Detailed analysis of real estate development flow chart

Real estate development refers to the land development and housing construction carried out by enterprises engaged in real estate development to realize urban planning and urban construction (including the development of new urban areas and the reconstruction of old urban areas). At present, real estate investment is characterized by high profit, high investment and high risk in the investment industry, and many enterprises engaged in real estate development are often under great pressure. Are you familiar with the real estate development process? The flow chart of real estate development can help you understand it faster. If you have this demand, don't miss the following real estate development flow chart! It will definitely benefit you a lot.

Flow chart of real estate development 1

Real estate development process:

(A) the development ideas put forward by developers are the starting point of the whole real estate project development.

Under the condition of market economy system, development concept is the most critical work for real estate developers. Judging from this work, the whole real estate project development has entered a state. Whether the development idea accurately reflects the market demand will determine the success or failure of the whole real estate project development in the future. This requires real estate developers to seriously study the changing trend of the real estate market, determine the development prospects of different lots and grasp the market demand of different projects.

(2) Feasibility study is the second step of real estate project development, and it is also a very critical step.

Developers have put forward an idea, but whether this idea has a real market prospect still needs feasibility study. Feasibility study is an essential stage of real estate project development. Whether the government approves the project and whether the bank agrees to give financial support needs to refer to the results of the feasibility study. The feasibility study may have two results: first, the feasibility study shows that this idea is not feasible, so even if the developer disagrees, the whole process of project development will actually end; Secondly, the feasibility study shows that this idea is feasible, so the project can go to the final stage without accident. At present, the phenomenon of ignoring feasibility study or treating feasibility study as a trend in China is still quite strong in the field of real estate project development, which has caused a series of consequences such as high vacancy rate and needs to be paid attention to by the government.

(3) Applying for project land is the third step of real estate development, and it is also the first step to formally start project development.

Land is the foundation of all buildings, and applying for land is the first step of real estate development. In China, land resources are extremely scarce because of the large population and small land. For many developers, land acquisition is the most critical step. With land, all the conditions for development are met. With land, there will be no worries about projects and money. Therefore, all kinds of corruption incidents emerge one after another in the land market. China initially stipulated that land could be acquired in two ways: allocation and transfer. Excessive allocation of land has impacted the normal operation of the land market. At present, only a few cases can obtain allocated land, and most of the land is obtained through transfer. But it is actually the main way to obtain land from the original land users (that is, state-owned enterprises and institutions that originally occupied state-owned land). After the developer has obtained the specified service life of the land use right, he should go to the construction administrative department for the record and get the real estate development project manual.

(D) Project design is the fourth step of real estate development, and it is also an important step related to whether the project meets the market demand.

According to the scale of the project, the specific workflow is also different. For large-scale real estate development projects, it is generally divided into three specific steps: scheme design, preliminary design and construction drawing design. The scheme design embodies the design requirements of building layout, functional zoning, facade modeling, spatial scale, building structure, environmental relationship and so on. The preliminary design should be based on the scheme design, and put forward the design standards, basic forms, structural schemes and design schemes of various disciplines. The preliminary design document shall include four parts: general design specification, design drawings, list of major equipment and materials, and project budget. The construction drawing design is a more detailed design based on the preliminary design, including the dimensions, layout and main construction methods of various parts of engineering equipment; It is also necessary to draw complete and detailed building and installation drawings and necessary text descriptions. Before planning and architectural design, developers need to declare the planning and design conditions to the competent department of city planning administration, so as to obtain the notice of planning and design conditions (mainly stipulating the planned construction land area, total construction area, floor area ratio, building density, greening rate, red line distance of building concession, building control height, number of parking spaces, etc.). ). According to the notice of planning and design, the real estate developer entrusts a unit with planning and design qualification to complete the scheme design, and then submits the scheme design application form, scheme design and its instructions and other related materials to the competent department of city planning administration for review, and after confirming that it meets the planning requirements, issues a planning permit for construction land. After the scheme design is approved, the preliminary design can be carried out. The competent department of city planning administration shall review the preliminary design scheme of the construction project and confirm that it conforms to the planning and design points before the construction unit can carry out the construction drawing design. The competent department of city planning administration shall, after passing the examination of the construction drawings and related materials, issue the construction project planning permit.

(5) Land requisition, demolition and resettlement is the fifth step of real estate development and the first step after obtaining the land use right.

After obtaining the construction land planning permit and the construction project planning permit, land acquisition, demolition and resettlement must be carried out. Developers also need to go through the relevant formalities in the land management department. The land management department shall, according to the land use right certificate of the real estate developer and the construction land planning permit, delimit the site scope on the spot. Developers can only carry out the land acquisition and demolition plan within the designated scope.

(VI) Raising funds for real estate development is the sixth step of real estate development and the most important work after land acquisition, demolition and resettlement.

Most real estate developers have basically spent their own funds after obtaining the land use right. How to get the real estate development funds needed for further development has become the most important work for real estate developers. Developers need to make a plan for the use of funds, and then determine the amount of funds to be raised on this basis. Then through the choice of various financing schemes, the reasonable financing scheme is determined. At present, there are few financing channels for domestic real estate developers, which are basically loans from commercial banks. Real estate development is a high-risk business activity. Once the investment fails, it will be implicated in the banking system. Recently, the People's Bank of China has greatly raised the loan threshold for real estate developers, which will curb some overheated real estate investment in China.

(7) Bidding for construction projects is the seventh step of real estate development and an effective method to select suitable contractors and supervision units.

The bidding system of engineering projects is one of the major reform measures in China's engineering construction market. Through bidding, real estate developers can first choose the right project contractor to ensure that the project investment does not exceed the budget, the quality meets the design requirements, and the construction period reaches the expected goal. After determining the project contractor, the real estate developer also needs to select a suitable supervision unit through bidding in order to supervise the construction project.

(8) Construction is the eighth step of real estate development, and it is also a key step for the project to be completed on time and with high quality.

In order to ensure the organization of construction in accordance with the provisions of the construction project planning permit, the state stipulates that the competent department of urban planning administration must set out and inspect the line at the construction site, and can only break ground after obtaining the construction project development certificate from the competent department of construction administration. After employing the supervision unit, the main work of the project will be entrusted to the supervision unit, and the developer will only control the final management right, that is, maintain effective supervision over the supervision unit and dismiss the supervision unit if necessary. After the completion of the project construction, it must pass the comprehensive completion acceptance presided over by the administrative department of urban construction. If you can't pass the acceptance, you can't invest in the real estate market.

(9) Marketing planning is the ninth step of real estate development and the key step to realize economic benefits.

Developers of real estate projects can consider marketing the developed real estate projects when the development projects are about to be completed. Developers who meet the pre-sale conditions of government departments can carry out the pre-sale work of developed real estate projects while carrying out construction. Real estate marketing includes real estate market investigation, determination of marketing objectives and means, determination of sales methods, formulation of sales contracts, preparation of sales promotional materials, training of sales personnel, participation in necessary exhibitions, selection of advertising methods, etc. Even giving the project a nice name can play an extremely important role in the sales of commercial housing projects. Of course, the rental and sale of real estate development projects must be approved by the real estate administrative department and obtain a sales license.

(10) Property management is the last step and after-sales service of real estate development.

Real estate development flow chart II

The legal provisions of the real estate development process:

People's Republic of China (PRC) City Real Estate Management Law;

Twenty-fifth real estate development must strictly implement urban planning, and implement comprehensive planning, rational layout, comprehensive development and supporting construction in accordance with the principle of unity of economic benefits, social benefits and environmental benefits.

Twenty-sixth to obtain land use rights for real estate development by means of transfer, the development must be carried out in accordance with the land use and development period agreed in the land use right transfer contract. If the development has not started for one year beyond the date agreed in the transfer contract, the land idle fee equivalent to less than 20% of the transfer fee for land use rights may be levied; If the development has not started for two years, the land use right can be recovered free of charge; However, unless the start of development is delayed due to force majeure or the actions of the government and relevant government departments or the preliminary work necessary for the start of development.

Article 27 The design and construction of real estate development projects must conform to the relevant national standards and norms. Real estate development projects can only be delivered after completion and acceptance.

Article 28 Land use rights obtained according to law may be converted into shares at a fixed price to jointly develop and operate real estate in accordance with this Law and relevant laws and administrative regulations.

Article 29 The State adopts preferential measures such as taxation to encourage and support real estate development enterprises to develop and build houses.

Thirtieth real estate development enterprises are enterprises engaged in real estate development and management for the purpose of making profits. The establishment of a real estate development enterprise shall meet the following conditions:

(1) Having its own name and organization;

(2) Having a fixed business place;

(3) Having a registered capital meeting the requirements of the State Council;

(four) there are enough professional and technical personnel;

(5) Other conditions stipulated by laws and administrative regulations.

The establishment of a real estate development enterprise shall apply to the administrative department for industry and commerce for registration of establishment. The administrative department for industry and commerce shall register and issue a business license to those who meet the requirements stipulated in this law; Those who do not meet the requirements stipulated in this law shall not be registered. Where a limited liability company or a joint stock limited company is established to engage in real estate development and operation, the relevant provisions of the Company Law shall also be implemented. A real estate development enterprise shall, within one month after obtaining the business license, go to the county level where the registration authority is located. If a real estate development enterprise develops real estate by stages, the amount of investment by stages shall be commensurate with the scale of the project, and in accordance with the stipulations of the land use right transfer contract, it shall invest funds for the project construction on schedule.

Real estate development flow chart III

What are the classifications of real estate development?

(1) According to the scale of real estate development, it can be divided into three categories: single development, residential development and piece development.

1, single development. Single development refers to the development form with small scale, less land occupation, single project function and simple supporting facilities. This development form often forms a relatively independent project in the overall development of the new district and the overall transformation of the old city, but its appearance, style, facilities and other requirements are coordinated with the overall development project, so that such development can be completed in a relatively short time.

2. Community development. Community development refers to the comprehensive development of independent communities in new city development or the renovation of relatively independent local areas in old city reconstruction, which is equivalent to the renovation of relatively independent blocks. This type of development needs complete infrastructure and supporting projects in the development zone. Compared with single development, it has larger scale, larger land occupation, more investment and longer construction period, and is generally developed by stages and batches.

3. Film development. Piece development refers to the comprehensive development with wide scope (close to opening up a new urban area), large investment, many projects and long construction period. For example, Yangpu Development Zone in Hainan and Pudong Development Zone in Shanghai. In the film development, real estate development often becomes the basic industry and the first project, and plays its role of starting and guiding.

(2) According to the different contents of real estate development, it can be divided into: simple land development and redevelopment; Simple housing development and redevelopment; Comprehensive development of land and houses.

1, simple land development and redevelopment.

Land development refers to three links and one leveling (electricity, water and access) or seven links and one leveling (electricity, water, access, drainage, gas, heat and postal services); Leveling means leveling the land), and earthwork construction shall be carried out according to the vertical planning. Turning natural land into construction land is used to build various houses and facilities, which is the development activity of turning raw land into cultivated land. The construction of new towns generally requires land development first. Before leveling the land, the development company should also investigate underground objects to determine whether there are cultural relics, pipelines, cables, air-raid shelters and other underground objects, and remove underground objects according to regulations. Those that cannot be dismantled should also be considered and handled during the construction of facilities.

During the period, the work requirements of seven connections and one leveling are higher than those of three connections and one leveling. The following projects must be completed: energy system engineering, including power supply, heat supply, gas supply and other facilities; Water supply and drainage system engineering, including water intake, water delivery, water purification, water distribution network, drainage network, cold water treatment and other projects; Road traffic system engineering; Post and telecommunications system engineering, including postal, telecommunications and computer network facilities. ; Land leveling project.

Land redevelopment refers to adjusting the land use structure and improving the infrastructure by investing a certain amount of capital and labor in the existing land in developed areas, thus improving the land use function and development and utilization efficiency. The reconstruction of old urban areas generally requires land redevelopment.

2. Simple housing development and reconstruction. Housing development refers to the activity of building new houses on land with construction conditions. Generally, it includes foundation construction, main project construction, supporting and accessory project construction, installation and decoration project construction. Housing redevelopment refers to the large-scale expansion and reconstruction of existing houses in order to improve their use function and efficiency without demolishing existing houses. Also known as the old city development. It should be pointed out that the expansion and reconstruction of houses only belong to the category of real estate development if they reach a certain degree and scale. The general renovation of existing houses belongs to property management, not real estate development.

3. Comprehensive development of land and houses. The comprehensive development of land and housing refers to the real estate development activities engaged in land development and housing development, or in the whole process of land redevelopment and housing development. At present, there are many such forms of real estate development in China.

(3) According to different development purposes, real estate development can be divided into commercial real estate development and self-use real estate development.

1, commercial real estate development. Commercial real estate development refers to the development activities in which specialized real estate development enterprises trade their products (houses, infrastructure and land use rights) as commodities through real estate investment and development activities in pursuit of profit returns.

2. Self-use real estate development. Self-use real estate development refers to self-use real estate development activities. Developers are users. The developed real estate products are not in circulation, but only meet the needs of developers' own production, operation or consumption. The development process itself does not pursue profit.

Editor's summary: