the steel hanger. Must use 3*4cm solid wood hanging on it, and then use solid wood hanging on the keel, brace up and hang tight, Fiona Fang spacing of steel hanger shall not be greater than 80cm. . The same is true for PVC ceiling buckles, and so is the aluminum gusset ceiling, but the spacing shall not be greater than1m.

One thing to note is that modern smallpox is responsible for opening a hole during construction. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to buy lamps before installing smallpox to facilitate workers to open holes.

3. Check the gate, make door covers, make furniture and decorate the background.

There is a detail to pay attention to, that is, to find a gateway (a door without a frame is called a gateway). After finding the pass, the finished door cover can be made or installed on site. Although the process is simple, it is essential, otherwise it will affect the installation of doors in the future. When wrapping the door cover, you should consider whether the floor below (either side of the floor on both sides of the door) is tiled or cement mortar. Because if the door cover is nailed before tiling, it will be wrapped on the ground. When cement is used in the future, the cement and the door cover will stick together, causing the door cover wood to absorb water and become moldy. It should be noted that the windowsill should not be covered with wood, and it will be scrapped after two years of wind, rain and sun exposure.