High-rise residential fire safety management?

With the development of social economy, land resources are increasingly scarce, especially in economically developed areas such as southern Jiangsu, where there are many people and few land, high-rise buildings have become the main choice of urban buildings. However, the ensuing fire safety hazards are also escalating. Since the beginning of this year, two high-rise residential fires have occurred in our district. At 3: 54 a.m. on February 28th, a fire broke out in the living room on the 27th floor of a garden in the new district, covering an area of 30 square meters, which destroyed some furniture in the living room, causing two deaths and direct property losses of about 50,000 yuan. On March 2nd, at 8: 50/KLOC-0, a fire broke out in the corridor on the 8th floor of a building/KLOC-0 in the new district. Firefighters arrived and found six people trapped, including three Koreans (1 woman and two children), in critical condition. After the fire was put out, all the people were saved. The cause of the fire was caused by the residual fire igniting the piled combustible materials. In view of these two fire accidents, the author organized personnel to investigate the fire management of high-rise residential quarters in the whole region, and now the analysis results and work countermeasures are for everyone to discuss.

Fire safety hazards exposed by high-rise residential buildings on the first and second floors.

(A) property management has become the biggest problem.

Mainly manifested in:

First, developers rebuild light management. After the completion of real estate, property management has become a secondary issue for developers, especially some small developers, with the idea of "keeping outsiders out of the water", recruited several people to form a property company, and the nonstandard property management left hidden dangers for the safety of the community. For example, the personnel on duty in the fire center are on duty without a license, and the parking fee for the fire escape in the community has become a dominant problem.

The second is to shut down the fire control facilities privately. In order to save management costs, some properties turn off the power supply of fire elevators and fire water supply valves privately, which has buried serious fire safety hazards. In these two fires, there was no water in the water supply network of two high-rise buildings, which greatly affected the fire fighting.

Third, the quality of employees' fire fighting business is not high. The main reason is that the employees have not received fire safety training, and the certificate-holding rate of the personnel on duty in the fire center is low, which leads to people's panic after the fire and they don't know how to deal with it.

(2) The design and construction of the fire elevator are defective.

Article 6.3.3. 1 1 of the Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings stipulates that the front room of the fire elevator room should be provided with water retaining facilities; Drainage facilities should be set at the bottom of the fire elevator. According to the investigation, because there is no mandatory provision in the code, there are almost no water retaining facilities in the front room of the fire elevator room in high-rise buildings. During the two fires, a large amount of water poured into the elevator shaft. The fire elevator in one building went on strike because of electrical short circuit due to water inflow, and the property in another building was cut off actively, so firefighters had to climb the high-rise building to put out the fire, which brought a lot of inconvenience to the fire fighting and rescue operation.

(c) The setting of the fire pump adapter is unreasonable

First, the number of settings is small. At present, the development area of most high-rise residential quarters is small, and the most unfavorable point of water supply is within the pressure range of fire engines, so the residential quarters basically only set up a fire pump adapter next to the pump room. Second, the location is not easy to find. Due to the pursuit of beautiful environment and complicated road setting in the process of community construction, although the squadron has carried out "six familiarities" or fire drills, it is often impossible to find and use water pump adapters in time due to personnel transfer or ineffective work. The third is poor management. Due to man-made or mismanagement, the pipeline is blocked or the valve is closed, which leads to the squadron's failure to use the pump coupler normally and delays the fire fighting time.

(D) the owners or residents of the community have a weak sense of fire control.

First, they only care about their own interests and are indifferent to the security around them. For example, indoor fire hydrants become their own free faucets, fire exits become spacious parking lots for private cars, and even fire-fighting facilities are closed or scrapped. Second, the ability of self-defense and self-help is low. Some residents lack fire fighting knowledge, and some can't even use fire extinguishers, let alone scientifically put out fires to save themselves. The 2.28 fire mentioned above is an obvious example. If it's just a fire in the living room, killing two people is a small fire and a big disaster. However, 3.2 Korean women and two children trapped in the fire can protect their breathing with wet towels and use flashlights to call for help from firefighters on the balcony, which is a sharp contrast.

(5) Rescuers' technical mastery of using their own fire-fighting facilities in high-rise buildings is not ideal.

In high-rise building fires, it should be the most convenient way to put out the fire by using their own fire-fighting facilities, but at present, squadron officers and soldiers are not good at using these fire-fighting facilities. One is habit. There are few special fires such as high-rise buildings, and it is very convenient for most fire squadron officers and men to put out fires with fire engines and vehicle-mounted equipment, so they have developed the habit of relying on fire engines; Second, it won't work. Many squadron cadres have no practical work experience in building automatic fire fighting facilities, do not master the working principle, and will not be skilled in using them; Third, I dare not use it. At present, the management and maintenance level of fire-fighting facilities is not high, especially in residential areas, where fire-fighting facilities are intact and sometimes not used, for fear of delaying the fire-fighting opportunity; As a result, the squadron leader could not make full use of the indoor fire fighting facilities in the building, and the fire fighting efficiency was reduced.

Second, high-rise residential building fire prevention and management countermeasures

(a) to strengthen the maintenance and maintenance of fire control facilities inside the building, to ensure that they are in good condition and easy to use.

First, attach great importance to the integrity and ease of use of indoor fire hydrant system. In the process of fighting high-rise building fires, indoor fire hydrant system is an important and "only" weapon to achieve rapid and effective fighting. The second is to properly improve the waterproof function of fire elevators. In addition to enhancing the waterproof performance of elevator motor lines and other components, it is also mandatory to set water retaining facilities in the front room of fire elevator machine room in high-rise buildings, so as to facilitate the full function of fire elevators. Third, set up a reasonable fire pump adapter in high-rise residential quarters. It can be stipulated that each high-rise residential building should be equipped with a separate pump adapter and eye-catching signs, especially the signs of layered water supply.

(B) improve the property company's fire safety management capabilities.

First, improve the entry threshold for property companies. It should be clearly stipulated that the property management unit must be equipped with a certain number of fire-fighting professional and technical personnel, and qualified fire-fighting professional training is a prerequisite for issuing the qualification certificate of the property management unit.

The second is to strengthen the supervision and management of property companies. Fire supervision departments should take strengthening the management of property companies as a regular work of fire management in the future, establish an information notification system with construction, housing management and other departments, and incorporate the performance of fire safety duties into the scope of qualification application and rating of property management units.

The third is to unify maintenance technical standards. Drawing lessons from the management mode of key fire safety units, property companies should also regularly report the maintenance status of building fire protection facilities to the fire department. Actively promote the access of residential areas with automatic fire-fighting facilities to urban remote monitoring and alarm systems, and realize 24-hour remote monitoring of automatic fire-fighting facilities.

The fourth is to improve the fire fighting skills of the employees of the property management company. Establish a system of holding certificates. Property companies must start with improving the professional quality of employees, and strive to improve the comprehensive skills of employees and improve the overall level of maintenance and management of fire facilities through centralized training and self-study by fire departments.

(three) to strengthen the legal system, improve the management responsibilities of property companies and owners' committees.

On the one hand, it is necessary to further clarify its legal responsibilities and restrictive measures. Article 18 of the new fire protection law defines the fire safety management responsibility of property companies in residential areas, but the property companies are employed by the owners' committee, and the legal responsibility of the owners' committee is still blank. In addition, the law's disciplinary measures against property companies are weak. Article 67 of the new "Fire Protection Law" makes it clear that if a property company violates the regulations, it shall be ordered to make corrections within a time limit. If no correction is made within the time limit, the directly responsible person in charge and other responsible personnel shall be punished according to law or given a warning. On the other hand, it is necessary to clarify the source of maintenance funds for fire control facilities. In the existing property management laws, the property law stipulates that the collection and use of maintenance funds for buildings and their ancillary facilities are decided by the owners, and whether or not to collect them should be approved by more than two-thirds of all owners. Therefore, through local legislation or the formulation of government regulatory documents, the cost of maintaining and updating fire-fighting facilities and accessing urban remote alarm monitoring system will be included in the projects of overhaul fund and property expenses, so as to solve the biggest problem of funding sources.

Improve the ability of fire squadron to deal with high-rise building fires.

First, strengthen the pre-plan and drill of high-rise building fire protection. Squadron to establish and improve the area of high-rise building disaster accident disposal type plan, strengthen the high-rise building fire fighting and rescue drills. You can clearly set up a drill subject for high-rise civil buildings to use indoor fire fighting systems to extinguish fires and quickly evacuate and search and rescue trapped people. The second is to strengthen the construction of equipment to deal with high-rise building fires. In addition to all kinds of secret service equipment and special protective equipment, the squadron should also be equipped with special equipment for breaking down the security doors of high-rise residential buildings to facilitate fire fighting operations and personnel search and rescue. The third is to strengthen the technical and tactical training of high-rise buildings. Continue to deepen the training of grass-roots duty posts, proceed from actual combat, strengthen the training of combat training cadres and squadron officers and soldiers on the control of automatic fire fighting facilities, reach the proficiency level, and train and train the elite team of high-rise building fire fighting.

The above are collected and sorted by Zhong Da Consulting Company.

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