Who are the three emperors, five emperors and seventy-two kings? Where is the introduction?

There are only three emperors and five emperors, and there is no such thing as seventy-two landlords.

According to Historical Records, Qin Shihuang, Huang Di and Tai Huang are Huang San, while Tai Huang is considered to be the most expensive. So, who is Tai Huang? The seventy-eighth volume of Taiping Yulan quotes another viewpoint of Spring and Autumn Wei, which holds that the emperor, the Yellow Emperor and Ren Huang are Huang San, and it seems that Tai Huang is Ren Huang. Biography of Shangshu and White Tiger Yi Tong. It is believed that it should be Suiren's family, Fuxi's family and Shennong's family, while the Uighur classics such as Dou Yun's Book and Yuan Mingbao not only agree with Fuxi and Shennong's family, but also supplement the Nuwa who created human beings. In addition, Fuxi, Shennong and Huangdi are regarded as Huang San in The Emperor's Century, and Fuxi, Shennong and * * * are regarded as Huang San in As a Mirror Biography. From this point of view, Fuxi and Shennong occupy two seats in Huang San, and their theories are basically the same, but there are great differences about who is the third place.

As for the five emperors in ancient times, there are different opinions. Historical Records, Historical Records of Generations and Historical Records of Five Emperors list Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Tang Yao and Yu Shun as five emperors. In The Book of Rites, Emperor Yitai (Fuxi), Yan Di (Shennong), Huangdi, Shaodi and Zhuan Xu are the five emperors; Shao Wu (You), Zhuan Xu, (Di Ku) and Yu Shun are listed as the five emperors in The Preface to Shangshu and Century of Emperors. In addition, there is a myth that the five gods are collectively called the five emperors. The "Five Emperors" in Wang Yi's Notes on Chu Ci in the Eastern Han Dynasty are five gods, namely Taiji in the East, Yan Di in the South, Shao Hao in the West, Zhuan Xu in the North and the Yellow Emperor in the Central. In the Tang Dynasty, Jia Zaitianguan's "Sacrifice to Five Emperors" was the forerunner of the hub in the east, the south, the yellow emperor in the middle, the white emperor in the west and the north.

There are several different combinations. To sum up, there are some sayings:

Huang San

(1) Sui people, Fuxi, Shennong (Biography of Shangshu);

(2) Fuxi, Nuwa and Shennong (Custom Yi Tong);

(3) Fuxi, Zhu Rong and Shennong (ditto);

(4) Fuxi, Shennong and Huangdi (ancient micro-books).

Five legendary rulers

① Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Yao and Shun ("Dai");

(2) Dongxi, Shennong, Huangdi, Yaoshun (Warring States Policy);

(3) Tai Hao, Yan Di, Huangdi, Shao Hao and Zhuan Xu (Lv Chunqiu);

(4) Fuxi, Shennong and Huangdi are Huang San, and Shao Hao, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku and Yaoshun are five emperors (Pseudo-preface to Shangshu);

This theory will be adopted by history books in the future because of its respect for the status of Confucian classics. So this theory of three emperors and five emperors was regarded as the history of ancient beliefs;

(5) Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Qi, Yao (The History of Capital Construction).

In fact, the differences in the legends of Three Emperors and Five Emperors are the product of the multi-ethnic development in China, which reflects the progressive trend of ethnic integration in a tortuous way. Long before entering the civilized era, the Chinese nation, Miao nationality and many other brotherly nations called barbarians, barbarians, Rong and Di were formed on the vast land of the motherland. It is said that the Huaxia nationality is after Huang and Yan, which actually reflects that the Huaxia nationality is formed by the long-term development of two blood clans represented by Huang Di and He.

Generally speaking, the man referred to in Huang San's theory is the symbol of China ancestors in different prehistoric cultural stages. There are three stages in the period of ignorance: low stage, intermediate stage and advanced stage. Shennong represents the lower stage of barbarism; On the other hand, Nu Wa is an earlier creator. In mythology, she and Fuxi combined to create human beings. The people referred to in the Five Emperors Theory are mainly some tribal chiefs or military leaders in the heyday of patriarchal clan alliance and its disintegration or the military democratic period at the end of primitive society.

Most people think that Sui Ren, Fu and Shennong are called "Huang San", while Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Yao Di and Shun Di are called "Five Emperors". These views originated in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

Specific introduction

Pan Gu

Is the protagonist of the well-known story of Pangu's creation of the world. It is said that Pangu opened the world with an axe. This story spread to the Northern Wei Dynasty and then to the North via Li Daoyuan. Since then, Pangu has evolved from a myth spread among southern ethnic minorities into the legendary ancestor of the Chinese nation.

Guangwu Bozhi (Jiuxing) Five-year Games Chronology

Yesterday's death of Pangu was also the first of the four mountains, the eye of the sun and the moon, the fat of the river and the sea, and the hair of the grass. According to the custom between Qin and Han dynasties, Pangu's head is Dongyue, the abdomen is Zhongyue, the left arm is Nanyue, and the right arm is Beiyue, and Xiyue is enough. The ancients said: Pangu's tears are rivers, qi is wind, and his eyes are electricity. The ancients said: Pangu is happy for the purpose, and anger is yin. Wu Chu said: Pangu couple, the beginning of Yin and Yang. Today, there is a 300-mile-long ancient tomb in the South China Sea, and the soul of Pangu is also buried by later generations. Guilin has Pangu Temple worshipped by modern people, and the South China Sea has Pangu Kingdom. Today, people take Pangu as their surname. Pangu, the ancestor of all things, creatures began in Pangu.

After Pangu, the ancestor of the Chinese nation, became immortal, his body organs were transformed into the sun, moon and stars, the four poles and five mountains, rivers, lakes and seas, and all living things. Although this legend contains mythical elements, it provides reference materials for us to study the Sun God and Moon God in China. According to the calendar of the May Movement Calendar, the sun, moon and Er Shen of the Chinese nation are transformed by Pangu's eyes, and the sun god is transformed by Pangu's left eye. The moon god incarnated as Pangu's right eye, and the folk custom of "male left and female right" came from this.

Youchao family

The legend of Youchao family has been recorded in ancient books in pre-Qin period. He is the legendary inventor of nesting. This legend reflects China's entry from cave to nest in primitive times.

The hero who invented nesting in ancient China mythology. Also known as "big nest". At first, people lived in caves and were invaded by wild animals. The Chao family built wooden nests to avoid wild animals. Since then, people have moved from caves to nests. Zhuangzi stole the foot and said, "In ancient times, there were many beasts but few, so people lived in nests to avoid them. It is said that there are people of Chao's family. " "Taiping Yulan" volume 78 quoted "Beginners of Xiang Jun": "There is a nest of saints in the ancient cave, which is famous for its great dynasty." Zhang Hua's Natural History in Jin Dynasty. Essay: "In the past, there was a Chao family, and it was expensive to have a minister, which was taken by the country. I am angry and change, and I have a nest of death. "

There is a character in the myth and legend of Chao family, who is the imaginary ancestor of Han people and the inventor of primitive nesting. According to legend, in ancient Hao Ying, there were fewer people and more animals here. In order to resist wild animals, the Chao family taught people to take trees as their nests, pick oak chestnuts during the day and stay in trees at night. Zhuangzi said: "In ancient times, there were many beasts, so people lived in nests to avoid them." That is, the era of the Chao family. Because the name of Juchao is related to the invention of Youchao, it is considered as a Chaohu person. Like Suirenshi, Fu and Shennong, it originated from later generations, but it also shows the glorious historical process that Han ancestors adhered to struggle for existence.

The legend of Youchao family has been recorded in ancient books in pre-Qin period. Zhuang Zhou said: "In ancient times, there were many animals, so people lived in nests to escape. They pick chestnuts during the day and live in trees at dusk, so they are called the people of the nest family. " Han Fei said: "In ancient times, there were fewer people and more animals, and the people were invincible to animals, insects and snakes. There are saints who make it a nest to avoid group harm, and the people are pleased with it, making it the king of the world. posthumous title' has a nest family'. " (Han Feizi. It is said that the Youchao family invented nesting in ancient times. This legend reflects China's entry from cave to nest in primitive times. "Dunjia Mountain Map" said: "Shilou Mountain is in Langya, and the Chao family once ruled this Shan Zhinan." ("Yiwen Collection" Volume 11 cited) Langya Mountain is located in Zhucheng County, Shandong Province, where the Chao family is not credible. Xiang Jun's "Compilation of Beginners" said: "In ancient times, there were saints who went out of their nests to teach. There are nests in the south, holes in the north and ancient relics. " ("Taiping Magnolia" volume 78 cited) that nesting began in the south. "Lin Yiji" also said: "When Cangwu goes to the south, there are literary savages, who live without houses, live in trees, eat raw meat, collect incense as a business, and trade with people. If they are the people of the court." ("Taiping YuLan" volume 172 cited) Zhou Qufei said; "Deep and wide people live in the gate, build a hut and herd cattle. The reason for this is that there are many tigers and wolves in this land. It is better to say that people and animals are unsafe, but the meaning of ancient nesting! " All these indicate that nesting may have originated in the south.

Nu Wa's Family

The name of Nu Wa comes from Qu Yuan's Tian Wen: "Nu Wa has a body, who made it?" It means: Who made Nu Wa's body? It is said that Nu Wa created human beings by "refining five-color stones to make up the sky", which is a reflection of matriarchal social myths. It is said that before this, the sky fell and disasters continued. After she got off work, everything was ready She has also become the legendary god of cleaning up the heavens and the earth. This story reflects the hard struggle between ancient humans and nature.

In order to beautify the spiritual life of human beings, Nu Wa also invented a kind of sheng-Lusheng musical instrument, which can play wind whistling, insects singing and streams singing. Love words between men and women and soul love songs can also be vividly expressed, so there is an infinite peaceful atmosphere between people, especially between men and women, and many happy relationships are stirred up by beautiful musical melodies.

Later, Fu died, Nu Wa became a family and had no children. As she grew older, she lived in seclusion in a beautiful place, which is now the Nuwa Valley in Lantian County, Shaanxi Province. Later, I learned that a Kang Hui had been here, and this special water was harmful to people. Nu Wa's boss couldn't stand it, so he came out to beat Kang Hui again.

Kang Hui is a strange man who appeared in Jizhou. He was born with a bronze head, red hair and a snake-like body. He is a demon king who came from heaven to fight the people. The history books are also called * * * Gong Shi. People in his country are very familiar with water and always attack with water when fighting with others. Nu Wa made some investigations in Kang Hui with her 70 kinds of changes. After coming back, she asked many people to prepare 20,000 stones of different sizes, which were divided into five kinds, each marked with blue, yellow, red, black and white. He also ordered to prepare 100 long and short logs and 20 longest logs. On each log, Nu Wa personally carved it into the shape of an anchovy. We also asked the people to prepare another 500,000 loads of reeds for one month. We also selected 1000 able-bodied people, designated a high mountain, and told them to run up and down twice a day, as soon as possible. We also selected 2000 smart people and told them to swim in the water four times a day, so that they could stay underwater for half a day. Nu Wa taught them a secret with divine power, which made 2,000 people rejoice and practice seriously. Nu Wa's family took some earth and kneaded it into human figures of all sizes, several thousand at a time.

As soon as the preparatory work was finished, Kang Hui led the troops to attack, so he did it again. The flood opened the road. Nu Wa's wife asked people to divide 500,000 loads of reeds into two parts, set fire to them and turn them into ashes. She also asked people to dig out the soil and mix it with grass ash. Everyone takes a load and puts it where there is water. Nu Wa's wife showed her magical powers in the back, only to see that all the water that Kang reinjected was poured in. When Kang Hui was defeated for the first time, he led his men to kill him directly. His subordinates are fierce, but this time they have suffered losses and become more arrogant. At this time, thousands of clay figurines made by Nu Wa's family have grown up, the big one is five feet high and the small one is three feet high, armed with weapons and facing the enemy. When did the ministries in Kang Hui see this kind of war, they panicked and lost money? Nu Wa immediately ordered the 1,000 people who practiced swimming: "Kang Hui must choose a dangerous place to guard this retreat. He had to hide in Zenei and his hometown, Zhao Yu Daze, where he built a levee to prevent him from being flooded. As soon as you meet a lake with a levee, use the wood I prepared for you and hit the ground around the lake with four long sticks. I'm also the best, and I'm good at carrying loads. I have gone to the sea to discuss with Poseidon and temporarily borrowed four legs of several turtle fish, so the wood is engraved with not only the shape of the turtle fish, but also its spirit. " Hearing this, these people went happily. Nu Wa's family brought two thousand mountain runners, as well as restored clay dolls, stones and other things, running all the way. On the mainland, Ze and osawa completely defeated Kang Hui. When Kang Hui escaped, he met those two thousand people. They practiced long-distance running, but they were captured alive. The Ministry arrested Kang Hui and dedicated it to Nu Wa's family. Nu Wa's family described his crime in detail, ordered beheading, clicked a knife, and no blood came out, but a black gas rose into the air. It turned out that Kang Hui also had some magical powers, and turned into a black dragon and escaped. Finally, in Buzhoushan, there was another battle with the Rongrui family under Nuwa. Kang Hui failed and died without touching his head.

So the following historical events recorded in the history books appeared: * * Gong () couldn't touch the surrounding mountains, and the surrounding mountains didn't collapse, so the four poles were abandoned, Kyushu was split, Tianzhu was broken, and the land was scarce. Nu Wa worked hard, and the five-color stone refined the sky, so the land was peaceful and natural, and everything remained the same.

Suirenshi

Sui Renshi is a legendary inventor, which has been recorded in ancient books before Qin Dynasty. Sui people, Shangqiu area was a mountain forest in ancient times. Suiren, who lives in the mountains, often preys on wild animals. When rocks that hit wild animals collide with rocks, sparks often occur. Inspired by this, Suiren hit a stone with a stone, lit tinder with the sparks generated, and made a fire. This fire-making method was still used in Shangqiu countryside thirty years ago. At that time, a saint was inspired by the sparks generated by birds pecking at wood, so he broke off the branches of wood and drilled wood to make a fire. He taught people this method. Since then, human beings have learned to make artificial fire, bake food, light it, keep warm, and smell it with fire, and human life has entered a new stage. People call this saint the Suiren surname, and call him "the head of Huang San".

Fu Xishi

Fu, also known as Bao and Dong. It is said that he is a great inventor and has made great contributions to the people. "Bao family gossip, understand the virtues of the gods, the feelings of all things." He also invented "tethered net fishing" to benefit the people. These are two great inventions. Of course, the emergence of this new thing in society is the result of people's collective labor, not the gift of a "saint". But this legend tells us that Fuxi clan began to use notation and learned how to weave nets and fish. Xihe River is also called Taihao Fuxi. It is said that Hua Xushi stepped on Thor's footprints and gave birth to a son. He can "go up and down" along the building timber as a ladder, which was born and raised in the wild in Du Guang.

Fuxi has many inventions, and Fu is one of the earliest wise men in the history of China literature. Fu has a keen observation of things and a deep affection for the land. At the same time, he has superhuman wisdom. Fu Xishi described everything he observed with a mathematical symbol (this binary mathematical model has become the cornerstone of the development of computer technology today), which is gossip. It is mainly said that he sat on a square altar, listened to the music of the wind from all directions, and drew eight kinds of hanging hexagrams, namely □ (dry) ,□ (Kun) ,□ (earthquake) ,□ (ridge) ,□ (separation) ,□ (root) and□ (communication), which are called "eight diagrams". He also imitated spiders to weave webs and make fishing nets. According to this principle, his courtier Ju Mang became a bird catcher. Fuxi also made a harp, which created the joy of driving and arguing. The dawn of ancient civilization began to appear in the legendary Fuxi era. In ancient times, in the east of Jin Meng, there was a river connected with the Yellow River, from which Longma drew negative films. According to the Dragon-Horse Diagram, Fu drew a divinatory diagram with the contents of Gan, Jiao, Li, Zhen, Xun, Kan, Gen and Kun, which was later called Fuxi Bagua. Fu looked up at the images in the sky, looked down at the dharma on the ground, and explained the evolution law and human relations order of everything in heaven and earth with Yin and Yang gossip. Fu concluded a book contract, got married properly and taught fishing and hunting, which ended people's ignorant history and created Chinese civilization. Malong Futu Temple became the "source of river map", while Fu was regarded as the "ancestor of human roots" and "ancestor of humanity" of the Chinese nation. The biography of Han Kong Anguo said: "The dragon horse is the essence of heaven and earth, and its shape is also good, and its body is Longlin, so it is called the dragon horse. The dragon and horse are red and green, and they are eight feet and five inches high. It has wings like a camel, and the sage is in the throne. The negative picture comes from central Meng He. "

Fuxi later became the emperor of the East, and his courtier Ju Mang became his god. Ju Mang is in the shape of a bird and a human face, driving two dragons. He runs oriental green soil trees in two places in Yuanye, and is the God of Spring.

Incomplete: Reference:

/view/3 197.htm

The Yellow Emperor fought against Chiyou.

Thousands of years ago, many clans and tribes lived in the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins in China. Among them, the Yellow Emperor is the most famous tribal leader in the Yellow River Basin. Another famous tribal leader is called Emperor Yan. The Yellow Emperor and Yan Di are brothers. There is a Jiuli nationality in the Yangtze River valley, and their leader is Chiyou, who is very strong.

Chiyou has eighty-one brothers, all of whom have bronze heads and iron arms. They are good at making weapons such as knives and crossbows. Chiyou often leads his powerful tribe to invade and harass other tribes.

Once, Chiyou occupied the position of Emperor Yan, and Emperor Yan rose up to resist, but he was no match for Chiyou and was defeated by Chiyou. Emperor Yan had no choice but to flee to Zhuolu, where the Yellow Emperor was located, for help. The Yellow Emperor wanted to get rid of the scourge of this tribe for a long time, so he joined forces with tribal leaders to launch a decisive battle with Chiyou in the land of Zhuolu. This is the famous "Battle of Zhuolu".

At the beginning of the war, Chiyou won victories again and again with excellent weapons and brave soldiers. Later, the Yellow Emperor invited dragons and other strange beasts to help. Although Chiyou's soldiers were brave, they couldn't resist the Yellow Emperor's army and this group of beasts and fled one after another.

The Yellow Emperor led the troops to win the battle, and suddenly it was dark, with thick fog, strong wind, lightning and thunder, and heavy rain, so the soldiers of the Yellow Emperor could not continue to catch up. It turned out that Chiyou invited "Fengshen" and "Rain God" to help out. Not to be outdone, the Yellow Emperor invited the "drought god" in the sky to help dispel the wind and rain. In a flash, the wind stopped raining, and the sky was clear in Wan Li.

Chiyou also created a fog with witchcraft, which made the soldiers of the Yellow Emperor lose their way. The Yellow Emperor used the phenomenon that the Big Dipper always points to the north in the sky to build a "south guide car" to guide soldiers out of the fog.

After many fierce battles, the Yellow Emperor killed 81 Chiyou brothers, and finally captured Chiyou alive. The Yellow Emperor ordered Chiyou to be shackled and then put to death. Afraid of causing trouble after Chiyou's death, he buried his head and body in two far places. The shackles worn by Chiyou were thrown on the barren hills and turned into maple forests. Every flaming maple leaf is covered with the blood of Chiyou.

After the death of Chiyou, his brave image is still frightening. The Yellow Emperor painted his image on the military flag to encourage his troops to fight bravely and intimidate the tribes who dared to fight with him. Later, the Yellow Emperor was supported by many tribes and gradually became the leader of each tribe.

The Yellow Emperor was versatile and made many inventions, such as building palaces, making cars, building ships and making five-color clothes. Lei Zu, the wife of the Yellow Emperor, was also an inventor. It turns out that silkworms are only wild, and people don't know the use of silkworms. It was Lei Zu who taught people to raise silkworms, reel silk and weave cloth. From then on, China began to have a silk civilization. After the Yellow Emperor invented the pavilion, she also invented an umbrella that can move in rainy days.

Legends in ancient China highly praised the Yellow Emperor, and later generations believed that the Yellow Emperor was the ancestor of the Chinese nation, and he was the descendant of the Yellow Emperor. People in China often call themselves descendants of the Yellow Emperor, because they are close relatives and later merged together. To commemorate this legendary ancestor, China people also built a "Huangdi Mausoleum" on the Qiao Shan near the Yellow River in the north of huangling county, Shaanxi. Every spring, Chinese representatives from all over the world gather here to worship the ancestor of the Chinese nation.