Nanjing was the capital of which dynasty?

Eight, namely Sun Wu, Eastern Jin Dynasty, Southern Song Dynasty, Southern Qi Dynasty, Southern Liang Dynasty, Southern Chen Dynasty, Southern Tang Dynasty and Ming Dynasty.

1, Sun Wu

Wu (May 23, 222-May 0, 280, 65438), one of the Three Kingdoms, was a political power established by Sun Quan in the southeast of China, with the country name "Wu" and was called Sun Wu in history. Because of the confrontation with Cao Wei and Shu Han, its ruling area lives in the east of the Three Kingdoms, so it is also called Wu Dong.

Sun Wu was the longest ruling country among the Three Kingdoms, with four emperors, which lasted for 52 years (59 years from 222 AD). In the early years of Wei and Huang Dynasties, Sun Quan was nominally subordinate to Cao Wei and was named King of Wu.

On May 23rd, the first year of Huanglong (229), Sun Quan proclaimed himself emperor in Wuchang (now Ezhou, Hubei), and Sun Wu was formally founded, and then moved to Jianye (now Nanjing, Jiangsu).

In the second year of Huanglong (230), Sun Quan sent Wei Wen and Zhuge to sail to Taiwan Province Province (known as Yizhou in history), which was the first time that China political forces arrived in Taiwan Province Province.

Sun Wu owned most of Yangzhou and Jingzhou at the end of the Han Dynasty, as well as all the territory of Jiaozhou, which was later divided into Guangzhou in the northeast. Sun Wu vigorously developed the economy and made great contributions to the development of Jiangnan area.

In May of the fourth year of Tianqi (280) 1, Sun Wu died in the Western Jin Dynasty.

2. Eastern Jin Dynasty

The Eastern Jin Dynasty (3 17-420) was a political power established after Si Marui, the imperial clan of the Western Jin Dynasty, moved southward. The Western Jin Dynasty, with Luoyang as its capital, perished, which was called the Eastern Jin Dynasty in history. In addition, history books imitate the Eastern Han Dynasty and call the Eastern Jin Dynasty the Middle Jin Dynasty, which means the revival of the Jin Dynasty. In addition, most of the areas ruled by the Eastern Jin Dynasty were in Jiangdong, which was called Jiangzuo in ancient times, so Jiangzuo was referred to as the Eastern Jin Dynasty for short. ?

The Eastern Jin Dynasty was aristocratic politics, which coexisted with the northern five lakes and sixteen countries. This historical period is also known as the Sixteen Countries of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the interior was once divided. The Eastern Jin Dynasty, before Sun Wu, followed by Song, Qi, Liang and Chen, were collectively referred to as the Six Dynasties.

The Eastern Jin Dynasty tried many times to explore the north, but because of internal disunity, nothing was achieved except the final usurpation of the throne by Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty. Zu Ti had hoped to restore his old place, but he was taken hostage by Si Marui and died of depression. Huan Wen's Northern Expedition was defeated by Mu Rongchui.

In the eighth year of Taiyuan (383), Fu Jian, the former Qin Dynasty, led the troops to invade the south, and Xie Anli, the prime minister of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, took the lead in fighting, and sent Xie Shi and Xie Xuan to lead the army, which won a great victory in the battle of Feishui. Fu Jian fled to the north alone, which led to the separation of the north and the south.

Later, Huan Xuan rebelled, abolished Andi and became the son of heaven. Later, he was leveled by the general. He supported Gongdi, but he lost power.

In the second year of Yuanxi (420), Emperor Wu of Song abolished Gong Jin, established Liu Song, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty perished.

3. Southern Dynasties and Song Dynasty

The Southern Song Dynasty (420-479) was the first dynasty in the Southern Dynasties in China during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and it was also the dynasty with the longest existence, the largest territory and the strongest national strength in the Southern Dynasties and the Four Dynasties.

* * * spread to the fourth generation, experienced nine emperors and enjoyed the country for 60 years. Because the monarch's surname is Liu, and because it is different from the later Song Dynasty, it is called Liu. According to the theory that the five virtues begin at the end, it is called water virtue, so it is also called water song.

Emperor Wu of Song rose in the troubled times at the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and successively pacified Sun En, Huan Xuan, Liu Yi, Lu Xun, Sima Xiuzhi and other forces, and destroyed Huanchu, Xishu, Southern Yan, Houqin and other countries.

Not only unified the south of China, but also recovered Shandong, Henan, Guanzhong and other places. Finally, it was built in Jin and Song Dynasties, with its capital in Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu).

After the death of Emperor Wu of Song, Song Wendi and Liu Yilong continued to carry out Emperor Wu of Song's strategy of governing the country, and Yuanjia ruled prosperously, which was called "the rule of Yuanjia" in history.

However, due to the failure of Wendi's Northern Expedition in his later years, his national strength was greatly damaged. In the late Liu and Song Dynasties, the government was chaotic and emperors changed frequently. In 479 AD, it was replaced by Xiao Daocheng, a powerful minister, and established Nanqi, which was later destroyed by Liu and Song Dynasties.

4. Southern Dynasties

The Qi Dynasty (479-502) was the second dynasty in the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China.

Xiao Daocheng, the founding emperor, served as the general of the right army during the reign of Emperor Song and Ming. After the death of Emperor Song, he and Yuan charm, a senior minister, jointly managed the state affairs.

In 474 AD, Xiao Daocheng put down the rebellion of Liu Xiufan, the king of Guiyang, and served as the secretariat of Jiangzhou, the official to Zhongzhou, and General Ren Lingjun, mastering the Guards and supervising the military affairs of Wuzhou. At this point, the infighting in the Song Dynasty was fierce, and Xiao Daocheng gradually seized power.

In 477 AD, Xiao Daocheng killed Emperor Liu Yu and made his younger brother Liu Zhun succeed him. Xiao Daocheng was crowned King of Qi. Later, Xiao Daocheng wiped out Yuan charm, Shen Youzhi and others who were loyal to the Song Dynasty.

In 479 AD, Xiao Daocheng forced the Song Dynasty to meditate, became emperor on his own, and established Nanqi. The name of the country originated from divination theory.

In 502 AD, the emperors of Qi and He were forced to meditate on the generals who rose to seize the throne. Nanqi was the shortest-lived of the four dynasties, only 23 years.

5. Southern Liang Chao

Nanliang (502 -557), the third dynasty of the Southern Dynasties during the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China, was replaced by Xiao Yan, the secretariat of Yongzhou, as the emperor of the Southern Qi Dynasty, with Jiankang as its capital (now Nanjing). The national name Liang, in the county, has a fief, hence the name Liang. Because the royal family name is Xiao, also known as Xiao.

Liang Wudi was one of the emperors in the Southern Dynasties. Before he proclaimed himself emperor, he worked in grass-roots political institutions for some years, had certain political experience, and also heard and witnessed the decadent rule in the last days.

Therefore, after Liang ascended the throne, most of the policies implemented were conducive to political stability and economic recovery and development. In the late Liang Dynasty, the corruption of the national government led to the chaos of the late Jin Dynasty, and the social economy of the Southern Dynasties was greatly damaged by the war.

Later, the royal family in Nanliang attracted the Northern Qi Dynasty and the Western Wei Dynasty to help them compete for the throne, which made the two dynasties seize a large area of land in Nanliang, greatly weakening the strength of the Southern Dynasty and laying a strong situation in the south. In the second year of Taiping (557), the emperor was abolished and the country name was changed to Chen.

Liang enjoyed the country for fifty-five years in the Southern Dynasties. In 560, the Northern Zhou Dynasty destroyed the remnants of Nanliang in Yunzhou, the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. In addition, Xiao Hu, a grandson fostered by the Northern Zhou Dynasty, established Xiliang in Jiangling and spread it to san huang, and cancelled his emperor's name when chen qian was destroyed in the Sui Dynasty.

6. Southern Dynasty Chen

The Chen Dynasty (557-589), known as Chen Nan or Chen Nan in history, was the last dynasty of the Southern Dynasties in China during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In the first year of Yongding (557), it was established by Chen Baxian on behalf of Nanliang, with Jiankang as its capital (now Nanjing), and controlled the areas east of Jiangling, south of the Yangtze River and north of Jiaozhi.

When the Chen Dynasty was founded, there was a situation in which the southern dynasty became weaker and the northern dynasty became stronger. When Chen Chaogang was founded in 557, facing the invasion of the northern regime, the situation was very critical. Chen Baxian, the first emperor of the Chen Dynasty, led the army to defeat the enemy in one fell swoop, and the situation gradually improved.

Chen Baxian died in Yongding three years (559), and his nephew Chen Wendi Chen Gang acceded to the throne. Chen Gang vigorously abolished extravagance in Nanliang, which made Chen Chaozhi a little more stable.

In the first year of Tiankang (566), Chen Zhuan died and posthumous title Prince Chen Bozong succeeded him. The following year, Chen Chuan, the younger brother of Wendi, was abolished by Chen. After Chen Chuan ascended the throne, he continued to carry out Chen Chuan's lenient policy and gradually restored the economy of Jiangnan. In the ninth year of Taijian (577), the Northern Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Northern Qi Dynasty.

The following year, a fierce battle was fought in Lvliang. Zhou was defeated by Chen and Wu Mingche, and the land of Huainan was recovered. The counties in the north of the Yangtze River were owned by the Northern Zhou Dynasty.

In the 14th year of Taijian (582), Chen Chuan died of illness, and Prince Chen Wei succeeded to the throne. The political situation of the Chen dynasty has gone from bad to worse, with the latter not asking about political affairs and spending money on sex.

Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, Emperor Wen of the North, actively prepared to destroy Chen. In the second year of Zhenming (588), Emperor Wendi of Sui ordered his sons and others to attack Chen (the battle of Chen destroyed Sui). The following year, Jiankang fell, and Chen in the Southern Dynasties perished.

7. Southern Tang Dynasty

Southern Tang Dynasty (937-975) was a political power established by Li Bian in Jiangnan during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, with Jiangning as its capital and Nanchang as its capital. Chuansan, one emperor and two masters, enjoying the country for 39 years, is a country with a larger territory among the ten countries.

In the seventh year of Wutaihe (935), Wu Rui and Xu Zhimo, the Southern Emperor, became the King of Qi, and transferred the land of Shengzhou, Runzhou and other ten states to Qi. In the first year of Southern Tang Dynasty (937), Xu Zhimo established Qi; In October of the same year, Xu Zhimo was proclaimed emperor by Zen, with the title of "Qi" and changed to Yuan.

In the third year of Sheng Yuan (939), Xu Zhimo reverted to Li's surname and renamed it Yun, claiming to be the fourth grandson of Li Ke's son, and changed his country name to "Tang", which was called "Southern Tang" in history.

After Li Bian ascended the throne, he continued to protect the environment and people, and social production developed under relatively stable conditions. Compared with the countries that were enfeoffed at the same time, the Southern Tang Dynasty was strong. Because of imperial examinations and schools, culture is more prosperous than other countries.

In the third year of Baoda (945), Nantang took advantage of the civil strife in Fujian to send troops to destroy Fujian and capture the king alive. In the ninth year of Baoda, the Southern Tang Dynasty took advantage of the civil strife in Chu to send troops to destroy Chu, and Ma Xichong surrendered. But soon, the old land of Chu was occupied by Zhou Xingfeng, and the Southern Tang Dynasty failed to consolidate the land of Chu.

In the first year of ZTE (958), Li Jing went to the title of emperor, called the king of Jiangnan, and became a vassal in the following week; In the eighth year of Song Kaibao (975), Song Jun captured Jinling, and Li Yu came out of the mountain, and the Southern Tang Dynasty perished.

8. Ming dynasty

The Ming Dynasty (1368- 1644) was a unified dynasty established by the Han nationality, passed down to sixteen emperors and enjoyed the country for 276 years.

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the people were in poverty and the Red Scarf Uprising broke out. Zhu Yuanzhang joined the Guo Zixing team. 1364, Zhu Yuanzhang called the King of Wu and established the Western Wu. 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor, with the title Daming. Because the royal family surnamed Zhu, also known as the capital should be Tianfu.

1420, Judy moved the capital to Shuntianfu, with Yingtianfu as its capital. In the early Ming Dynasty, after the rule of Hongwu, Yongle and Ren Xuan, the politics was clear and the national strength was strong.

In the middle period, the country turned from prosperity to decline, and was later revived by Hongzhi Zhongxing, Jiajing Zhongxing and Wanli Zhongxing. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, due to the party struggle and natural disasters in Lindong, the national strength declined and the peasant uprising broke out. Li Zicheng invaded Beijing 1644, and Emperor Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty hanged himself.

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