Is population density a quality index?

Is population density a quality index?

Is population density a quality index? Population density is the population per unit area. We can see the world population distribution from the distribution of population density, which is generally divided into several grades. Let's see if population density is a quality index.

Is population density a quality index? 1 Population density is a quality index.

Quality index is a statistical index reflecting the relative or average level of social and economic phenomena. Refers to the statistical indicators that reflect the production effect or work quality, product quality, production level, technical level, management level and economic benefits in the planning and statistical work, and can directly explain the essence and internal relations of the overall phenomenon. The statistical index to evaluate the quality of things is called quality index.

Such as labor productivity, output per unit area, unit product cost, equipment utilization rate, etc. The calculation and analysis of quality indicators play an important role in tapping the internal potential of various departments and units.

Classification of quality indicators:

Quality indicators are divided into two categories: one is an indicator that reflects the quality of the product itself, that is, the characteristics that the product is suitable for a certain purpose and meets a certain demand, reflecting its use efficiency. This depends on the internal quality and appearance quality of the product. The internal quality is reflected in the chemical composition and physical properties of the product, and the external quality is reflected in the beauty, color and so on. Commonly used product quality indicators are:

(1) product life and efficiency.

(2) The average technical performance or active ingredient content of the product.

(3) Product quality grade rate. The other is an indicator reflecting the quality of work. These indicators reflect the quality of work and management level.

Commonly used work indicators are: the degree of realization of work objectives; How much time was spent; Speed; Costs and expenses; Coordination and satisfaction among workers, etc. In terms of products, it will be reflected in the indicators such as product qualification rate, finished product rate, scrap rate and finished product repair rate.

Is population density a quality index? Population density is the population per unit area. It is an index indicating the population density of the world. The land area of the world is1480,000 km2, and the average population density is 33 people/km2, based on the world population of 5 billion. However, the actual population distribution in the world is very uneven. According to the average level of countries, Bangladesh, which is dominated by agricultural economy and has a relatively dense population, is an example.

For example, Singapore and Monaco are relatively small countries, and all cities occupy an important position or are cities, with a population density of 3,953 people /km2, while the latter is13,757 people /km2. If we look at countries or regions with a small population, such as Mongolia, the population density is about 1 person /km2. Greenland in North America has only 0.023 people per square kilometer, that is, only 1 person per 42.7 square kilometers. In the frozen Antarctic, its area is140,000 square kilometers, so it is an area with no fixed residents.

The population of China ranks first in the world, with an average population density of 104 persons /km2, with the highest density of 600 persons /km2 in Jiangsu and only 1 person /km2 in Tibet. By city, the population density of Beijing is 57 1 person /km2( 1985, the same below).

From the population density distribution, we can see the world population distribution. Generally speaking, the population density is divided into several grades:

A densely populated area > 100 people/km2

The second-class medium population area is 25 ~ 100 people /km2.

25 people /km2 in the third-class sparsely populated area.

Grade 4 extremely sparse area < 1 person /km2.

Is population density a quality index? 3 Advantages and disadvantages of increasing population density

The total output value of American mineral resources mining system accounts for about 1.5% of American GDP, among which metal non-metal mining accounts for about 0.4% of American GDP, and oil and gas mining accounts for about 1. 1% of American GDP. Before the United States imported a large amount of oil, about half of its oil consumption needed to be imported, which means that the value of raw materials provided by American natural resources accounted for about 2.5% of the US GDP. Part of the price of these raw materials is the cost of labor and non-resource capital, which means that the proportion of natural resource rent in US GDP is even smaller, and it should be less than 2% of US GDP.

What is the rent of natural resources is the value of having natural resources, and the rent of natural resources is generally the full embodiment of whether a country has the value of natural resources. For example, the price of coal is mostly labor cost, and part of it is resource rent. Because coal needs to be mined, it needs all kinds of inputs. If you own a coal field, you can rent it out to others for development, and you can charge some rent, which is resource rent.

According to some wealth theories, if a country has a high population density, its per capita natural resources will be less, and the per capita resource rent will be less. For the United States, resource rent can be ignored, and whether there is resource rent has little effect on the quality of life of American citizens. If the resource rent accounts for 2% of the GDP of the United States, no resource rent will reduce the purchasing power of 2% per capita and have little impact on people's average quality of life (only equivalent to the efficiency improvement brought about by one year's productivity progress).

If a country's economic development speed is 8%, resource rent will only affect 2% of this 8%, which is equal to 0. 16% of the economic development speed, and this influence can be ignored.

When the country's population density is high, the per capita resource ownership will indeed be less, and the per capita resource rent will generally be less. But with the increase of national population density, the economic effect of population density and the benefit of population scale will also increase. The increase of population density is conducive to saving per capita investment in transportation, communication and other fields and improving operational efficiency. A large population is conducive to increasing the domestic market, which in turn is conducive to the development of enterprises.

Under the condition of ensuring the same level of national security, a large population will also help reduce the per capita military expenditure. This has a great influence. The ratio of military expenditure to GDP varies greatly among countries in the world, and the military expenditure of each country is generally in the range of 2% to 10% of GDP.

Due to China's large population, the proportion of military expenditure in GDP is very small, generally around 2%, and in 2000 it was only 1.22%. Israel, Singapore and other countries have a small total population and a great demand for national security, so military expenditure accounts for a large proportion of GDP, even reaching 10%, which is higher than the proportion of output value of resource exploitation in GDP in most countries.

It can be seen that the large population density has both advantages and disadvantages. For some countries, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages, and for some countries, the disadvantages outweigh the advantages. For other countries, there is little difference between the advantages and disadvantages. According to the current international resource rent brought by the price of natural resources, the disadvantages brought by the increase of population density in most countries in the world are less than the advantages brought by the increase of population density. Such as the United States, Japan, South Korea, most European countries and most developing countries. For those oil-exporting countries, the disadvantages brought by the increase in population density outweigh the benefits brought by the increase in population density.