Answer to Liu Liuzhou's book Han Yu

1. Translation: 2 1 day, Zong Yuan wrote:

Thank you for your letter saying that you want to recognize me as a teacher. I don't have a deep moral cultivation and a shallow knowledge. Looking at yourself from all sides, I don't see anything worth learning. Although I often like to make some comments and write some articles, I don't think it's all right. I didn't expect you to come to Yongzhou from Beijing, and you were lucky enough to be admitted to the law. I have nothing to recommend myself; Even if it is desirable, I dare not be someone else's teacher. I dare not be a teacher for ordinary people, much less for you.

Mencius said, "The trouble with people is that they like being other people's teachers." Since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, people have even less respect for teachers. In today's era, I have never heard of teachers; If there is, people will laugh at him and regard him as a madman. Only when Han Yu bravely ignored the custom, braved people's ridicule and insults, recruited younger students and wrote Shi Shuo, did he become a dignified and indomitable teacher.

The whole world was really surprised. They gathered together to curse, winked at him, catered to each other, and fabricated rumors to attack him in a big way. Han Yu gained a reputation as a madman. He lives in Chang 'an. He didn't have time to cook, but he was released and rushed to the east. This has happened several times.

Qu Yuan's poem says: "Dogs in towns bark in groups and bark at things that they find strange." I have heard that it often rains in the south of Yongshu, and the sun seldom shines. When the sun comes out, it will cause dogs to bark. I think this is an exaggeration. Came to the south six or seven years ago.

In the winter of Yuanhe two years, fortunately, there was heavy snow, which crossed the five ridges and covered several States in South Vietnam. Dogs in these States barked and bit in horror and ran wildly for several days until there was no snow. Only then did I believe what I had heard before. Now that Han Yu has regarded himself as the sun in Shu, and you want me to be the snow in Yue, shouldn't I be insulted for it? Not only will I be insulted, but people will also insult you for it.

But are snow and the sun guilty? It's just that the dog was surprised and barked. Imagine how many people in the world can see strange things instead of barking like dogs, so who dares to show their uniqueness in front of everyone to provoke people's noise and anger?

Since I was demoted, I have become more weak-willed and seldom think about it. After living in the south for nine years, coupled with beriberi and wind paralysis, I gradually don't like noise. How can those noisy people irritate my ears and disturb my mood from morning till night? That will definitely make me sick, upset and unable to live. Usually I accidentally suffered a lot of gossip, but I haven't been accused of being someone else's teacher.

I also heard that in ancient times, people paid attention to the coronation ceremony to ask everyone to behave like an adult. This is also the reason why saints attach great importance to it. For hundreds of years, people no longer hold this coronation ceremony. Recently, a man named Sun made up his mind to hold a coronation ceremony alone. After the coronation ceremony, the next day I went to the court, came to the outer court, put the water board in my belt and said to the ministers, "I have already done the coronation ceremony."

Everyone who heard this was puzzled. On the other hand, Jing Zhao Yin and Zheng Shu are full of anger. He put down his hand and dragged the water board. He stepped back and said, "What does this have to do with me?" Everyone in the court burst out laughing. People all over the world don't blame Jing and Zheng Shuze for this, but laugh at Sun. Why? Just because Sun did something that no one else did. People who call teachers now are very much like this.

Your character is simple and profound, and your articles are ambitious and have the demeanor of the ancients; Even if I dare to be your teacher, how can I help you? If you really want to associate with me and talk about what we have learned because I am older than you, I learned the Tao earlier than you, and I wrote articles earlier than you, then of course I am willing to tell you all my experiences without reservation. You can choose what you like, learn from it and abandon it.

If I have to judge right and wrong to teach you, I am not talented enough to be your teacher. You wanted to read my article before, and I showed it to you. This is not to show off to you, just to see if your attitude reflects whether my article is really good or not. Now I am flattered by your letter and everything you said. You are really not the kind of person who flatters and pretends to flatter, but you like my article very much, so you say so.

At the beginning, I was too young to understand. When I write an article, I regard beautiful words as ingenuity. When I am old, I don't know that the article is used to clarify Tao, so I no longer pay attention to the beauty of form and rhetoric rashly, show off the grandeur of phonology and regard these as my own talents. The articles I present to you all think that it is a shortcut, and I don't know if it is really a shortcut or a long way. You love Tao and praise my article. Maybe it's not far from Tao

Therefore, whenever I write an article, I never dare to write casually, for fear that the article will be slippery but not profound, and I never dare to write idly and skillfully, for fear that the article will be loose and not rigorous; Never write with a confused mind, lest the article be obscure and messy; Never dare to write proudly, lest the article be domineering and arrogant.

Restraint is to hope that the article is implicit, and play is to hope that the article is bright; Ease is the hope of language fluency, and simplification is the hope of language simplicity; Eliminating filth is to hope that the language is elegant and beautiful, and to condense and preserve the style of writing is to hope that the style of writing is solemn and not floating. This is how I use articles to assist the Tao.

Learning and writing should be based on Shangshu, Shijing, Eternity, Sanli, Reasonable Content, Chunqiu, Distinguishing Right from Wrong and Yijing, so that articles can reflect the development and changes of things.

This is how I absorbed the source of Tao. Refer to Gu Liangzhuan to strengthen the momentum of the article, Mencius and Xunzi to make the article coherent, Zhuangzi and Laozi to make the article Wang Yang unrestrained, Guoyu to make the article more interesting, Li Sao to make the article feel subtle, and Historical Records to make the article more interesting. This is the method that I use to study extensively, make them integrate and write articles.

Are all the above right or wrong? Is there a desirable place, or is there no desirable place? I hope you can read it, make a choice and write to me when you have time. If we often talk to each other to expand our writing skills, even if you don't get anything from my help, I will get something from your help. Why do you call this relationship a teacher?

Take the essence of a teacher and get rid of the righteousness of a teacher. Don't cause dogs in Yuedi and Shudi to bark, or be laughed at like Sun's crown ceremony. How lucky. Zongyuan sued again.

Second, the original text: "Answer to Wei Zhongli's" Teacher's Book "Tang Dynasty: Liu Zongyuan

2 1, Bai Zongyuan:

Shame on Shu Yun, I want to be a teacher. Servant's way is not good, and his official career is very shallow. Looking around, there is no one to learn. Although it is often a good speech, it is an article and unnatural. Unexpectedly, my son came to the barbarians from Beijing, but he was lucky to see it. Servants take nothing, false orders take nothing, and dare not be teachers. Dare not be a teacher for everyone, but dare to be my son?

Mencius said that "the trouble of people lies in being a good teacher". From Wei to Jin, people benefited from not being a teacher. I don't know a teacher in this world, but I think I'm crazy. Han Yu, a person, regardless of customs, laughed and scolded, and learned after receiving the phone call. He wrote On Teachers and became a teacher because of his resistance. The world is full of strange fruit and scolds it, pointing to the eyes and pulling it, adding it to the words. More and more crazy name, living in Chang 'an, cooking is not good, running around, so there are many people.

Qu Zifu said, "The dogs in the city bark strangely." The servant went to Wenyong, southern Sichuan, where the rain continued and the days were few, and the dogs barked at sunrise. I think this is an exaggeration. In the first six or seven years, he came to the south, and in the winter of two years, fortunately, he crossed the mountains and was selected by several States in South Vietnam. Dogs in several States are yellow, barking, and crazy people will be tired for a few days until it doesn't snow, and then they will believe what they have heard before.

Today, Han Yu thinks that it is the day of Shu, and his son wants me to snow. Isn't it sick? If you don't see a doctor alone, you will also disgust my son. However, was there ever snow and the sun? Dogs bark! There are a few people who don't scream today, but who dares to blame the masses for making trouble and getting angry?

Since his servant died, he has benefited less and thought less. After living in the south for nine years, beriberi became heavier and less noisy. Can you make my ears and my heart noisy at dusk? Then the stiff servant became annoyed, and the more he could not pass. Living in a flat place, looking out, I have many teeth and tongues, but I don't need to be a teacher.

It is also a saint's intention to suppress the smell of it, which is the gift of the ancients to discipline people. People have stopped doing things for hundreds of years. Everyone close to Sun did it alone. An established ceremony, the court will be built tomorrow. I recommend it to the court outside and say to the nobles, "One son will finish the crown." The people who answered were all salty. Jing and Zheng Shu were shocked, but they still stood there and said, "What do you want me to do?" Everyone in the court laughed. With Andrew's grandson, the world is not fast, so why not go it alone? Life teachers are like this now.

My son has thick lines and deep words, and everything he does has the appearance of the ancients; Although the servant dares to be a teacher, it is also false. My son is the main servant. I heard about the date of writing the book. If I really want to talk about it, then the servant would like to know how much Chen Zhong earned.

My son can take whatever he wants if he chooses. You decide whether to hit my son or not. There are not enough servants. You are afraid of the past, so you dare not decide. My son wanted to read my article before, but Chen knew it, not Yao Ming. He also said how to look at his face, how to like it and how to dislike it. In this book, everyone is older than others. My son is really not a slanderer, but he loves you so much!

At first, I was young and energetic, writing articles and taking resignation as my job. And the dragon, it is know this passage. He is meticulous and meticulous, and he thinks he can also praise his voice. I'm talking about shortcuts, but I don't know if the fruit is near? Is it far? My son is good at pottery, but he can write, which is not far from pottery.

Therefore, every time I write an article, I dare not take it lightly, for fear that it will stay wild; Never dare to be lazy and free, for fear that it will relax; Never dare to faint, afraid of its ignorance; I have never dared to do it proudly, but I am afraid it will be arrogant. Restrain for the Olympics, promote for clarity, neglect for communication, and be cheap for festivals; Think clearly when you are excited, and think heavily when you are solid. That's why I have wings.

This book seeks quality, this poem seeks constancy, this book seeks propriety, this book seeks judgment, and this book seeks action: this is why I take the road.

Participating in books to strengthen their spirit, Meng and Xun to follow their branches, Zhuang and Lao to enrich their ends, Guo Yu to enrich their interests, Li Sao to be quiet and quiet, Tai Shigong to be clear and clear: therefore, I push the traffic classics. If so, is it true or not? Is there anything to take or nothing to take?

My son is lucky to see and choose. He has enough to tell. If you desire to be broad, that is the Tao. If you don't get anything, then I will get it. Why should I learn from the clouds? It is lucky to be laughed at by foreign courts, but it is not worthy of the name with facts. Zongyuan is white again.

Extended data

First, the creative background

When Liu Zongyuan lived in Yongzhou, the ancient prose movement in the middle Tang Dynasty was developing vigorously. He made great contributions to the development of the movement with his outstanding creative practice and rich theoretical achievements, and became one of the actual leaders of the movement. In the eighth year of Yuanhe (8 13), Wei Zhongli wrote a letter to Liu Zongyuan to solicit opinions on literary theory. He wrote this famous essay book.

Second, appreciate

The full text revolves around the central argument of "taking its name and going away", which is divided into two parts: the former's teaching theory and the latter's creation theory. Although the emphasis is different before and after, the internal tendons are consistent from beginning to end.

Baidu Encyclopedia —— Answer to Wei Zhongli's book "Teachers' Morality"