History of Zibo Ceramics

Zibo has a long history of ceramic production.

At the latest, in the post-Li Wenhua period of the early Neolithic Age, the ancestors of China began to dig the ground to build kilns, burn firewood and make pottery.

In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, clever Zibo ceramic craftsmen made a historic leap from pottery to porcelain, and Zichuan Zhaili Kiln became the only celadon producing area in northern China.

During the Song and Jin Dynasties, the number of kilns increased and new products emerged one after another. The kiln is the largest, and the government has set up a "service office" here to collect taxes.

After the war at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, there was a new development in the Ming Dynasty, and there was a grand occasion of "thousands of potters" in Boshan.

During the three dynasties of Kang, Yong and Gan in the early Qing Dynasty, the ceramic industry in Zibo developed rapidly, and Boshan became the concentrated producing area and sales center of Shandong ceramics, and was known as the "porcelain capital".

After the founding of New China, Zibo has gradually developed into one of the five major ceramic producing areas in China.

There are 180 ceramic production enterprises in China, with 37,000 employees and an annual output of 559 million daily-use ceramics.

Shandong Ceramic Company was formally established in 1982, located in Boshan District, Zibo City.

By the end of the 20th century, the coverage of ceramic products in Zibo has expanded to more than 70 countries and regions.

1In July, 984, Shandong Province, Zibo City and Boshan District jointly invested more than 400,000 yuan to establish the only ceramics museum in Shandong Province at that time-ceramics museum, Zibo.

The exhibition hall of the museum is located in the north hall of the main courtyard of Yan Wen General Temple. Its exhibition is divided into three parts: the origin of ancient ceramics, the slow progress of modern ceramics and the vigorous development of contemporary ceramics. More than 65,438 ancient, modern and modern ceramics were exhibited.

The first group of exhibits are Zibo ceramics from Dawenkou culture and Longshan culture to the end of Qing Dynasty, including red pottery ding, red pottery cup, black pottery basin, grey pottery ding, grey pottery pot, grey pottery bean and grey pottery bowl.

There are also earthen tiles unearthed in Linzi, the old capital of Qi, as well as white glazed black flowered pottery pots, jade pots and spring bottles, which reflect the long history and culture of Zibo.

The second group of exhibits is mainly contemporary ceramics, with fine arts ceramics. Among them, Boshan's unique glazes "Raindrop Glaze" and "Tea End Glaze" are rare crystalline glaze initiated by Zibo ancestors 1000 years ago.

Raindrop glaze, formerly known as oil drop glaze, was called "drop bead" in ancient times. Because the glaze is covered with radial round crystals, it is silvery metallic luster, which is named after the water ring spots when raindrops fall into the water. It is mainly used to make tea sets and artistic utensils.

Silver is shining on the black glaze, which is as big as beans and as small as rice. When pouring tea, it glows golden, and when filling water, it glows silver.

Unique style, elegant taste, known as valuable porcelain at home and abroad.

The Japanese even said that "the price of raindrop porcelain fragments is the same as that of Cui Jin".

Raindrop glaze originated in the kiln field around Boshan Street in the Northern Song Dynasty, but it was lost at the end of Yuan Dynasty.

1936, the development of Boshan black pottery artist Hou Xianghui was resumed, but the process was not completely passed.

1959 tackled the problem again, and the quality surpassed that of Song Dynasty. The product was selected as a national gift porcelain and exported to Hong Kong, Japan and the United States.

Tea glaze utensils are simple, elegant and vigorous, with dark color of "crab shell green" and light color of "eel yellow".

Tea powder glaze originated in the middle Tang Dynasty and matured in the late Tang Dynasty. Because the glaze is covered with flaky crystals as fine as dust, it is named after the shape of fine tea powder.

The ancients said that "tea leaves are yellow and green, charming and good."

Brilliant in flowers, beautiful as jade, beautiful as a bottle, the most eye-catching ",is one of the famous glazes in ancient China.

Lost in the Yuan Dynasty, it was developed and restored by Boshan ceramist Chen Xiling in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China. The utensils and sculptures made are called the best of Boshan porcelain, which are bought in large quantities by antique shops as antiques, while the Japanese buy them back from Beijing as antique porcelain to make huge profits.

From 65438 to 0957, tea glaze products began to be exported and exhibited abroad many times, which won praise for the motherland.

The third group of exhibits are mainly ceramic sculptures, and most of the products are displayed by Shandong Silicate Research Institute and Zibo Fine Arts Ceramics Factory. Confucius, Zhang Heng, Zu Chongzhi, Hua Tuo, Pu Songling, Guanyin and other figures are lifelike; All kinds of animal models are lifelike, showing the superb skills of ceramic artists.

Among them, there are many masterpieces of Chen Xiling, the heir of China's master of arts and crafts.

Ceramics museum, Zibo also exhibited various porcelain and glaze products produced in Zibo, including crystalline glaze, gem porcelain, talc porcelain, high feldspar porcelain, high aging porcelain, bone porcelain, Lu Yu porcelain, Lu Cui porcelain, Lu Qing porcelain and Lu Guang porcelain.

In recent years, ceramics museum, Zibo, has collected a batch of ceramics unearthed from the Warring States Period to the Jin Dynasty from Boshan North City Tomb, Boshan Jin Dynasty mural tomb, Boshan Middle Road Ancient Porcelain Kiln Site and Nanwan Mountain Ancient Porcelain Kiln Site, among which square pottery beans, covered pottery beans, ceramic bells, black glazed split pots and white glazed vats are the treasures of Zibo ceramics.

If there are rich and colorful ceramic products, there must be a well-run ceramic market.

There is a Boshan Ceramic and Glass Grand View Garden on the Yueyang River, which is located at 199 1 in the southeast of ceramics museum, Zibo. It is the largest wholesale market of ceramic glass in China at present.

The market of Daguan Garden has a building area of 250,000 square meters, a business area of 6,543.8+0.5 million square meters, more than 800 doorways, and more than 6,543.8+0.5 million listed varieties, with an annual turnover of more than 700 million yuan.

It not only deals in Zibo pottery and Ryukyu products, but also deals in daily-use porcelain in Tangshan, Jingdezhen and Liling, purple porcelain in Yixing, Tang Sancai in Luoyang and artistic porcelain in Foshan and Chaozhou. It is a veritable ceramic distribution center.

Daguan Garden has a wide range of products, complete facilities and first-class management services, and has been rated as a national civilized market by the State Administration for Industry and Commerce.

The Grand View Garden was completed in three phases, and its scale was gradually expanded, which provided a broad stage for industrial and commercial enterprises in this area, and also attracted pottery and jade products from other regions to enter, forming a gratifying situation in which a hundred flowers blossom and compete for beauty.

After the completion of the third phase of the project, the prestigious Boshan aragonite and calligraphy and painting works were introduced into the market, and the crystallization of various regional cultures was fully displayed in the Grand View Garden.

The local * * * is not satisfied with the existing achievements, and plans to build Daguan Garden into a ceramic glass city covering an area of 4.7 square kilometers, with 100 pottery and Ryukyu production enterprises, 1000 management doors and 30,000 employees, integrating pottery and Ryukyu production, sales and sightseeing.

From the 1980s of reform and opening up to the beginning of the 20th century, ceramic cultural activities in Zibo came one after another.

Shandong province annals published by 1995 As the most distinctive volume of the first new socialist local chronicles in Shandong Province, The History of Ceramic Industry shows the world the splendid picture of Qilu ceramic industry represented by Zibo ceramics in 8000 years, and becomes one of the most readable chapters in the 88 volumes of The History of Shandong Province.

In the same year, the first "Zibo City Records" set up a special article, which separated the ceramic industry from the light industry, described the history and present situation of Zibo, an important ceramic producing area in China, with rich colors, and highlighted it in the colorful pages and cultural relics chapters on the previous page.

Since 1990, China Zibo Ceramic Glass Art Festival and International Ceramic Expo have been held one after another, and the ceramic culture of Zibo and Zibo has been further promoted to the world with the strategy of building a stage for culture and singing opera economically.

At the beginning of the new century, Zibo, China and ceramics museum were completed in the central city, creating a new era of organic combination of ceramics and natural history and culture at a deeper level.

Ceramics museum, China, Zibo is located in the east of the lush Zibo Cultural Square, adjacent to Zibo Museum, with an exhibition area of 4,000 square meters, which consists of four parts: ancient exhibition area, modern exhibition area, performance area and sales area.

More than 2,000 pieces of ceramic cultural relics from various historical periods in China and fine works of art from major ceramic producing areas in China were comprehensively displayed, which concentrated on the prehistoric culture of Chinese civilization, ancient famous kilns and fine works of domestic modern ceramic cultural relics, and unfolded an 8,000-year historical picture scroll in front of an endless audience.

The ancient exhibition hall shows the ceramic cultural relics from the post-Li Wenhua period to the Republic of China, including the eggshell pottery cup, which marks the highest achievement of Longshan culture, the blue-glazed lotus statue of the Northern Dynasty, and the famous rare treasures of the Song Dynasty, such as glaze color, Ding kiln bowl and Ge kiln bowl.

The pottery in Longshan culture period, the glazed cauldron in Lu Hua in Tang Dynasty, the vanadium-red celestial globe with tangled branches in Qing Dynasty, and the blue-and-white lotus pattern with tangled branches bring your thoughts back to a long time ago, allowing you to appreciate the profound cultural heritage of China ancient ceramics industry in amazement.

According to the different uses and artistic styles, the modern exhibition hall divides the exhibits into art ceramics, modern ceramics, carved porcelain art, daily-use ceramics, garden art ceramics, architectural ceramics, bathroom ceramics and scientific ceramics.

Here, outstanding works such as Chen's Balance, Han Meilin's Cock with Dim Glaze, Brother's Mixed Three-Ring Bottle and Chen's Red crystalline glaze vat will attract your attention for a long time and let you listen to the steps of China ceramic art at the world level.

Taoyuan, located in the East Hall of ceramics museum, is a place where the public can make pottery, play with mud and experience the fun of pottery.

100 square meter area, enough for 30 people to operate at the same time, and cultivate their own sentiments in leisure.

The creative demonstration hall in the museum provides standardized operation demonstrations for the audience.

There are all kinds of products in the sales area. If you meet something you like, you can keep it for yourself at the right price.

Zibo is the birthplace of Qi culture, and the 80-year history of Zibo ceramics is an integral part of Qi culture.

The transition from pottery in the Southern and Northern Dynasties to porcelain to the heyday in the Song and Jin Dynasties is remarkable in the history of ceramic development in China.

Since the reform and opening up, Zibo's ceramic industry has achieved fruitful results. Inventions and creations represented by talc porcelain, high-time porcelain, Luguang porcelain, fine stoneware and synthetic bone porcelain, daily-use ceramics represented by "loong Banquet Porcelain" and unique artistic carving porcelain at home and abroad mark that Zibo ceramic industry has entered a more glorious historical period.

Zibo ceramics museum, Boshan Tamia Liu Grand View Garden and Zibo China ceramics museum complement each other, echoing north and south, connecting Zibo Ceramics' yesterday, today and tomorrow.

After thousands of years in Lingyi Valley, the achievements of the ancients now stand quietly in the cabinet window for future generations to pay tribute to.

Looking back at the past in the face of museums, "the international level should be surpassed and carried forward (Guo Moruo's poem)", and the ceramic industry in Zibo will live up to its mission.