Who built Foshan Liangyuan?

1769, Liang Airu was born in Xingtanmai Village, Shunde, Guangdong. His father Liang Guoxiong has three sons, and Ai Liang is the second. There are also my brother Liang Yucheng and my brother Liang Kecheng at home.

Ai Liang, a teenager, is a child with excellent academic performance, and her husband often praises him. His brother Liang Yucheng gave up literature a long time ago and went into business, and his business is booming. Since then, Liang Yucheng has given Ai Liangru great spiritual and financial support to help her complete her studies.

In his spare time, Ai Liangru likes to practice calligraphy and draw Chinese paintings. He felt that people would not look down on his handwriting, and his face was somewhat glorious. Under the guidance of his predecessors, he began to copy ancient calligraphy systematically and seriously, mainly including Yan, Su Dongpo, Yi Mountain Monument, Xia Chengbei and so on.

During the Qianlong period, Foshan, Guangdong Province was the commercial center of Lingnan, with developed handicrafts, casting, ceramics, Chinese patent medicines and textiles. Many businessmen flocked to Lingnan.

Liang Guoxiong is no exception. He felt that Foshan at that time was particularly beneficial to the development of Liang. As a result, Liang Guoxiong's family moved from Xingtanmai Village in Shunde to Songguili in Foshan.

At that time, it was very common for Foshan people to worship gods and burn incense in order to pray for prosperous business, rich financial resources and safe family. Liang Guoxiong discovered the business opportunity and immediately began to make incense sticks with his family, carrying the burden and selling them in the street. Later, he opened a "Lanbao" shop in Fenning Road, Foshan, specializing in incense and gold powder. Since then, the family has gradually flourished and developed into a famous Liang family in Foshan.

Ai Liangru is indifferent and charitable by nature, and often sends food and money to people and villagers who have difficulties in life to help them tide over their difficulties. 1796, Liang Airu bought more than 200 mu of Chen's real estate in Datang, and built a mansion there for his parents and brothers to live in for the elderly.

At the same time, Confucianism also founded Liang's first private garden "No Idle Garden" in the house for friends to gather and entertain, to enjoy poetry and painting, and to write "No Idle Poetry". This is the early Foshan marriage founded by Liang Airu.

The main entrance of Liangyuan is not big, and the blue bricks in front are all polished by hand, so it is difficult to insert even the blades, which shows the exquisite technology. Brick carvings under the eaves, one for "Prosperous Flowers" and the other for "Four Seasons Peace", are commonly used luxury ornaments in front of Foshan's rich families.

Turn left at the main entrance, there are two alleys, and there are three rows of big houses along the alleys, all of which are arranged in three corridors and one hall, which is a common architectural style of Foshan rich houses. Sitting facing south, there is a living room, bedroom, study, hall, guest room and Buddhist temple.

Liangyuan Mansion is a three-way and four-way layout, covering an area of 1.500 square meters. The whole building is neatly arranged vertically and horizontally, with a unified format. The indoor layout of each single building is basically the same. The entrance is a typical Lingnan characteristic building. There are three halls and three courthouses in it, separated by a patio and two cloisters, forming a zigzag courtyard, so it is called "three rooms and two corridors".

It is said that Ai Liangru is particularly familiar with geography and geomantic omen, so he pays special attention to the structural setting of the building. Chaotang is a place to read and write. It uses glass screen doors and flower stands, which are not only decorative in appearance, but also play a role in ventilation and lighting.

In addition, the hall is also a place to entertain guests, and familiar guests will also be invited into the hall to talk with their hosts. The house is warm in winter and cool in summer, and granite is used as a corner to prevent insects and theft. At the same time, the indoor and outdoor space of the hall and the setting of doors and windows are also very reasonable, which makes the whole community warm in winter and cool in summer.

The living room is where Liang Jia receives visitors. As a prominent family in Foshan, Liang kept close contacts with scholars in Nanhai and Shunde, and set up a guest room to entertain guests. Eight immortals platform, several chairs, official positions, etc. They are all Cantonese-style furniture in Qing Dynasty, refined with acid branches.

Buddhist temples used to be places where dignitaries worshipped Buddha. Generally speaking, wealthy families will set up private Buddhist temples to worship Buddha. Guanyin, the sitting posture of Liangyuan Buddhist Temple, is carved from nanmu, with lotus sumeru under the seat and nine Guanyin incarnations with different shapes on both sides.

Liang Airu is industrious and capable, tolerant and generous. He could have been promoted to the imperial court routinely. However, when he heard that a colleague surnamed Liang had a difficult family, he took the initiative to give the opportunity of promotion to this colleague with difficult family, and he decided to go back to Foshan to live in seclusion.

Since then, Ai Liangru's seclusion has been rich and colorful. He practices calligraphy and paints Chinese paintings. He is very diligent and especially likes to paint landscapes. When he was inspired, with a poem, a beautiful work was completed. Some relatives and friends "get their paintings and calligraphy, which are precious."

After hard training, Ai Liangru later became an expert in writing, calligraphy, cursive script, official script and seal script, and was famous for his exquisite painting and calligraphy art, which was highly praised by experts and later generations. Liang Airu is not only good at painting, but also likes to write poems and chant. His outstanding talent is well known in Lingnan area.

Liang Airu's works spread widely and became a famous painter and calligrapher in Lingnan area at that time. Later, he had nearly 40 landscape scrolls and grass scrolls collected in museums in Guangzhou, Foshan and Shunde. Among them, his "Deep Show in a Stream", with clear lines and heavy brush and ink, was inscribed by Chen Li and other 19 famous artists, which is his masterpiece.

18 16, Liang Ai-ru's nephew, Liang Jiuzhang, was elected to the National History Museum after taking the provincial entrance examination. Since then, he has embarked on a literary career and participated in the compilation and revision of the Annals of the Qing Dynasty. He is diligent in writing, not ashamed to ask questions, and his writing ability has improved rapidly. He can finish the task assigned by his boss well, so he is highly valued by his boss.

After the establishment, Liang Jiuzhang was transferred to Sichuan Chief Secretary. During his tenure, he studied with an open mind, worked hard, and was friendly and sincere to others, so he got along well with his superiors and colleagues and was quickly promoted to the position of magistrate. My career is in full swing and my career is bright.

Just when Liang Jiuzhang's career is developing smoothly, his elderly parents miss his hometown of Guangdong every day, and even talk to him about the local customs, pleasant climate and rich products of his hometown on holidays. Liang Jiuzhang understood his parents' wishes and decided not to disappoint them, so he resigned from his boss and led his elderly parents back to their hometown in Foshan, Guangdong.

After Liang Jiuzhang returned to Foshan, reading, painting and making literary friends became a good way for him to kill time. Over time, Liang Jiuzhang became a veritable "anthomaniac". He loves plum blossoms, and planting, appreciating and painting flowers has become a great pleasure in his life after retirement, so that some friends call him "Flower God".

Liang Jiuzhang's usual hard work not only improved his calligraphy and painting skills, but also brought a lot of income. He used the money to help dozens of ethnic groups with difficulties in life. It is wonderful that Liang Jiuzhang helps the poor while practicing martial arts. In his later years, he improved his medical skills and wrote four volumes of Essentials of Medical Law.

Among several works handed down from generation to generation by Liang Jiuzhang, there is a plum blossom shaft with an inscription by Lv Yinlan:

Go to Meiyuan with you and write hundreds of plum blossoms every day.

How about a collection of Two Trees for Children and 33 13 Poems?

It can be seen that Liang Jiuzhang loves plum blossoms and sends his feelings to plum blossoms, which is extraordinary. Looking back on his years in the imperial court, Liang Jiuzhang felt lucky, having learned a lot and made many friends. However, he doesn't miss officialdom. Liang Jiuzhang memorized that "good deeds become virtue, and the gods are complacent" and believed that good deeds are rewarded with good deeds.

Liang Jiuzhang especially likes collecting. It is said that when he was an official in Beijing and Sichuan, he collected a large number of inscriptions and practiced diligently every day. 1836, Liang Jiuzhang saw that the book posts that had been treasured for many years were moth-eaten, for fear that the ancient people's bones would be lost, so he selected 22 book posts that were particularly appreciated from the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty and engraved them on Duanzhou inkstone, and named them "Lengxiangge Fa Tie", so as to preserve them permanently and facilitate the study of ethnic children.

What is most worth mentioning is the collection of inscriptions by many famous people at that time, such as Wang, Weng Youlong, Cheng Keze, Liu Yong, Weng Fanggang, Wu Rongguang, Prince Cheng and others. The six-volume rubbings of this book, together with Ye's Feng Man Lou Tie and Wu's Nanhai Yunqing Pavilion Tie, are called the three major Lingnan Tie in Qing Dynasty.

At that time, Liang Jiuzhang built a garden in Li Xian, Puxi, Kannonji, Foshan, and named it "Lengxiangge" in order to collect copies of Lengxiangge and more famous calligraphy posts.

In Lengxiangge, in addition to the six volumes of Lengxiangge Fa Tie, Liang Jiuzhang also collected more than 0/00 pieces of original Fa Tie by famous calligrapher Wang Xizhi of Han, Jin, Tang, Song and Ming dynasties. Han Xiangting "Trees and stones are elegant, and plum blossoms are planted everywhere."

To this end, his brother Liang Jiutu wrote a song "Looking at Mei in a Cold Fragrant Pavilion on a Snowy Night":

The cold forced the plum soul to be strict at night, and the snow at Wanhuamen came out of the double eaves.

The branches are high and the moon peeps at the pavilion, and the petals fall in the wind.

The elegant style of Han Xiang Pavilion and the romantic life interest of its owner are vividly displayed on the paper. Since then, Liang Jiuzhang has had frequent contacts with many friends through the Fenjiang River in Foshan and the waterway in the provincial capital, and the Han Xiang Pavilion has become an ideal place for him to receive literary friends and literati.

During this period, Liang Jiuzhang created many poems, articles and calligraphy. The plum blossoms he painted are exquisite and elegant, with skillful techniques. Many of his works are simple and beautiful, full of beautiful sentences and profound artistic conception, and are deeply loved by people. Many citizens are also scrambling to buy. Unfortunately, most of these poems have been lost.

1840, after Ai Liang's death, he was named "official doctor" by the Qing court. As a nephew, Liang Jiuzhang and his brothers built a "Liang Qing Cliff Temple" in Datang, Sha Luo, Foshan, to pay homage to this kind-hearted and versatile elder.

Later, Liang Jiuzhang created an ancestral hall for his father Liang Yucheng in the second gate of the mansion in Cao area, commonly known as "Liang Family Ancestral Hall".

It is said that only prestigious dignitaries could have ancestral temples at that time. Liang Yucheng was the father of Liang Jiuzhang, who was appointed as Sichuan Zhizhou at that time. After his father's death, the emperor commended him for his meritorious service as an official, and posthumous title Liang Yu became a "secretariat of history", so it was also called "secretariat of history in the history hall".

Cishi Family Temple is a place where the Liang family worships their ancestors, and it is also a place for family gatherings and discussions. Among the private gardens in China, it is very rare to integrate ancestral halls, houses and gardens.

The building of cishi Family Temple is divided into front and rear entrances. The main hall is relatively tall, with nine beams in the front and back corridors, and the ladder frame is decorated with "melon-shaped" columns, also known as "four-column hall". The main hall and the entrance hall are connected by two corridors, forming a quadrilateral style plane layout.

The front porch of the entrance hall is the main part of architectural decoration, and its upper and lower beams, bucket arches, sparrow replacement, camel pier and so on are all decorated with exquisite flowers and character story carvings or high reliefs. It contrasts with the front and rear eaves tiles, setting off the solemn and beautiful appearance of the main entrance.

The ridge decoration and other components of the ancestral hall reflect the local traditional crafts of carving three sculptures and two sculptures, namely wood carving, stone carving and brick carving, pottery sculpture and gray sculpture. The building is a gable on the top of a hard mountain, also known as a "volcanic wall", which is mainly used to prevent the fire from spreading.

Foshan Liangyuan Bridge Living Water