Who does Genghis Khan refer to?

Genghis Khan: A Generation of Tianjiao

Genghis Khan (1162-1227), Yuan Taizu, was named Temujin. Ancient Mongolian leader, strategist and politician.

Young Temujin grew up in hardships.

1 162 (the second year of Jin Shizong's Dading and the thirty-second year of Gao Zongshao in the Southern Song Dynasty), a boy was born in the account of the Mongolian Begging Yan Department, and his father should give it to his eldest son in the name of the prisoner. This is Temujin. Temujin means "fine steel" in Mongolian, indicating that it is time to place high hopes on his son. When Temujin was 9 years old, he should have been poisoned by Tatars. The Taichiwu clan in Mongolia is closely related to the Borzijigitin clan and often nomadic together. Seeing that the death was coming, the Bolzigjit Jin family declined, and the leader of the Taichi Wu family left the Temujin family and moved away. At this time, Temujin was less than 10 years old, and his younger siblings were even younger. They lack livestock and labor. "There is no companion outside the shadow and no whip outside the tail." Life is hard. Fortunately, his mother is very capable and barely makes ends meet. The leader of Taichiwu was worried that Temujin would make a comeback when he grew up, so they raided Temujin's residence. Take Temujin, put on a wooden cangue and show it around. Temujin took advantage of the banquet held by the Taichi people, knocked down the watchman with shackles and fled home with the help of the slave lock and his son. In order to prevent another attack, his family moved to Kent Mountain. After living in Kent Mountain for several years, Temujin's family married Marco Polo Tie to gain the support of Wengjila Department. But soon after the marriage, the begging tribe in Meiere suddenly attacked Temujin's camp. During the war, although Temujin fled to Bourhan Mountain, his half-mother and wife, Kyle Polo, were captured by the Miao begging tribe. Hard life and successive blows not only did not discourage Temujin, but strengthened his determination for revenge. He is determined to accumulate strength and restore the strength of the family. To this end, he took a series of actions.

Genghis Khan founded Mongolia.

Temujin knew that he could not defeat the enemy on his own. Only by taking advantage of the contradictions among Mongolian ministries and gaining the support of some tribal slave owners can he strengthen his strength and defeat the enemy. Temujin's father also knows that Wang Han, the leader of Kelie Department, is an "answer" (sworn brother). In order to win the support of Wang Han, Temujin reluctantly presented his wife's dowry mink to Wang Han, calling him the adoptive father. After Kyle Polo was captured, Temujin went to Wang Han and asked him to send troops. Wang Han readily agreed. Temujin summoned the ministries that belonged to his family in the past and made an appointment with his "Ansha"-Jamukha, the leader of the Zadaka clan in Mongolia. Three-way coalition forces raided Meiere to beg. Meiere's begging department was defeated, and Temujin recaptured Kyle Polo post, which strengthened his own strength. Before long, Jamukha's younger brother was killed by Mongols for robbing Temujin's horse. Jamukha used this as an excuse to rally thirty thousand people belonging to 13 to attack Temujin, and Temujin also divided his thirty thousand soldiers into thirteen wings to face Jamukha. The two sides fought a big battle in Dharambala on the Karen River. This is the famous "Thirteen Wings Battle" in Mongolian history. Temujin ended in failure. Soon, Mi Guzhen, the leader of Tata's department, rebelled against the rulers. Jin generals Wan, Wang Hantuo, Li and Temujin jointly sent troops to attack Tata's department. Tata was defeated and Mi Guzhen was killed. Both Wang Han and Temujin plundered many slaves and possessions. In this battle, Temujin not only avenged his father, but also captured Tata's people and livestock. Since then, his strength has become stronger. Then, he annexed several tribes in succession, and his strength was stronger than before the Battle of the Thirteen Wings.

120 1 year (the first year of Jin Zhangzong Taihe), Temujin joined forces with Wang Han and defeated Jamukha. In the second year, Temujin wiped out the remaining Tatars, and Hongjila and other departments came to submit. In this way, the ministries in the eastern part of the Mongolian Plateau were unified under Temujin's command. Temujin's expanding influence threatened Wang Han to leave his hometown, so Wang Han and Temujin began to deteriorate due to conflicts of interest. 1in the spring of 2002, Wang Han tricked Temujin into failing to attend the wedding banquet, and asked Jamukha to jointly launch a surprise attack on Temujin. Temujin lost, and they retreated to the Banzuni River (meaning swamp) to stop. Later, Temujin retreated to the east of lake bell. This autumn, his military strength was restored. Wang Han, on the other hand, was arrogant and paralyzed, celebrating the victory in his own station, singing and dancing happily all day, unprepared. Temujin secretly sent troops to surround Wang Han's compound and suddenly attacked. After three days and nights of fierce fighting, Wang Han's golden account was occupied, and Kelie's department was completely annihilated. Wang Han fled to Erhun River and was killed by Naiman. After the powerful Kelie Department was destroyed, the only thing on the Mongolian Plateau that still had the strength to compete with Temujin was the Naiman Department in the west. 1in the summer of 2004, the two armies met, and Temujin played forward himself. That night, Naiman's troops fled. The next day, Yang Tahan surrendered without fighting, was captured by the Mongolian army, and was later killed. After Naiman's death, there was no rival to Temujin on the Mongolian plateau, and Temujin's fame shook the Mongolian plateau. Meiere beggars were frightened, and their leader fled to far away places; Wang Gubu took the initiative to join him; Jamukha, who fled everywhere, was tied up by his men and sent to Temujin, who finally executed him. In this way, Temujin completed the great cause of unifying Mongolia.

1206 (in the sixth year of Jin Zhangzong Taihe), Mongolian nobles and heroes held a grand gathering in Huliletai on the bank of Nenjiang River. Everyone unanimously elected Temujin as Mongolian Khan, and he was honored as Genghis Khan. "Genghis Khan" means "powerful" in Mongolian. This year, Temujin was 44 years old. Genghis Khan became the Great Khan of Mongolia, marking a new stage in Mongolian history. In the vast area from Hulunbeier grassland in the east to Altai Mountain in the west, tribes with different languages and cultural levels have gradually formed a hardworking and brave Mongolian nation. After Genghis Khan unified Mongolia, the first Mongolian regime-Mongolia was established. He created a new system in military affairs, administration, law and culture. Genghis Khan spared no effort to build the army. He reorganized the Mongolian army on the basis of the original "thousand-family army", organized all Mongolian herders into ten, hundred, thousand and ten thousand households, and appointed slave owners of all sizes as ten, hundred, thousand and ten thousand households. Genghis Khan also under his personal command, expanded a 65438+100000 guards. This army is very strict in personnel selection, weapons and equipment, and tactical training. Genghis Khan felt that in order to maintain long-term stability, a law must be made. He appointed "Zaluhuchi" (judge) as a baldness, fixed civil and criminal cases, and even some advocated customs and prohibited bad habits in the form of law, all of which were recorded in "Zahesa" (customary law). Mongolians have no written language, and Genghis Khan himself has never learned to read and write all his life. He wrote Mongolian in a language that frightened my son, so that the children of slave owners could learn to use it. Since then, Mongolians have their own characters for the first time. After Genghis Khan unified Mongolia, he implemented the enfeoffment system, which accelerated the feudal journey. Genghis Khan and his relatives, heroes and nobles became feudal lords, and former slaves and freedmen became feudal herders. Genghis Khan unified Mongolian ministries and further feudalized nomadic people through a series of reforms, which played an important role in China and the world stage. This great historical achievement made Genghis Khan a well-deserved national hero in Mongolian history.

Western expedition to Europe and Asia generation tianjiao

Genghis Khan plundered Xixia three times from 1205 to 1209, forcing the other side to make peace, and promised to pay tribute to Mongolia every year. 12 1 1 In March, Genghis Khan personally led the army and attacked the rulers on a large scale under the slogan of revenge for his ancestors. In May, 12 15, both surrendered. 1208 (the eighth year of Jin Zhangzong Taihe), Genghis Khan sent generals Subutai and Zhe Bie to pursue the two enemies respectively. As a result, De Heituo was killed and his son fled to Weiwuer (now eastern Xinjiang). People who were afraid of my son also drove away the beggars and Naiman who escaped, and sent messengers to surrender to Genghis Khan at 12 10.

12 18, Genghis Khan sent someone not to lead 20,000 people to attack the western Liao Dynasty, and Guchuluk fled hastily, otherwise he would not have chased the place near Kashgar in Xinjiang today and killed Guchuluk. Mongolian troops occupied western Liaoning. 129 1 autumn, Genghis Khan led 200,000 troops to attack the flower thorn submodule. Genghis Khan sent his second son Chahatai and his third son Wokuotai to attack Ortera City, and his eldest son Shu Chi attacked the towns in the lower reaches of the Syr Darya River. He led the main force to attack Buhuala (now Bukhara, the former Soviet Union). After Chahetai and Wokuotai captured Ortera (now Kazakh), they killed all the people in the city in retaliation for killing Muslim businessmen, and Shu Chi also massacred everywhere. Genghis Khan soon occupied Boila City. "Boila" means "learning center" in Persian, and it is a famous cultural city in Central Asia. After Genghis Khan entered the city, the Mongolian army looted the city. Then, a big fire burned down the city of Beaufort Thorne. Then Genghis Khan began to attack Samarkand (now Samarkand, the former Soviet Union), the new capital of Hualamozi. Mahamo defended the city with 654.38+ 10,000 troops. Genghis Khan made a battle plan and then went to the city gate to challenge. Under the powerful offensive of Genghis Khan, 30,000 soldiers in Li Kang surrendered first, and then the people in the city also surrendered. Genghis Khan separated Li Kang's soldiers from the residents of Samarkand and made all Li Kang people wear Mongolian clothes. At night, it was ordered to kill all 30,000 soldiers of Li Kang and most residents of Samarkand. Genghis Khan enslaved the remaining 30,000 craftsmen to his son, wife and general, and asked the remaining 50,000 people to return to the city after paying 200,000 gold coins and obey orders. Most of them worked as coolies in the army and died in battle. Genghis Khan pursued Mahathir's son Zalandin and sent his followers to the west to pursue Mahathir. After Mahathir's death, they broke through Byzantium (now Azerbaijan) and Gourgand (now Georgia) in Acir from the Caspian Sea and invaded the Chincha grassland. The Chincha people turned to Grand Duke Voros (Russia) for help, and Grand Duke Voros organized a joint rescue. As a result, they were defeated and the Mongolian army entered the territory of Voros. At 1225, the troops of Zhe Bie and northern Jiangsu returned eastward via Kazakhstan, joined the troops of Genghis Khan and returned to Mongolia.

This is the first time that the Mongolian army went west. 1235 and 1252, the descendants of Genghis Khan launched the second and third expeditions to the west, covering Europe and Asia, and established the "Great Mongolian Empire". 1226, that is, the second year after the end of the first western expedition, the attack on the rulers was once again put on Genghis Khan's agenda. He first targeted Xixia. Genghis Khan divided his forces and attacked in two ways, which matched Zhongguangfu (now Yinchuan City). Li Mujian, the new king of Xixia, sent veterans to command 654.38+ 10,000 troops, so an unprecedented fierce battle of Lingwu broke out. Lingzhou World War I, Xixia elite soldiers were completely annihilated, and the Mongolian army suffered heavy losses. /kloc-at the beginning of 0/227, Genghis Khan occupied the periphery of Xixia capital, making it an isolated city. In summer, Genghis Khan went to Liupan Mountain to avoid the department. At this time, there was an earthquake in Zhongxing Prefecture, and Xixia King had to send envoys to surrender to Genghis Khan. After Xixia surrendered, Genghis Khan moved from Liupanshan to Qingshui County (now Qingshui County, Gansu Province) by Xijiang River for the summer. It was very hot at this time, and Genghis Khan, who was old and weak, contracted typhus. On August 25th this year, Genghis Khan died in Xijiang, Qingshui County, at the age of 66. After the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, he was honored as Yuan Taizu. Genghis Khan not only became the leader of the unified regime on the grassland, but also wrote an important chapter in history with his activities. His life is full of legends, and he can indeed be called a "arrogant generation". Genghis Khan is a national hero of the Mongolian nation and has made great contributions to the formation and development of the Mongolian nation. He broke the situation of local government at that time, unified the tribes in the grassland beyond the Great Wall, changed the backward state of Mongolian tribes, and shocked the world at that time with a despised tribe whose deeds were unknown. Although the Mongol Empire later perished, the Mongolian nation has always maintained its independence and will exist forever.