How should the house owner transform the house structure when decorating?

That depends on whether the owner has demolished the main wall, that is, the load-bearing wall.

If so, then the property owner should stop the destruction and restore the original state, because the main wall affects the main structure and stability of the house.

First, the legal provisions of the demolition of load-bearing walls

It is not uncommon for owners to dismantle load-bearing walls without authorization when decorating houses. Removing the load-bearing wall may affect the safety of the house, which is not allowed.

If the load-bearing wall is dismantled without authorization in the decoration, the property management department and the demolition person shall bear civil liability. If the demolition causes losses to others, the demolition person shall bear the tort liability and compensate for the losses. Because the demolition violates the legal provisions of the adjacent relationship; Property management companies should bear the responsibility of poor management.

At present, no matter the management convention or the entrusted management contract, there are relevant regulations that the waterproof layer should not be removed or destroyed. The property management company collects the deposit when the owner decorates, and checks whether there are any irregularities such as structural damage and waterproof structure when the decoration is completed. If the property management company turns a blind eye to this behavior, it is tantamount to conniving at this behavior and infringing on the neighboring owners, who have the right to defend their rights and demand compensation and recovery.

In addition, when the owner buys a house, the developer also gives the instruction manual of the building accordingly, and the instruction manual also has clear words and pictures to explain the use of the house and the load-bearing wall. Owners should strictly abide by the decoration and use, do not cross the border, otherwise it will lead to consequences, not only to compensate for the losses, but also to restore the original state, but also to destroy the neighborhood relationship, resulting in tension in the neighborhood and unable to live in harmony with the neighborhood.

Second, what is a load-bearing wall?

Load-bearing wall refers to the wall that supports the weight of the upper floor. It is a black wall on the engineering drawing, and it will destroy the whole building structure if it is knocked out. Non-load-bearing wall refers to a wall that does not support the weight of the upper floor, but only separates one room from another. There is a hollow wall on the engineering drawing. Whether this wall has much influence on the building structure.

Simply put, the floor is supported on structural members such as load-bearing walls and beams. In our home, the weight of the floor, the weight of the furniture and so on. , should pass through the floor to the bearing wall and structural beam, and then pass through the bearing wall and beam to the lower bearing wall or structural column, and then to the foundation. Forming the structural skeleton of the whole house, just like the skeleton of the human body, is an important part of determining the safety of the whole house.

Third, whether the wall is a load-bearing wall depends on whether the wall itself is load-bearing.

The thick solid line in the construction drawing and the wall under the non-bearing beam in the ring beam structure are the bearing walls. If there is no prefabricated ring beam on the wall, it must be a load-bearing wall. Non-bearing walls are generally marked with thin solid lines or dotted lines on drawings, and the material is light and simple. Non-load-bearing walls are generally thin and only serve as partition walls.

Generally speaking, the walls of brick-concrete buildings are load-bearing walls; The walls in a general frame structure house are not load-bearing walls. Of course, specific to the building structure itself, to judge whether the wall is a load-bearing wall, it is necessary to carefully study the original building drawings and determine it after the actual site investigation.

4. Can the load-bearing wall be perforated?

Load-bearing wall refers to the wall that supports the weight of the upper floor in masonry structure. It's a black wall on the engineering drawing, which will destroy the whole building structure if it is knocked off. Non-load-bearing wall means that the partition wall does not support the weight of the upper floor, but only separates one room from another. There is a hollow wall on the engineering drawing. Whether this wall has much influence on the building structure. The load-bearing wall is scientifically calculated. If the bearing wall is decorated with holes, it will affect the stability of the building structure and change the system of the building structure. Is a very dangerous thing, non-professional designers had better not change the load-bearing wall.

Aside from the legal constraints, from a purely technical point of view, of course, you can open the door, which is nothing more than doing the follow-up reinforcement work. Usually, the reinforcement method is bonded steel or carbon fiber, but this reinforcement scheme and demolition work must be completed by qualified units, and if the property permits, channel steel must be embedded, and the door should not be too wide, but it is recommended not to knock on the load-bearing wall, because neighbors have the right to sue you and ask you to restore it.

5. Can the wall be changed at will?

The renovation of the wall in the decoration cannot damage the load-bearing wall.

First of all, because the damage to the load-bearing wall is the damage to the seismic capacity of the building where it is located, according to Article 26 of the Regulations of the Ministry of Construction on the Management of Seismic Fortification of Building Construction Projects:

Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Ordinance, alters or destroys the seismic components, isolation devices, damping components or seismic response observation systems of buildings without authorization shall be ordered by the competent construction department of the local people's government at or above the county level to make corrections within a time limit, and be fined 1000 yuan for individuals and 1000 yuan to 30,000 yuan for units. "Not only to restore, but also a fine.

In addition, there will be residential property management regulations in various places, and there will be provisions on load-bearing walls. For example, Article 41 of Shanghai's Regulations on Residential Property Management stipulates: "If the load-bearing structure of a house is damaged in violation of the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 26 of these regulations, the district (county) real estate management department shall order it to immediately correct it and restore it to its original state, and may impose a fine of not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, a fine of more than 100,000 yuan and less than 200,000 yuan may be imposed. " According to this regulation, the damage of the load-bearing wall should not only be restored, but also be fined up to 200 thousand. Therefore, the load-bearing wall is absolutely untouchable.

Six, the difference between load-bearing wall and non-load-bearing wall

Wall can be divided into horizontal wall bearing, vertical wall bearing, vertical and horizontal mixed wall bearing and local frame bearing. Transverse walls are mostly used in small space buildings. When the longitudinal wall bears load, the upper load is borne by the longitudinal wall, that is, the floor and roof panel are supported on the longitudinal wall, and the transverse wall is a non-load-bearing partition wall at this time. Vertical and horizontal walls are suitable for buildings that need flexible layout, such as exhibition halls. Frame load-bearing wall part refers to the structural form in which the room area is large, the outer wall and the inner column are combined to form a semi-frame load-bearing wall, or the bottom layer is a frame load-bearing wall, the upper layer is a load-bearing wall, and some load-bearing walls are replaced by beams and columns, such as a multi-storey house with a shopping mall on the bottom layer.

The thick solid line in the construction drawing and the wall under the non-bearing beam in the ring beam structure are the bearing walls.

Seven, the following is a summary of the following simple differences between load-bearing walls and non-load-bearing walls:

1, from the perspective of building structure:

Generally speaking, the walls of brick-concrete buildings are load-bearing walls; The walls in a general frame structure house are not load-bearing walls.

2. From the perspective of housing grade: ordinary middle and low-grade houses and villas are brick-concrete structures. High-end products are mostly frame structures.

3. Distinguish from the material of wall brick: the wall of general standard brick is a load-bearing wall, and the wall of aerated brick is a non-load-bearing wall.

4. According to the wall thickness, 150mm thick partition wall is a non-bearing wall, such as bathroom and kitchen.

5. According to the joint between the beam and the wall, the method of obliquely arranging bricks must be a non-bearing wall. The load-bearing wall can be closely combined between the wall and the beam;

6. Judging from the sound: knocking on the wall has a crisp big echo, which is a light wall, while the load-bearing wall should not have much sound.

7. Nine times out of ten, indoor corners or walls with columns protruding are frame structures.

Eight, load-bearing wall removal and reinforcement methods

Let me briefly talk about the demolition and reinforcement methods of the load-bearing wall, but the impact of the load-bearing wall on the whole building is still there. Non-professionals should not dismantle and reinforce it themselves.

Demolition and reinforcement technology:

Support unloading-wall foundation reinforcement-angle steel welded column-preset angle steel joist (lattice beam)-pouring high-strength non-shrinkage grouting material-settlement observation-removing load-bearing wall.

The first floor roof adopts 18# I-beam and jack, which effectively supports and removes the live load on the original building.

The concrete sleeve technology is used to widen the original brick-concrete strip foundation, and the specific widening size is determined after detailed calculation.

After calculation, the section size of the column is determined, and the angle steel should extend to the platform at the bottom of the foundation, and the welding of the angle steel hoop with the new steel mesh should be strengthened.

Release the original wall, determine the size and position, embed angle steel along the brick groove of the wall, drive the steel wedge every 20 cm, and clamp the hole with bolts.

CGM grouting material is poured into the formwork of the device, so that angle steel and masonry can be effectively combined into a whole.

When the strength of CGM grouting material reaches the strength, dismantle the formwork, dismantle the steel wedge, dismantle a layer of bricks, and make settlement observation points every1000 mm. After 72 hours, the wall under the beam can only be demolished without settlement change of the new beam.