The Economy of shipai village, Guangzhou

Shipai village's economy in the early stage of urbanization

The economic development of shipai village in the early stage of urbanization can be divided into three stages: before the land reform; Land reform; Cooperative collectivization period.

In the period before the land reform, shipai village, with its superior geographical position and natural conditions, had a deep agricultural foundation and was directly influenced by the city, so the agricultural economy developed relatively stably. Especially during Chen's reign (1928 ~ 1936), Guangdong enjoyed social stability, economic development, a bumper harvest of grain and cash crops and economic prosperity in shipai village. However, during the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and Japanese occupation, its economic production was seriously damaged, and five ponds built by villagers in Qing Dynasty were all damaged to varying degrees. By the end of the Anti-Japanese War, from 65438 to 0946, Shipai villagers, with the help of the International Relief Agency and the cooperation of Qi Xin, repaired the water conservancy facilities of major reservoirs in a short time.

In the case of single-family small-scale peasant economy, people were used to traditional farming techniques at that time, but even so, Shipai villagers often took the lead in improving varieties and farming techniques because of their proximity to cities and developed information exchange relations. In the 1940s, some of them used a small amount of fertilizers and pesticides. This traditional suburban agricultural economy determines that shipai village has less economic self-sufficiency and more commodities; Weak sealing and strong opening. In terms of planting varieties, they are urged to switch from rice to vegetable production and plant cash crops such as agastache earlier. As early as 1948 ~ 1949, there were 4,800 mu of cultivated land in shipai village, including 3,840 mu of rice, which supplied Guangzhou with more than 500,000 Jin of rice every year. The vegetable planting area is 960 mu, accounting for 20% of the cultivated land, and the yield per mu reaches 1500 kg. More than 3 million kilograms of vegetables are supplied to Guangzhou every year, some of which are exported to Hong Kong. The agastache rugosa planted in Shipai was about 200 mu at that time, and its quality was particularly good. It was widely known in the 1930' s and was distributed to Hong Kong, Macau and Southeast Asia. In 1950s, it was listed as an excellent local product in Guangzhou.

From 1950 to 10, shipai village carried out land reform until 1952. In the land reform, the landlord's land was confiscated 1 124.77 mu, and the land owned by rich peasants, businessmen, agricultural capitalists, clans and small land lessors was expropriated 2922.05 mu. Confiscated and requisitioned land is distributed to landless and landless farmers. Shortly after the end of the land reform, Shipai joined the cooperative movement non-stop with the country. From primary cooperatives to advanced cooperatives, to the commune movement in 1958, and then to the abolition of the people's commune in 1984, it has been tossing for more than 30 years. Agricultural production improved in the cooperative stage, but it was quickly destroyed by the hurricane in the commune period and a series of political movements and class struggles that followed. After the Cultural Revolution, the reform and opening up, agricultural production implemented the contract responsibility system of joint production. 1983, after the vegetables planted by villagers have completed the national task, the surplus parts can be disposed of by themselves. 1984165438+10, Guangzhou canceled the vegetable listing task and implemented free bargaining sales. Land is still contracted by families and operated independently, and farmers' enthusiasm for production has been greatly improved. Shipai has become an important base of Guangzhou's "vegetable basket" project.

After 1980s, shipai village was in the deepening period of national reform and opening-up, and it was also the period of accelerating urbanization in shipai village. In order to adapt to this situation, they further implemented the shareholding system and company system, and some agriculture turned to the tertiary industry of property management, which made their collective economy develop by leaps and bounds.

The transformation of urbanization economic form

The change of shipai village's economic form, from resource form, from land form to currency form, and then to property form; Correspondingly, in the mode of operation, the family contract system of collective land has changed into "joint-stock cooperative system" and then into the corporate management of property. This form of change and the change of management mode are mutually cooperative, adaptive and mutually promoting.

With the acceleration of urbanization in Guangzhou, the land is gradually expropriated, the land is reduced, the collective economy is challenged, and the villagers' living security is facing a crisis. In this case, the "joint-stock cooperative system" was born. From the contract system to the shareholding system, from the perspective of economic resources, it is a change from the form of land to the form of money. Under the condition of defining the composition and source of equity and capital stock, economic and social funds are further transformed into property forms through market operation. With the development of economy, 1997 established the "three armed forces enterprise group company" for unified management, realizing the separation of ownership and management rights. This innovation of property form and management mode adapted to the urbanization process has made the collective economy of shipai village develop by leaps and bounds. From 1988 to 1997, the total income of joint-stock cooperatives increased by 76.3%, and the net income increased by 6 15%. Collective assets have increased by more than 40 times. The building area of this property is 65,438+0,996,65,438+0,939 square meters, which was 250,000 square meters in 2000. Since 1998, the annual total economic income of Shipai Sanjun Enterprise Group is more than 200 million yuan. On the one hand, this economic achievement is related to institutional innovation, on the other hand, it is the result of land appreciation and market economy development in the process of urbanization. After the land was expropriated, shipai village made full use of the capital of its own joint-stock company and the value of the reserved land, and jumped directly from the primary industry to the tertiary industry dominated by property leasing, and set up Ding Gang Hotel, comprehensive market and other business projects with loans from banks. In the following ten years, they further adopted various situations and market factors to combine and trade, so that the village collective economic assets were transformed into property. Generally speaking, its manifestations are as follows: first, land acquisition units do not need to arrange rural labor in exchange for property; The second is to attract market funds to build properties on private plots in the village and then divide them; The third is to exchange land and time for rent and property; Fourth, the village self-raised funds are leased or contracted after the reserved land is built into the property; The fifth is to raise funds to build property management in the form of shares. In this way, shipai village has completed the process from "planting rice" and "planting vegetables" to "planting buildings" in the collective economy.

In addition to the collective economy, the individual economy developed in the reform and opening up has also changed. First, 1984 liberalized the market price of vegetables, which greatly increased the income of villagers; On the other hand, the development of urbanization makes the rental housing market prosperous, and the villagers earn considerable income from operating rental housing. With the further requisition of land, the villagers stepped up the accumulation of funds to expand, rebuild and build their own houses, thus completely transforming them into rented houses for business (including self-owned houses and bunks) and completing the process from "planting vegetables" to "planting buildings". In addition to rental housing management, some villagers also put money into transportation, planting in different places, shops and so on. But most villagers mainly "plant buildings".

Enterprise management mode

Shipai village is an administrative village. Before 1980s, it was called production brigade under the planned economy system. There are 27 production teams under it. Later, it became a village administratively, and a village committee was established. After the economic shareholding system reform, the economic organization in the village was called "economic union", 27 production teams were changed to "economic clubs", and 27 economic clubs were divided into five pieces, called "union". But the villagers are still used to calling themselves "brigade" and "production team". 1In May, 1997, the village committee of shipai village was revoked by the administration, which marked the turning point of Shipai from rural to urban areas. At the same time, Shipai Three Armies Enterprise Collective Company was founded by Shipai Economic Association and 27 economic clubs. Unified management of all collective economies in shipai village. The group company established a party committee, held a shareholders' meeting according to the articles of association, and elected the board of directors and the board of supervisors of the group company, which made the original collective economy in shipai village enter a new stage of corporatization. But at the same time, this situation means that, in addition to the * * * nature as an enterprise, the three armed forces enterprise company also has its own characteristics, that is, its community nature. The company takes Shipai villagers as shareholders, manages the assets of shipai village's former collective economy, and takes stock economic society and associated society as the intermediary and link between the company's asset ownership and operators. Because the establishment of the three armed forces enterprise group company was carried out at the same time when the village Committee was abolished and the administrative functions were transferred to the sub-district office, the original team of the village Committee was directly transformed into the leadership team of the group company, making the three armed forces enterprise group company a pure economic organization, but it has a very close relationship with the villagers. Objectively, many village affairs and contradictions in the village can only be solved by the company, which makes the company have administrative functions. The company has an administrative office and a security office, which is responsible for village affairs and social security. In addition, the company also undertakes all aspects of social welfare expenses of the village community, such as village construction, medical care, health, welfare for the elderly, schools, cultural and sports activities, etc. This kind of community-based enterprise has assumed a lot of community responsibilities, and has also formed a business philosophy based on stability.

Housing rental economy

The reform and opening up has made Guangzhou take a big step in urban expansion, and at the same time, it has brought 138 "villages in the city", of which Shipai is the largest. The urbanization of Guangzhou and the change of national policies have attracted a large number of floating population from other places to "break through the world" in Guangzhou, which has stimulated the growth of Shipai housing rental economy, and its income has become the main source of income for villagers. At the same time, because the rental price of rental houses is generally lower than that outside the village, the emergence of a large number of rental houses in turn provides a place for wage earners who come to the city. In this way, the existence of rental housing has solved the problem of migrant workers' life outlet and promoted the relative balance of society, but at the same time, due to the chaotic population, some foreigners' quality is not high, which has brought about problems such as public security, sanitation and fire control.

The characteristics of Shipai villagers' rental house management are "two-layer management": the first layer is the owner; On the first floor is the village collective (three armed services company). Owners are the main body of rental housing management and bear various responsibilities for their rental housing, while village collectives mainly participate in management from three aspects: organization, material security and system supply, and further implement "tourism-style" management.