Yan Zhaowang's knowledge of classical Chinese in the Warring States policy.

1. Warring States Policy Yan Zhaowang ascended the throne after cleaning up the broken Yan State. He paid tribute to the virtuous corporal and recruited talented people with a generous dowry, hoping to rely on them to avenge Qi's killing of his father. To this end, he went to see Mr. Guo Kun and said, "Qi took advantage of people's danger and attacked our Yan State. I know that Yan is weak and unable to retaliate. However, if we can make the wise men and I * * * become a business country, it is my wish to be ashamed of the king in the snow. What should Mr. Wang do to avenge his country?

Mr. Guo Kun replied: "The monarch who achieved imperial career took the sage as his teacher, the monarch who achieved Wang Ye took the sage as his friend, the monarch who achieved hegemony took the sage as his minister, and the dying monarch took the sage as his servant. If you can serve in a servile manner and be taught in a lower position, then people who are a hundred times stronger than yourself will come; Study early and rest late, consult others before meditation, and people who can surpass themselves ten times will come; What others do, they follow suit, and then people who can compete with themselves will come; If you rely on several cases and command others with a crutch, the people who are driven to run errands will come; If you indulge your arrogance, behave rudely, curse and yell at you, only slaves and prisoners will come. This is the way to practice kingliness and attract talents in past dynasties. If the king really wants to widely select domestic sages, he should visit him himself. When the sages of the world heard of this move by the king, they would surely become Yan. "

Zhao Haoqi said, "Who should I visit first?" Mr. Guo Kun said: "I heard that there was a monarch in ancient times who wanted to buy a swift horse with his daughter, but he didn't buy it for three years." A servant in the palace said to him,' Please let me buy it. The monarch sent him. Three months later, he finally found a swift horse. Unfortunately, the horse died, but he bought the horse's head with 500 gold and came back to report to the monarch. The monarch was furious and said,' I want a live horse. What's the use of throwing away 500 gold for nothing? The valet confidently said to the monarch,' You are willing to pay 500 gold for a dead horse, let alone a live horse. Everyone in the world must think that it is good for your majesty to buy a horse, and someone will give you a swift horse soon. So in less than a year, I bought three maxima. If the king really wants Luo Zhi talents now, please start with me first; I am still valued, not to mention those who are better than me? Do they still think a thousand miles is too far? "

So Zhao Haoqi built a special house for Guo Kun and worshipped him as a teacher. News spread, from Wei, Zou Yan from Qi, and Xin from Zhao, and talents scrambled to gather in the State of Yan. Zhao Haoqi also paid homage to the dead in the central part of the country, sympathized with the living and shared joys and sorrows with the people. In the twenty-eighth year, Yan became rich and strong, and the soldiers were very happy and willing to work. So he thought that the general planned to attack Qi together with Qin Chu, Zhao, Wei and Han in Sanjin. Qi was defeated and King Qi Min fled abroad. The Yanjun fought alone and went all the way to Linzi, the capital of Qi, plundering all the treasures there and burning down the palaces and ancestral temples of Qi. The cities of Qi were not captured, only Ju and Jimo were left.

Yan Zhaowang Qiushi's translation is needed. This article is selected from The Warring States Policy.

The Warring States Policy is a national history book in the pre-Qin period, which mainly records the speeches and activities of some strategists in the Warring States period and also reflects some major historical events at that time. However, because the author often uses exaggeration and fiction, some accounts in this book are not completely in line with historical facts.

The original work may not be written by one author, so the content is somewhat repetitive and the order is chaotic. Later, at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang sorted it out and classified it into twelve national policies: Western Zhou, Eastern Zhou, Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao, Wei, Qin, Zhongshan, Song and Wei.

Yan Zhaowang Qiushi belongs to Yance. At the end of the Warring States Period, Yan Zhaowang sincerely recruited sages and relied on them for revenge.

First of all, make it clear: Why does Yan Zhaowang need a taxi? As we all know, the Warring States period is an era of division, and it is also an era from division to unity. At that time, the princes fought for hegemony, the big countries annexed the small countries, and the strong countries bullied the weak countries. The so-called "law of the jungle" often breaks out in the merger and acquisition war.

Yan is located in the north, and its jurisdiction is similar to that of northern Hebei and western Liaoning today. It was still a small country in the Western Zhou Dynasty and gradually became rich and strong in the Warring States Period.

In 3 16 BC, Yan Zhaowang's father, Yan Wang, came to power soon. He listened to the rhetoric of a man named Mao Lushou, followed Yao Shun's abdication, gave the throne to Guo Xiangzi, and took back all the official seals of ministers who earned more than 300 stones, and his son resigned himself. This practice aroused the strong dissatisfaction of the old nobles in Yan State, and the new and old nobles fought fiercely for it.

After three years in office, Yan was in chaos. Qi took the opportunity to send troops to attack. It took only 15 days to capture Ji, the capital of Yan State, and the prince of Yan died. Zi was captured alive and ordered to be executed. As a result, the people of Yan held the son of Kuang Ping and ascended the throne. This is Yan Zhaowang.

After Yan Zhaowang ascended the throne, he would be ambitious even if his country hated his family and enemies. However, Qi is a relatively strong country, with a vast territory and rich products, and its soldiers are stronger than Ma Zhuang.

Compared with Qi State, Yan State is small in place and weak in strength, so it is easy to take revenge. Yan Zhaowang thinks that the gap between Yan and Qi is great, but it can be bridged. The key is to seek scholars. Why does Yan Zhaowang attach so much importance to seeking truth and think it is the key to revenge? The so-called "scholar", in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Western Zhou Dynasty, originally referred to the middle and lower classes of nobles, ranking below the literati and above the common people.

Later, with the development and change of society, the meaning of "scholar" also changed. During the Warring States period, almost all adult men with certain skills could be called "scholars".

This can be confirmed from the records of the Warring States Policy and other related books. According to the records of these books, the composition of these scholars is very complicated. Among them, some are far-sighted and sharp-thinking politicians; Some are generals who are good at leading troops to fight, attack cities and seize customs; Have a plenty of road sees rough, draw out a sword to help the ranger; Some are eloquent lobbyists; There are also some poor people who are scheming and scheming.

At that time, these scholars were few in number, but they were very energetic. Some lobbyists, in particular, are good at grasping the monarch's psychology according to the vital interests of all countries and expressing their political opinions and struggle strategies. They have a glib mouth, and a few words can often change a monarch's views and affect the situation.

Mencius said in the book: "When these people are angry, the princes are afraid and born in the world." It means that when these people get angry, they will get angry and make trouble; And if they live at home, the world will be peaceful.

Of course, there are exaggerated elements here, but we can also see that these people's energy is serious and should not be underestimated. Because of its huge energy, countries are scrambling to find it, and powerful countries want to use it to expand their territory and unify the world; Weak countries hope to rely on them to maintain security.

Even some nobles want to adopt them for a rainy day. So the wind of seeking scholars prevailed at that time.

The most famous are the four sons of the Warring States: Xin, Chun and He. Yan Zhaowang wanted revenge, and his national strength was insufficient. Naturally, he thought of seeking a scholar and wanted to rely on the scholar's strength to help him serve his country.

Then how did he hire a scholar? The full text can be divided into three paragraphs: the first paragraph: the first sentence, which puts forward the general outline of the full text-revenge for those who recruit sages. (Point out why scholars are needed) Paragraph 2: Focus on recruiting talents and attracting wisdom.

The third paragraph: focus on revenge. (Write the results of scholars) "After Yan Zhaowang collected the broken swallow."

When Yan Zhaowang ascended the throne, he took over a broken country, so he was called "Broken Swallow". "acceded to the throne, humble body thick currency".

"Humble" makes the body humble and lowers its status. What is said here is not to put on airs as a monarch. "Thick coins" make coins thick, adjectives as verbs, and rich gifts.

"Coin" not only refers to money in ancient times, but also refers to gifts such as silk and jade. "Those who recruit sages will take revenge."

The word "zhi", the former is a conjunction, indicating the purpose, and the latter is a preposition, omitting the object sage. What these words say is: After cleaning up the broken state of Yan, when Yan Zhaowang became a monarch, he lowered his status, and recruited talented people with generous gifts, ready to rely on them to avenge his country.

These words explain Yan Zhaowang's method and purpose of seeking a scholar. The method is "humble body and thick coins"; The purpose is "to repay the enemy."

Yan Zhaowang was not sure whether he could find a sage, so he asked Mr. Guo Kun, a sage of Yan State. "So, I went to see Mr. Guo Kun and said: Qi attacked Yan because of the chaos in the lonely country. I know that Yan's strength is not big enough to repay. But I won the sage and the kingdom of * * *. I am ashamed of being the king in the snow. I am lonely.

Dare to ask the country what to do? ""because ",and. "As the ancient king said," loneliness "is a modest statement.

"Break Yan", breaking is a verb, and two verbs * * * with an object are breaking Yan. The prepositional object "sage" is omitted after "country of harmony" and "harmony".

In other words, with smart people. Say, with wise men in * * * to plan state affairs.

"Dare to ask", take the liberty of asking. "Dare" is a modal adverb showing respect.

"Report by country" and "press" indicate dependence and dependence. Say, with China's current strength.

"What can I do?" How can I get revenge? How to be "helpless" This is Yan Zhaowang asking Mr. Guo Kun for advice.

3. Guo Kui said that Yan Zhaowang's article "The Warring States Policy" is a famous historical work in ancient China. It is a national history book, which mainly records the struggles of strategists and strategists during the Warring States period. The book was compiled in the order of Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Western Zhou Dynasty, Qin State, Qi State, Chu State, Zhao State, Wei State, South Korea, Yan State, Song State, Wei State and Zhongshan State, with a total of 12, 33 volumes and 497 articles. The recorded history is about1.2000 words, from 490 years before Zhi Bo's defeat to the attack on Qin Shihuang in 22 1 year before Gao Jianli. It is one of the most accomplished and influential historical prose works in the pre-Qin period.

"The Warring States Policy" is the most complete book that records the political struggle in ancient China during the Warring States Period. In fact, it was a compilation of speeches made by lobbyists at that time. At that time, the changes in the situation of the seven countries, the reunification of Lian Heng, the protracted war and the change of political power were all related to the advice of counselors and the debate of wise men, so they had important historical value. The book has beautiful words, vivid language, good eloquence, resourcefulness and vivid characters, and often uses fables to explain the truth. Well-known fables include "painting a snake to add feet", "sheep dying to fill a hole", "Smith" and "doing the opposite". It also occupies an important position in the history of China's classical literature.

4. Analysis of the ideological content and artistic features of Yan Zhaowang's Autumn Harvest △ Autumn Harvest in Yan Zhaowang;

1. This article is selected from Yan Ceyi.

2. Commentary: According to the staff, Ji Feng ignored the instructions, and then the servants arrived.

Commentary: Feng: Depend on the same. Squint: strabismus. Instruction: Use finger gestures to drive people away. Servant: A handyman.

Lean on the table, lean on a stick, squint your eyes, and drive people away with your fingers, then only those who are willing to be bossed around will come to you.

3. This paper discusses the ideological content and artistic features of Guo Kun's rhetoric.

According to Yan Zhaowang's wish of "ruling the country by virtue of virtue", this paper first points out that four different monarchs correspond to four different talents, and then points out that five attitudes towards talents attract different people. Finally, it is suggested that he personally meet the sages of junior high school to show respect, start from respecting himself and attract talents from all over the world. Guo Kun's rhetoric highlights the importance of talents to the rise and fall of the country, and emphasizes that the ruler's mind and attitude towards talents is the key to getting real talents. If he wants to make a difference, he must respect talents.

Artistic features:

Guo Kun used a series of parallel sentences in his speech, which showed the language characteristics of counselors and military strategists in the Warring States Policy. When Zhao Haoqi asked him for advice, he first listed four kinds of monarchs' different attitudes towards wise men in a parallel way, and then listed the different attitudes that would lead to different characters. There are exaggerations and descriptions in the arrangement, which are both vivid and convincing.

The fable story of "buying a dead horse bone with 500 gold" in Guo Kun's speech is novel in conception and profound in meaning, which embodies the characteristics of counselors and strategists who make good use of clever, vivid and interesting fables to convince people in the Warring States Policy. The function of this story is metaphor. Buying a dead horse bone can get a swift horse, which is a metaphor for Guo Zhaoxian's talent, and it has received a convincing effect that is directly difficult to achieve.