Stay away from drugs and care for life.

1, opium is also called opium, commonly known as Great Smoke, which is made by drying and concentrating the emulsion from poppy fruit. It is black or brown due to different origins and tastes bitter. Raw opium can be made into refined opium after cooking and fermentation, which has a strong sweetness when smoked. Smokers will feel dizzy, nauseous or headache when taking it for the first time, and will become addicted after taking it for many times.

2. Morphine is an alkaloid separated from opium, and its content in opium is about 65,438+00%. It is colorless or white crystalline powder with analgesic, hypnotic, antitussive and antidiarrheal effects. Smoking will produce euphoria, which is more addictive than opium. Long-term use will cause mental disorder, delirium and fantasy, while excessive use will lead to respiratory failure and death. Historically, it was used as a psychotropic drug to quit opium, but it was eventually classified as a drug because of its excessive side effects.

3. The chemical name of Herion "diacetylmorphine", commonly known as white powder, is made by the reaction of morphine and acetic anhydride, and its analgesic effect is 4-8 times that of morphine. It has been widely used in anesthesia and analgesia in medicine, but it is addictive and extremely difficult to give up. Long-term use will destroy people's immune function and cause damage to major organs such as heart, liver and kidney. Injection can also spread diseases such as AIDS. Historically, it was used as a psychotropic drug to quit morphine, but it was eventually classified as a drug because of its excessive side effects. Heroin, known as the king of drugs in the world, is one of the key drugs monitored and banned in China at present.

4. Hemp and millet are divided into toxic hemp and non-toxic hemp. The stems of non-toxic hemp can be made into fibers, and the seeds can be pressed for oil. Poisonous cannabis mainly refers to short and multi-branch Indian cannabis. Cannabis drugs mainly include cannabis, cannabis resin and hemp oil, and tetrahydrocannabinol is the main active ingredient. Cannabis has inhibitory and anesthetic effects on the central nervous system. Smoking will produce euphoria, sometimes hallucinations and delusions. Long-term smoking can lead to mental disorders, mental retardation and damage the human immune system.

5. Pethidine hydrochloride is a synthetic analgesic used in clinic. White crystalline powder, slightly bitter and odorless. Its action and mechanism are similar to morphine, but its sedative and anesthetic effects are less, which is only equivalent to morphine's110-1/8. Long-term use will produce dependence, and it is listed as a strictly controlled narcotic drug.

6. Coca Coca is a tropical shrub growing in the American continent, Southeast Asia and Africa, especially a traditional plant in South America. The plant height of coca bush is 1.5-3m, the growth cycle is 30-40 years, and coca leaves can be picked 3-4 times a year. Coca leaf is an important substance for extracting coca drugs. It was once chewed by ancient Indians to treat some chronic diseases, but its toxic effect was quickly confirmed by science. Cocaine is the most important alkaloid, which can be separated from coca leaves.

7. Cocaine Cocaine is a white crystalline alkaloid extracted from coca leaves. It is a powerful central nervous system stimulant and local anesthetic. It can block nerve conduction, produce local anesthesia, stimulate cerebral cortex and excite central nervous system by strengthening the activity of chemical substances in human body, which is characterized by high mood, activity, talkativeness, sometimes aggression and strong addiction.

In addition, traditional drugs include codeine, narcotine and dihydroetorphine hydrochloride.

Four, the common types of new drugs

1, methamphetamine is called "ice poison" because of its pure white crystal appearance. It has a strong stimulating effect on the human central nervous system and is very toxic. Methamphetamine has a strong mental dependence. After taking it, it will produce strong physical excitement, consume a lot of physical strength and reduce immune function, seriously damage heart and brain tissue and even lead to death. It can also cause mental disorders, showing delusions, aggression and hallucinations, which will lead to violent behavior.

2. Ecstasy is a derivative of methamphetamine, mainly composed of amphetamine-type stimulants such as MDMA, which has both exciting and hallucinogenic effects. After being abused, you can shake your head violently with music for a long time, so it is called ecstasy. The appearance is mostly flat and colorful. After taking it, it will produce strong central nervous system excitement, shake your head and move wildly. Under the effect of hallucination, it often leads to collective fornication, self-mutilation and aggressive behavior, and can also induce schizophrenia and acute heart and brain diseases, with strong mental dependence.

3, K powder is "ketamine", an intravenous general anesthetic, and sometimes it can also be used as a veterinary anesthetic. White crystalline powder, odorless, soluble in water, usually abused in entertainment places. After taking it, it will twist strongly in a fast-paced concert, leading to neurotoxic reaction, schizophrenia symptoms, auditory hallucinations, hallucinations, hallucinations and so on. , will cause serious damage to memory and thinking ability. In addition, it is easy to make people have sexual impulses, so it is also called "rape powder" or "rape powder".

Caffeine is an alkaloid, which is chemically synthesized or extracted from tea and coffee fruits. Taking large doses for a long time will do harm to human body, cause convulsions and arrhythmia, aggravate or induce peptic ulcer, and even lead to mental retardation and limb deformity of the next generation of smokers. At the same time, it is addictive, and withdrawal symptoms will appear after stopping taking drugs.

5. Triazolam, also known as Haileshen, Hanlexin and Pale Blue Tablets, is a potent narcotic drug, which can quickly make people faint after oral administration, so it is commonly known as ecstasy, antiperspirant and ecstasy. It can be taken with alcohol or dissolved in water and various drinks. It takes effect quickly, and its efficacy is 45- 100 times stronger than that of ordinary diazepam.

In addition, new drugs include Anaka, flunitrazepam, ergotoxine (LSD), methaqualone, buprenorphine, diazepam, organic solvents and inhalants.

In addition, drugs with a purity of more than 99% are called "dollars".

Verb (abbreviation of verb) the harm of drugs

1, the harm of drug abuse to society

(1) Harm to families: Once drug addicts appear at home, the family will be gone. When drug addicts destroy themselves, they also destroy their families, leaving them in the predicament of economic bankruptcy, separation of relatives and even family destruction.

(2) Great damage to social productive forces: drug abuse first leads to physical illness and affects production, followed by great loss and waste of social wealth. At the same time, drug activities have also caused environmental deterioration and narrowed the living space of human beings.

(3) Drug activities disrupt social order: the intensification of drug activities induces various illegal and criminal activities, disrupts social order and poses a great threat to social stability. No matter how you take drugs, it will do great harm to your health.

2. Physical and mental harm of drug abuse

(1) Physical dependence is a strong dependence caused by repeated medication.

Drugs act on the human body, making the human body adapt to changes and forming a new equilibrium state under the action of drugs. Once the drug is stopped, the physiological function will be disordered and a series of serious reactions will occur. This is the so-called withdrawal reaction, which makes people feel very painful. In order to avoid withdrawal reaction, drug addicts must take drugs regularly and constantly increase the dose, so that drug addicts can not live without drugs all day.

(2) Mental dependence

After drugs enter the human body, they act on the human nervous system, which makes drug addicts have a strong desire to take drugs and drives them to desperately seek and use drugs. Once mental dependence occurs, even after detoxification treatment, it often takes months or even years to fully restore the original physiological function after the withdrawal reaction in the acute stage is basically controlled. More seriously, dependence on drugs is difficult to eliminate. This is the reason why many drug addicts take drugs again and again, and it is also an urgent problem to be solved in the world medical community.

(3) the mechanism of drug harm to human body

At present, heroin is the most popular and harmful drug in China, and heroin belongs to opium lamp drug. Endogenous opioid peptides and opioid receptors exist in normal brain and some organs. Under normal circumstances, endogenous opioid peptides act on opioid receptors and regulate people's emotions and behaviors. After taking heroin, people inhibit the production of endogenous opioid peptides and gradually form a balanced state under the action of heroin. Once heroin is stopped, they will have symptoms such as anxiety, cold and hot, goose bumps, tears, runny nose, sweating, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. The pain of this withdrawal reaction in turn urges drug addicts to do everything possible to maintain drug use in order to avoid this pain. Methamphetamine and ecstasy are central stimulants in pharmacological action, which destroy people's nerve center.

Sixth, drug-related knowledge

1, how to distinguish opium from heroin by appearance?

Opium is a dark brown paste with a special choking smell, which will make you sneeze recently. Smell it carefully. Its smells include honey, tobacco leaves and limewater.

The packaging of heroin products is gray-white rectangular flat block, which is generally heat-sealed with plastic film. The outside is usually wrapped with yellow opaque tape paper, and there are packages of different specifications such as 250 grams and 350 grams. Heroin in sporadic drug trade is generally packed in square or rectangular white paper, with a package ranging from 0. 1g to 1g. Heroin drugs are generally white or gray blocks, powdery substances, brown wet powdery substances, and some are pale yellow and gray when mixed with other substances. Most heroin drugs taste of acetic acid. ?

If you find this small paper bag with special packaging, you should pay great attention.

2. How to identify the addition of poppy shells in hot pot and food?

First of all, identify from the appearance. The poppy shell is in the shape of a jujube pit, the size of a pigeon egg, with a sharp end and a 9- 12 petal crown at the other end. Its shell is often artificially cut into many knife marks. ?

Second, after eating the pot halogen products with poppy shells for the first time, people generally feel that their hearts are racing, their faces are reddish, their taste is comfortable, and they are not easy to fall asleep after eating. ?

Third, if you feel suspicious after eating hot pot and halogen products, to expose this crime, you need to leave no less than 50ML of hot pot soup (preferably soup with less oil) and send it to the local drug inspection agency or the criminal technology laboratory of the Public Security Bureau for component analysis.

3. Causes of drug addiction

The first is physiological factors. There is a morphine-like peptide in the human brain, which maintains normal physiological activities of the human body. After heroin and exogenous morphine-like peptide substances enter the human body, drug addicts reduce and inhibit their own morphine-like peptide secretion, and finally achieve the purpose of maintaining human physiological activities through exogenous morphine-like peptide substances, and their own morphine-like peptide substances completely stop secreting. Then, once the outside world stops supplying morphine peptides, people's physiological activities will be disordered, and medical "rebound" or "withdrawal symptoms" will appear. At this time, only by supplementing morphine again can these withdrawal symptoms be alleviated, which is called "addiction"

The second is social factors. Including whether the social environment can get drugs, the influence of social unrest on people, the social and cultural background determines who is easily captured by drugs, and the attitude of social laws to drugs. ?

The third is personal psychological factors. The results tend to think that people with different personalities are impulsive, have resistance to social norms, and have a relatively high risk of frustration, that is, they are more susceptible to drug abuse and addiction. Heroin drugs have the pharmacological characteristics of comfort and euphoria. There is a strong euphoria at the beginning of heroin abuse. Practice shows that most addicts will feel sleepy and very uncomfortable after taking drugs for the first time, and they are eager to take drugs for the second time, which leads to addiction. Because people have adapted to drugs, they have physical and psychological dependence. So there are many examples of heroin addiction after three times. Those who think it meaningless to smoke heroin occasionally are very wrong and dangerous. ?

In a word, drug addiction is often the result of interaction between psychological factors and social factors, biological factors and environmental factors.

4. Why should hospitals strictly control the distribution of morphine, dolantin and other strong analgesic drugs?

In the late stage of cancer patients, the spread of cancer cells will bring great pain to patients. However, natural or synthetic drugs, such as morphine and pethidine, can relieve pain at this time. From a humanitarian point of view, in order to alleviate the suffering of these dying patients, medical regulations allow the use of analgesic injections such as morphine or dolantin. Because for these people, the consequences of addiction are no longer a problem to consider. However, due to the distribution of drugs, it is possible for drug addicts to flow into society and cancer patients may be cured. If you use too much, you will become addicted, and then the cancer will disappear. Getting rid of drug addiction is a painful process. Therefore, the national health department has very strict regulations on the prescription right and distribution of these drugs to prevent drugs from flowing into illegal channels.

5. What infectious diseases can drug abuse cause?

Drug abuse not only harms my health, but also causes public health problems such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C and the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, the most serious of which is the infection and spread of AIDS. The reason is that intravenous drug users * * * use unclean syringes, resulting in a very high HIV infection rate, especially drug users, who are high-risk groups for the spread and infection of AIDS. This is because drug addicts themselves can cause HIV infection. In addition, in order to get the money to buy drugs, drug addicts have to become prostitutes and become high-risk groups and important sources of infection of various sexually transmitted diseases and infections.

6. What harm will drug abuse do to the family?

Drug abuse leads to a lot of family tragedies. Once drug addicts appear in the family, it means that poverty and contradictions surround the family, and the final outcome is often that the family is broken and the family is separated. First of all, drug abuse costs a lot of money, and to some extent, it is inevitable to sell one's family property in exchange for drugs, which leads to the family being surrounded. Some lawless people even sell their children and force their wives to engage in prostitution; Secondly, drug abuse will lead to marriage death and family breakdown. Because once a person is addicted to drugs, he will lose his sense of obligation or responsibility, and the husband can't fulfill his responsibilities as a husband, and the wife can't fulfill her responsibilities as a wife, which will eventually lead to divorce. Third, drug abuse harms the next generation. Drug abuse by pregnant women will seriously affect the normal development of the fetus, and some will lead to congenital malformation or drug addiction of newborns.

7. What is the average life expectancy of drug addicts?

According to statistics from relevant foreign departments, the life span of most drug addicts is very short, with an average life span of less than 40 years. ?

8. Why are drug trafficking and drug abuse often associated with criminal offences? ?

Because of the amazing profits of drug smuggling and trafficking, the price of heroin on the black market is much higher than the price of gold with the same weight. A drug addict takes 0.5 grams of drugs every day, so the minimum cost per month is 12000 yuan, which is beyond the average person's reach. In order to maintain the consumption of drugs, the only way out is to sell drugs or get the cost of buying drugs by engaging in theft, robbery and prostitution. Secondly, after taking drugs, the bondage of normal human nature and drug addicts' awe of legal norms have disappeared. They feel energetic, excited, or fooling around together, or insane, fighting and robbing. Moreover, because drug trafficking is organized by gangs, drug addicts can only get drugs continuously by joining their circles. This led to the formation of criminal gangs and underworld. This underworld bound by drugs must be a criminal group. Mafia in America and Italy are involved in drug trafficking. Due to the increase of drug trafficking and drug abuse, this underworld has also expanded, which is the most threatening criminal crime to society.

6. Stay away from drugs and care for the future.

At present, the increasingly serious drug problem has become a global disaster. Drug abuse directly harms people's physical and mental health and poses a great threat to economic development and social progress. According to the statistics of the United Nations, the global drug trade exceeds 500 billion dollars every year, and the spread of drugs has spread to more than 200 countries and regions on five continents. The number of people taking various drugs worldwide has reached more than 200 million, of which 78% are young and middle-aged people aged 65,438+07 ~ 35.

Drugs have become the biggest scourge that plagues social life today. How many people have lost the opportunity to study and the ability to work, betrayed their conscience, abandoned their family and friends, and even lost the meaning of living in the world because of this world's second largest business, second only to arms and higher than oil. What's more, someone sacrificed his young and priceless life because of this little pill! Please think it over. Do you think it is worth it? There are many people who take drugs or deal drugs. They tell us with one tortuous and painful experience after another how harmful drugs are! !

"Drugs", a simple word, can appear very frequently in newspapers, billboards and books ... but what is this? Why can it not only cause unspeakable harm to drug addicts, but also bring great pain and influence to drug addicts' families and even society?

In fact, drugs are not short for "toxic drugs". Refers to non-medical purposes, through repeated and continuous use, can produce dependence (that is, addiction) drugs. In terms of natural properties, the rational use of such substances under strict management conditions has clinical therapeutic value, that is, under normal use, it is not a drug, but a drug. But from the social attribute, if such substances are forced to seek abnormal demand, thus losing the essence of drugs, drugs will become drugs at this time. So drugs are a relative concept. Of course, some substances are addictive and have long been excluded from the scope of drugs and are only regarded as drugs, such as heroin.

Drug abuse-this ugly phenomenon has intruded unscrupulously while China is reforming and opening up, causing countless harms! The harm to human body and mind is mainly that drugs act on human body, which changes its constitution and forms a new equilibrium state under the action of drugs. Once the drug is stopped, the physiological function will be disordered, and withdrawal reaction will occur, which will make people feel extremely painful. Many drug addicts died of various diseases caused by severe physical withdrawal reaction, or committed suicide because they could not bear the pain and had no financial resources to buy drugs or take drugs. Therefore, the pain of this withdrawal reaction in turn urges drug addicts to do everything possible to maintain drug use in order to avoid this pain. There are also many people who can't stand the intense pain and constantly increase the dose, so that drug addicts can't live without drugs all day. After drugs enter the human body, they act on the human nervous system, causing mental dependence and leading to a series of mental disorders such as hallucinations and thinking disorders. It makes drug addicts have a strong desire to take drugs, drives drug addicts to desperately find and use drugs, and even loses their humanity because of drug abuse. Drug abuse not only does harm to people's body and mind, but also brings a lot of pain to society and family. Once drug addicts appear at home, this home is not a home. When drug addicts destroy themselves, they also destroy their families, leaving them in the predicament of economic bankruptcy, separation of relatives and even family destruction! Moreover, it is extremely destructive to social productive forces, disturbs social order and poses a great threat to people. Drug activities cause environmental deterioration and reduce the living space of human beings year by year.

Drugs will only bring destruction to mankind. In old China, we were called "the sick man of East Asia" because of the opium flooding, the people were in dire straits and the country was in danger. Drug abuse is harmful to the country, the people and themselves. Drugs destroy not only the human body, but also the human will. I hope people will actively publicize the dangers of drugs, consciously fight against illegal activities such as drug abuse and drug trafficking, cherish life, stay away from drugs and refuse drugs for life!

"Stay away from drugs and care for the future" is not just a simple slogan for everyone. Whether subjective or objective, some roads will never work; Some mistakes can never be made!

Seven, China narcotic drugs and psychotropic drugs directory.

Notice on Issuing the Catalogue of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (2007 Edition)

State-owned US Food and Drug Administration [2007] No.633

All provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government food and drug administration (drug administration), public security department (bureau) and health department (bureau):

According to Article 3 of the Regulations on the Administration of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, the Catalogue of Narcotic Drugs (2007 Edition) and the Catalogue of Psychotropic Drugs (2007 Edition) are hereby promulgated, and shall come into force as of June 65438+ 10/day, 2008.

People's Republic of China (PRC) US Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Public Security and Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China.

October 11th, 2007

1, Catalogue of Narcotic Drugs (2007 Edition)

1. acetaminophen

2. Acetylhydroxymethylfentanyl

3. Acetyl methylamine alcohol vinegar

4. Alfentanil

5. Allyl pyridine

6. Acetyl trimethoprim

7. Alfa Melodin

8. Alfa Mesado

9. Alfa methyl fentanyl

10. methylthiofentanyl

1 1. Alfalfa * alfadidine

12. aniline

13. Benzathidine

14. benzylmorphine

15. betamethadone diacetate

16.β-hydroxyfentanyl

17.β hydroxy -3- methyl fentanyl -3- methyl fentanyl

18. Betamerodin

19. Betametodol

20. Beta prodine

2 1. Bezimit

Marijuana and cannabis resin.

23. Clonitazine

Coca leaf

25. cocaine

26. Co-oximes of doxorubicin

27. poppy straw concentrate * poppy straw concentrate

28. Desomorphine

29 .. Right-handed Lamade

30. Diaminopropylamine

3 1. Diethylthiazide

32. Diphenoxy

33. dihydroetorphine * dihydroetorphine

34. dihydromorphine

35. Dimmesado

36. Dimethyl heptanol

37. Dimethyl thiobutene

38. Dioxyhexacyclopentyl butyrate

39. Diphenoxylate *

Dipropione. Dipropione.

4 1. hydroxytibanol

42. Germine

43. Ethyl methyl thiobutene

44. Etonidine

45. Etorphine

46. relying on clidine

47. fentanyl *.

48. Furan ethidine

49.heroin

50. hydrocodone * hydrocodone

5 1. hydromorphol

52. Hydromorphone hydrophone

53. Hydroxypethidine

54. Isoketones

55. Ketemidone

56. L-methylephethane

57. Levolamide

58. Zuo Fen Caffeine Levoyl Morphine

59. Hydroxymethyl levomannan

60. Epibiotics

6 1. methadone

62. Intermediate of methadone, intermediate of methadone.

63. Methylmorphine

64. Methyldihydromorphine

65.3- methyl fentanyl

66.3- methylthiofentanyl

67. Metopang

68. Moramide intermediate

69. Morphine reading

Morphine *

7 1. Morphine methyl bromide and other pentavalent nitrogen morphine derivatives Morphine methyl bromide and other pentavalent nitrogen derivatives Morphine derivatives

72. Morphine -N- oxide

73. 1- methyl -4- phenyl -4- piperidine propionic acid MPPP

74. Myrtle

75. Nicomorphine

76. Normedroxyprogesterone acetate

77. norlevorphanol norlevorphanol

78. Normethadone

79. Normorphine

80. Norpetone

8 1. opium * opium

82. Oxycodone * Oxycodone

83. Oxymorphone

84. Paraflufentanyl.

85. 1- phenylethyl -4- phenyl -4- piperidine acetate PEPAP

86. Pethidine * Pethidine

87. pethidine intermediate a

88. pethidine intermediate b

89. pethidine intermediate

90. Fenaldo suppository

9 1. benazepamide

92. Finazolazine

93. Non-norphine

94. Benzopyridine.

95. Piminodine

96. Pyrotrichum

97. Poppy shell * poppy shell

98. Propheptylazine

99. Properidine

100. racemic monam methyl ether

10 1. racemic amide

102. Raceme

103 Remifentanil

Sufentanil * sufentanil

105. hydrocodone tibacon

106. thebaine *

107. Thifentanyl

108. tillidine

109. trimethoprim

1 10. Acetyl dihydrocodeine acetate

1 1 1. buguizine * buguizine

1 12. codeine

1 13. Compound camphor tincture

1 14. D-propoxyphene *

1 15. dihydrocodeine * dihydrocodeine

1 16. ethyl morphine * ethyl morphine

1 17. Nicodyne

1 18. dihydrocodeine

1 19. norcodeine

120. pholcodine *

12 1.Propiram

122. Koga Membranes * Compound Platinum Tablets.

123. morphine atropine injection *