Historical evolution of Neijiang

According to historical records, Neijiang City (including Ziyang area newly built in February 1998) is a place with an early development and a long history. History can be traced back to the late Paleolithic period, and its historical evolution process can be roughly divided into the following seven periods in the Republic of China:

ancient times

Neijiang City is located in the middle reaches of Tuojiang River in the hilly area of central Sichuan Basin, with fertile land and early economic development. According to 195 1 the skull fossils of "Ziyang people" and other cultural relics such as stone tools, pottery pieces and plant specimens, it is confirmed that ancient humans lived and multiplied in the Tuojiang River basin where Neijiang City was located about 35,000 to 40,000 years ago, and gradually formed primitive tribal groups. Therefore, there is a saying that Ziyang and Zizhong were fiefs of capitalist countries in Yao era. China entered the Zhou Dynasty, and Neijiang now belongs to ancient Shu and Pakistanis. The establishment of the suzerain-vassal relationship between Shu and Zhou royal families also promoted the people's exchanges in the Tuojiang River basin during Shu and Zhou dynasties. Changhong, Confucius' teacher, and Chow Tai Fook, Wang Erxi, who was born on the bank of Tuojiang River in the Spring and Autumn Period, are proof of this. During the period of 1975- 1982, several bronze bases, knives, spears, swords and other instruments and copper coins of the Zhou Dynasty were unearthed in Jianyang City, indicating that this place was already the military center of ancient Shu during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

In the sixth year of Qin Dynasty (30 1 BC), Qin put down the rebellion of Shu Hou, and at the same time sent out Ba, and moved to Shu County and Ba County respectively. Now Neijiangcheng has been incorporated into the territory of Qin State, and it has become the communication channel between Ba and Shu counties.

Qin and Han dynasties

In 22 1 BC, Qin Shihuang destroyed six countries and established a centralized and unified feudal autocratic dynasty. Now Neijiangcheng has developed into a part of the Qin Empire in Bashu area. In the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu (the first 202 years), Bashu was pacified and the whole country was unified. After the rule of Jing, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty succeeded to the throne, expanding the territory and increasing the development of the southwest frontier. From the 6th year of Jianyuan in Liang Wudi (135) to the 6th year of Yongjian in Shun Di in the Eastern Han Dynasty (126─ 13 1), Zizhong County with Jiangyan Town in Ziyang as the center and Han 'an County with Longshan foothills in Neijiang City as the center were established in the middle reaches of Tuojiang River, and Neijiang City became the first in history. According to the records of Huayang Guozhi and hundreds of cultural relics unearthed from Han tombs, it is confirmed that the iron and cow leather salt in Tieshan (northwest of Weiyuan) of Neijiang City were transported to Chengdu in batches by Zishui (namely Tuojiang). In the 10th year of Emperor Gaozu (197), the brick of East Pavilion of Weiyang Palace, which was supervised by Xiao He, also settled in Zizhong (now Ziyang). In the first year of Yuankang (before 105), the words "Zizhong City" were also specially printed in Zizhong. "Huayang National Records" also said: "Han 'an County is 500 miles east of the county. Although it is forced by the land, it is suitable to raise silkworms with mountains and rivers and You Mei, and there are hundreds of fish ponds in salt wells. Every family has a road and a county is rich. "Shun Di Yongjian five years (AD 130) built the Hanan plank road, which further communicated the economic ties between Hanan and Yizhou Chengdu. Historical data show that the planting, animal husbandry, fishery, sericulture, smelting, pottery making, well salt, building materials, construction and other handicrafts in Neijiang City have all developed to a higher level. The fertile soil in the Tuojiang River basin gave birth to Tuojiang people. At that time, the poet Wang Bao, the famous minister Dong Jun and the water conservancy expert Wang Yanshi all grew up here. This relatively stable situation remained until the fifth year of Jinghui (263), when Si Mazhao sent troops to destroy Shu.

Gold and the Southern and Northern Dynasties

In the first year of Qin Dynasty (266), Sima Yan proclaimed himself emperor, and Neijiangcheng entered the territory of the Western Jin Dynasty. Since the first year of Yongping (19 1), the "eight-party rebellion" in the north competed with Kansai people for Jin, forcing a large number of Guanzhong scholars and Kansai refugees to go to Shu to make a living and beg, which led to the great migration of local residents in Niugebei, Zizhong and Han 'an. In the second year of Taian (303), Pakistan sealed Shu. The following year (304), his son Li Cheng proclaimed himself emperor, and the Southern Liao people took the opportunity to invade the north. The whole territory of Han 'an County was occupied by Yi Liao, and the county people left their homes and lived in different places with county officials. At the same time, Zizhong county, which is poor in county governance, also exists in name only because of frequent wars; The extremely turbulent Niuge North County was placed under Shu County, and now Neijiang City has been in a 200-year disaster.

In the second year of the Western Wei Dynasty (553), Shu was razed, and the control power of the central government gradually moved southward. At the same time, local governments were rebuilt to win over the people. At that time, Niugebei County (renamed Yang 'an County two years later) was newly established in the southwest corner of the territory, responsible for the appeasement of the south. In 575, Emperor Jiande of the Northern Zhou Dynasty established Zhou Pu and Anyue, Yongkang and Duoye counties in Anyue and Lezhi counties. In the second year of Ming Di Wucheng (560), Zizhou moved south to Ziyang County, where Han Zizhong County was newly established. During the Baoding period of Emperor Wu (56 1-565), Panshi County was established in Chonglong Town, Zizhong County. In the second year of Tianhe (567), Zhongjiang County (renamed Neijiang County in the first year of Sui Huang Kai [58 1]) was located in Han 'an. The middle reaches of the Tuojiang River, which has been abandoned for a long time, have finally resumed reconstruction.

Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties and Song Dynasties

In 58 1 year, Emperor Wendi of the Sui Dynasty replaced the Northern Zhou Dynasty as emperor, and soon died, realizing national reunification and laying the foundation for the economic recovery of Shu. In 6 18, Tang Gaozu established the Tang dynasty; In 637, Emperor Taizong ascended the throne, realizing the rule of Zhenguan. The central region of the Tuojiang River Basin, which suffered from the war, finally formed a stable development situation of Zizhou (moved to Panshi County in the seventh year of Emperor Wendi [587]), Jianzhou (newly established in the early Sui Dynasty, governing Yang 'an County) and Zhou Pu, and entered the second extremely long period of economic prosperity in history. In the middle of the Tang Dynasty, hundreds of cliff stone carvings and temple inscriptions were widely distributed in various districts, cities and counties of Neijiang City, which proved that the economy and culture in the middle of the Tuojiang River Basin reached a new level at that time.

In Shu state around the Five Dynasties, dynasties in the Central Plains changed frequently, but the territory of Shu state was relatively stable. In 965, after Song Taizu established Shu, the economic situation of Neijiangcheng continued to develop and improve compared with that of Tang and Five Dynasties. The cultural relics of the Song Dynasty unearthed in Zizhong, Ziyang, Anyue and other counties and cities confirm that the ceramics and building materials made here in the Song Dynasty are of high level, regardless of variety or technology. Some patches of residential settlements, with exquisite architecture and orderly layout, reflected that people's lives were good at that time. A stable living environment has created a group of talents who help the world. Top scholars Xu Jiang, Zhao Kui, Premier, philosopher Chen Tuan and mathematician Qin Dou are among them. Anyue County enjoys the reputation of "Messi (Mountain) and Dongpu (State)", with 262 scholars in the Song Dynasty.

In the second year of Li Zongduanping in the Southern Song Dynasty (1235), the Mongolian army divided its forces to attack Sichuan, and Zhou Pu was in chaos. In the third year of Chun Hu (1243), Mongolian troops entered Sichuan from the south, and Zizhou and its counties were deserted. Zhou Pu military and civilians built Tiefeng City and handled it according to the dangerous situation. They held on to the treasure for six years (1258), and the city was destroyed by the country. Since then, Neijiang City has experienced the second chaos in history.

Yuan Ming Qing dynasty

In Yuan Dynasty 16 (1279), Yuan Shizu unified China and established a huge meta-empire. After more than 30 years of war at the end of Song Dynasty and the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, the organizational system of Zizhou and Zhou Pu in Neijiang City has not been restored except the organizational system of Jianzhou. Shun Di has been in Zheng Zheng for 22 years (1362). Xu Shouhui will send Ming Yu Zhen into Shu, establish a local separatist regime in summer, and a large number of Huguang residents will follow him into Shu, and Zizhou (including Neijiang County) and Anyue (including Shiyang County) will resume county rule.

In the fourth year of Hongwu in Ming Taizu (137 1), General Tang He and General Liao Yongzhong led Xia Ping, and now Neijiang City entered the Ming territory with Sichuan. Ming Taizu and Cheng Zu took various effective measures to encourage residents from other provinces to settle in Sichuan. After the development of Hongwu, Yongle, Hongxi and Xuande dynasties for nearly 70 years (137 1─ 1435), Neijiang's economy has been fully restored and developed. To Qin Long, Wanli (1567─ 16 19), Neijiang, Zixian (Zizhou moved), Ziyang, Jianzhou (once changed to Jianzhou), Anyue, Lezhi, Weiyuan and Longchang (the first year of Qin Long [/kloc- Neijiang County, with a population of only 34,000 (data of six years of Wanli [1578]), was admitted to the imperial examination of the Ming Dynasty with119,312, and 25 people were appointed as senior officials above the governor level. In Sichuan. In the tenth year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1637), due to the corruption of the ruling group, the nationwide peasant uprising spread to Sichuan. Since then, there have been wars between Ming and rebels, between Ming and Qing, between Qing and rebels, and between Qing and rebels in Wu Sangui. Now Neijiang city is suffering from war, and the land is fertile and uninhabited.

In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1659), Shu was designated, and in the early year of Kangxi (1662), officials from counties in Neijiang City began to take up their posts. Inspired by a series of generous policies such as immigration and people's livelihood welfare advocated by Kang Yong dynasties (1662─ 1735), a large number of residents from Huguang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Shaanxi and other provinces came to settle in the Tuojiang River basin, and the economy began to recover. In the fifth year of Yongzheng (1727), with the establishment of Zizhou Zhili Prefecture (changed to Zizhou County, which governs Ziyang, Neijiang, Renshou and Jingyan counties) and the development of Qianlong, Jiaqing and Daoguang Dynasties (1736─ 1850), The sugar industry in Neijiang and Zizhou, Fujian and Taiwan Province are also called the three major sugar industry bases in China. Neijiang candied fruit, Longchang Xiabu, Lezhi lotus root starch and other local products are famous all over the country. The waterways of Tuojiang River, Qiuxi River and Liuqinghe River compete in Qian Fan, connecting Chengdu and Chongqing, and originating from Chongqing and Wuhan. Land trunk lines such as Dongxiaozhi (south Chengdu-Chongqing line), Xiaochuan East Road (north Chengdu-Chongqing line) and Zizhourong (county town) are busy, and Neijiang, Zizhou, Jianzhou and Longchang have become the main material distribution centers in central and southern Sichuan.

1842, the Opium War was defeated, the powers invaded China repeatedly, and ethnic contradictions and class contradictions rose alternately. The revolutionary activities of the Boxer Rebellion and the First Army of Li Lan in Neijiang City today have greatly aroused the patriotic enthusiasm and revolutionary enthusiasm of the people in this area. The "luoquan Conference" of the famous Lu Bao Comrades' Association was held in August 2008 +09 1. The heroic sacrifice of Union members Yu Peilun, Yang Yuchang and Hu Yutai, the leader of Lu Bao Comrades Army, has written a glorious page for Neijiang people.

Republic of China period

The Xinhai Revolution of 19 1 1 ended the rule of Neijiang in the Qing Dynasty, but soon the northern warlords stole the fruits of the revolution. Now Neijiangcheng has quickly become the struggle center of Yuan Baoguo's war, the war to protect the North and the South, and the separatist forces in Sichuan warlord defense zones, helping to distribute funds and constantly causing war disasters. In Neijiang County alone, due to the constant replacement of occupation troops, in the 23rd year of the Republic of China (1934), the land tax was collected to 1965 in advance, and the people were overwhelmed and the society was extremely turbulent. Where there is oppression, there is resistance. Under the leadership of the Sichuan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, the progressive youth and farmers in Neijiang, Anyue, Longchang, Lezhi and Weiyuan actively participated in the revolutionary struggle, and proletarian revolutionaries such as Chen Yi and Cao Huoqiu and famous martyrs such as Dong Lang, Peng and Liao emerged.

In the 24th year of the Republic of China (1935), the Sichuan government was unified. Now all districts, cities and counties in Neijiang City are divided into the second year (Zizhong, Neijiang, Ziyang, Jianyang, Weiyuan, Rongxian, Renshou and Jingyan), the seventh year (Longchang) and the twelfth year (Anyue and Lezhi). In the 26th year of the Republic of China (1). Today, the people of Neijiang do their best to support the Anti-Japanese War in terms of manpower, material resources and financial resources, and have made great contributions and sacrifices. The people in the sugarcane areas of Neijiang and Zizhong counties have raised the sugar production to the highest level in history, ensuring the sugar supply in front and behind; At the same time, the fuel alcohol manufacturing industry has also achieved new development. In just three years (1942── 1944), Sichuan, Zizhong and Jianyang in Neijiang produced 40,258 1 8 gallons of alcohol, of which Neijiang1county provided the Resources Committee with anti-Japanese wine, reaching 65,438+of the total demand of the Committee. In the anti-Japanese patriotic donation campaign initiated by General Feng Yuxiang, Neijiang, Longchang and Weiyuan counties donated a total of 89.2 million yuan. During the eight years of Anti-Japanese War, 626 soldiers were killed in eight counties1person, among whom General Rao Guohua was an outstanding representative.

After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the Kuomintang government launched a full-scale civil war, which was militaristic and exploitative. Nowadays, Neijiang's economy is in serious recession and inflation, and the people are once again in dire straits. Do more wrong things and you will die. The Kuomintang's perverse actions of "suppressing chaos and building the country" accelerated its failure.

New China period

1February 5, 949 to1February 5, the people of Neijiang and other eight counties successively declared liberation and ushered in a new historical era. 1950, Zizhong Commissioner's Office moved to Neijiang, renamed Neijiang District, and administered Neijiang, Zizhong, Ziyang, Jianyang, Renshou and Weiyuan counties. 195 1 year, Neijiang County and its suburbs set up Neijiang City, a county-level city, with academies, cities and counties living in the same city. In 1968, the special area was changed to area.

1985 Neijiang was abolished as a prefecture-level city, and the original Neijiang was changed into a central area. 1989, Neijiang County was abolished, Dongxing District was merged, and together with Shizhong District, Neijiang City was directly under the county level. At the same time, it also governs seven counties, including Zizhong, Ziyang, Jianyang, Weiyuan, Lezhi, Anyue and Longchang, with a total area of 13340 square kilometers.

1995 Ziyang county was changed to county-level Ziyang, 1996 Jianyang county was changed to county-level jianyang city, all of which were directly under the jurisdiction of Sichuan province and managed by Neijiang city. 1February, 1998, upon the decision of the State Council, the administrative divisions of Neijiang City were adjusted again, and four counties and cities of Ziyang, Jianyang, Lezhi and Anyue were delineated, and Ziyang area was established. Neijiang City governs 3 counties and 2 districts, including Shizhong District, Dongxing District, Zizhong County, Weiyuan County and Longchang County.