What are the basic knowledge of the company's safety production, or documents such as safety production manuals?

Section 1 Basic Concepts of Safety in Production

I. Basic concepts

1, safety and danger

Safety and danger are relative concepts.

Danger means that the possibility of unexpected consequences in the system exceeds people's ability to bear.

Safety means that people in the production system are protected from unbearable dangers.

2. Hazard sources

Hazard source refers to the source or state that may cause personal injury, disease, property loss, work environment damage or other losses.

3. Accidents and hidden dangers

An accident refers to an accident that causes death, injury, occupational disease, property loss or other losses.

Accident hidden danger generally refers to the unsafe behavior of people, the unsafe state of things and the defects in management in the production system that can lead to accidents.

4. Intrinsic safety

Intrinsic safety means that equipment, facilities or technological processes contain inherent functions that can fundamentally prevent accidents. Specifically, it includes three aspects:

(1) error safety function. It means that even if the operator makes mistakes, accidents or injuries will not occur, or the equipment, facilities and technological processes themselves have the function of automatically preventing unsafe behaviors of people.

(2) Fault-safety function. It means that when the equipment, facilities or process flow fails or is damaged, it can temporarily maintain normal work or automatically turn into a safe state.

(3) The above two safety functions should be inherent in equipment, facilities and technology, that is, they are included in their planning and design stages, rather than compensation afterwards.

Intrinsic safety is the fundamental embodiment of safety production prevention and the highest realm of safety production management. In fact, due to technology, capital and people's understanding of accidents, intrinsic safety is still difficult to achieve and can only be the goal of the whole society.

Second, the policy of safe production

Safety in production of construction projects must adhere to the basic policy of "safety first, prevention first".

Requirements in the production process, we must adhere to the "people-oriented" principle. In the relationship between production and safety, safety is the most important, and safety must be ranked first. It is necessary to analyze the hazards in advance, predict and evaluate the dangerous and harmful factors, grasp the laws and changes of dangerous situations, and take corresponding preventive measures to nip dangerous situations and potential safety hazards in the bud.

Management personnel at all levels of construction enterprises adhere to the principles of "safety must be in charge of production" and "who is in charge and who is responsible", and fully fulfill the responsibility for safety in production.

Third, the three-level education of production safety,

New operators must receive "three-level" safety education before taking up their posts, that is, three-level safety education for companies (enterprises), project departments and teams.

1. The main contents of safety production training and education for construction enterprises include: basic knowledge of safety production, national and local guidelines, policies, regulations, standards and norms related to safety production, enterprise safety production rules and regulations, labor discipline, risk factors in construction workplaces and posts, accident prevention and emergency measures, and accident case analysis.

2. The main contents of the safety production training and education of the project department include: the safety production status and rules and regulations of the project, the risk factors existing in the project workplace and post, the preventive measures and emergency measures for accidents, and the accident case analysis.

3. The main contents of the training and education of the safety team include: the safety operation rules of this post, the correct use of production equipment, safety devices and labor protection articles (appliances), and the analysis of accident cases.

Fourth, put an end to the phenomenon of "three violations"

1, illegal command

The person in charge of the enterprise and the relevant management personnel have a weak legal concept, lack of safety knowledge, take chances, and are irresponsible for the property of the state and the collective and the life safety of the people. Knowing that it does not meet the relevant conditions of safety production, it still directs the operators to take risks.

2. Illegal operation

Operators have no common sense of safety in production, do not understand the rules and regulations of safety in production and operating procedures, or do not know basic safety knowledge. In the process of operation, in violation of safety production rules and regulations and operating procedures, regardless of state and collective property and the safety of others and their own lives, they operate without authorization and take risks.

3. Violation of labor discipline

I don't know the labor discipline when I go to work, or I don't obey the labor discipline, and I take risks in violation of the labor discipline, resulting in unsafe factors.

Five, do "three no harm"

Not hurting means "not hurting yourself, not hurting others, not hurting others."

First of all, make sure that you don't violate the rules and that you don't hurt yourself or others. To avoid being hurt by others, we need to have a good sense of self-protection and stop others from breaking the rules in time. Preventing others from breaking the rules not only protects themselves, but also protects others and many others.

Section 2 Basic knowledge of building safety

A, the characteristics of construction safety in production

1, building products are fixedly attached to the land, and there are no two identical lands in the world; The building structure, scale, function and construction technology are also varied, so it can be said that the building products are not exactly the same. There are different requirements for personnel, materials, mechanical equipment, facilities, protective equipment and construction technology as well as the environment of the construction site (such as geographical conditions, seasons, climate, etc.). ) is also very different, which determines the safety of construction is constantly changing.

2. The construction of building engineering is an assembly line, and the workplace and work content of the construction industry are dynamic and constantly changing, and each process can make the construction site completely different. With the progress of the project, the construction site may be tens of meters underground to hundreds of meters above ground. In the process of construction, the surrounding environment, working conditions and construction technology are constantly changing, and the safety problems in the construction process are also constantly changing, and the corresponding safety protection facilities often lag behind the construction progress.

3. The fluidity of building construction is another feature of building construction. After a project is completed, the construction team will move to a new location to build a new project. These new projects may be in the same area or in another area, so the construction team will flow between different areas accordingly.

4. The construction is mostly in the open air, with heavy physical labor as the main task. The high intensity of construction work, noise, high temperature, harmful gas and dust in the construction site, unstable outdoor working environment, high temperature and cold make workers' physical strength and attention decrease, and strong wind, rain and snow weather will also lead to poor working conditions and insufficient lighting at night, increasing dangerous and harmful factors.

5. The separation between the company (construction enterprise) and the project department makes the responsibility of on-site safety management more borne by the project department, which makes the company's safety measures not fully implemented in the project department.

6. There are many safety responsibility subjects such as construction, survey, design, supervision and construction in the process of building construction, and the complexity of their relationship determines the difficulty of building safety management. The construction unit is responsible for the safety of the construction site, the general contractor is responsible for the contractor, and the contractor is responsible for the general contractor and obeys the general contractor's safety production management of the construction site.

7. In recent years, buildings are changing from industrial buildings to civil buildings, buildings are developing from low-rise to high-rise, and construction sites are changing from wider sites to narrower sites. Construction is more difficult, dangerous and harmful factors change greatly, and there are many unsafe factors.

8. The low technical content and irregular operation in the production process of the construction industry determine that the quality of operators is relatively low. However, the construction industry needs a lot of human resources and is a labor-intensive industry. The short-term employment relationship between employees and the construction unit has caused a serious shortage of education and training for employees in the construction unit, which has caused the construction personnel to lack basic safety knowledge, and illegal operations and illegal orders have occurred from time to time.

Building construction is complicated and changeable. Due to the above factors, there are many unsafe factors, which are more complicated. Especially in peak season and rush hour, accidents are more likely to occur. In the process of construction, there are temporary ideas, no reliable safety measures, cutting corners, emphasizing production over safety, taking chances, and casualties will inevitably occur frequently.

Second, the main safety accidents on the construction site

The construction industry is a high-risk industry with frequent accidents, including five kinds of accidents: falling from a height, electric shock, object strike, mechanical injury and collapse. It is the most common accident in the construction industry, accounting for more than 95% of the total number of accidents, and is called "five major injuries".

Other construction accidents include fire, poisoning and suffocation, gunpowder explosion, vehicle injury, lifting injury, drowning, combustion, boiler explosion, container explosion, other explosions and other injuries.

Third, the basic safety discipline to enter the construction site

1, enter the construction site must wear a helmet, fasten the hat belt, and the correct use of personal labor protection articles.

2, are not allowed to wear slippers, high heels, barefoot or shirtless into the construction site.

3, without safety education and training qualified shall not mount guard, it is forbidden for operators to enter the dangerous area; Special operations personnel must hold a special operation qualification certificate.

4, where there is no safety facilities for aerial work more than 2m, must fasten your seat belt; You must fasten your seat belt before operation.

5, high homework materials and tools and other objects shall not be thrown down.

6, wear hard shoes may not be climbing operations.

7, mechanical equipment, machines and tools, must implement the system of "one man, one machine"; Without the consent of the relevant personnel, non-operating personnel shall not use it.

8, electric machinery and equipment, there must be a leakage protection device and reliable protection by zero, can start using.

9, without the approval of the relevant personnel, shall not be arbitrarily dismantled safety facilities and safety devices; If it needs to be dismantled due to operation, it must be restored immediately after the operation is completed.

10, tic-tac-toe baskets and hoppers are not allowed to carry people.

1 1, no homework after drinking.