Which city is a double Olympic city?

The city of double Olympics is Beijing.

Holding history:

Beijing has hosted the 2008 Summer Olympic Games and the 2022 Winter Olympic Games, becoming the first city in history to host both the Summer Olympic Games and the Winter Olympic Games, so it is called the "Double Olympic City". The city of double Olympics is Beijing. Beijing has hosted the 2008 Summer Olympic Games and the 2022 Winter Olympic Games, becoming the first city in history to host both the Summer Olympic Games and the Winter Olympic Games, so it is called the "Double Olympic City".

Preparation process:

After nearly seven years of preparation, all the preparations for the Olympic Games have been completed, and Beijing is ready to welcome guests and friends from all corners of the country. From 2008 to 2022, as the first city in Olympic history to host both the Summer Olympic Games and the Winter Olympic Games, Beijing, the "Double Olympic City", will once again embrace the world and contribute to a simple, safe and wonderful Olympic Games.

Olympic history:

From the first session of 1896 to 20021year, the Summer Olympic Games has gone through 125 years and has been held for 32 times so far. Greece, France, the United States, Britain, Sweden, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, Japan, Finland, Australia, Italy, Mexico, Canada, the Soviet Union, South Korea, Spain, China, Brazil and other countries have successively hosted the Summer Olympic Games.

The history of the Winter Olympics is relatively short. France, Switzerland, the United States, Germany, Norway, Italy, Austria, Japan, Yugoslavia, Canada, Russia, South Korea and other places have held sports meetings, and the 24th Winter Olympics was held in Beijing, China in February 2022. ?

China element:

With the approach of the Beijing Winter Olympics, people on the land of China have begun to feel more and more intense atmosphere of the Winter Olympics: whether it is the increasing elements of the Winter Olympics in the streets or the nervous preparations of the ice and snow athletes, everyone is looking forward to the arrival of the Winter Olympics. To this end, the Beijing News Commentary Department has specially launched a series of comments on the Beijing Winter Olympics, so please pay attention. Located in the northeast corner of Dongdan Road in Beijing, the mascots of Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics and Winter Paralympics are "Ice Shield" and "Edelweiss" respectively. Xinhua News Agency The pace of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics is approaching, and Beijing will become the only "double Olympic city" in the world. For a city and even a country, hosting the Olympic Games, a major international event that attracts worldwide attention, is of great significance and honor, which is unparalleled. Being able to host the Winter Olympics and the Summer Olympics at the same time is unique in the history of the Olympic Games, and it also shows the unique charm of Beijing. The only "Double Olympic City" has also hosted many Summer Olympic Games or Winter Olympic Games in history. For example, London has hosted three Summer Olympics, and Paris and Los Angeles will also host the third Summer Olympics in the future. Similarly, St Moritz, Switzerland, has also hosted two Winter Olympics. However, it is Beijing that can host both the Summer Olympics and the Winter Olympics in one place. In the future, other cities may become the "double champions" of the Olympic Games, but Beijing is the first and only "double Olympic city". In 2008, the Beijing Summer Olympics and Paralympics were a complete success. The Final Report of the Coordination Committee of the 29th Beijing Olympic Games issued by the International Olympic Committee spoke highly of BOCOG. Rogge, then president of the International Olympic Committee, said in his speech that "the success of the Beijing Olympic Games is remarkable" and that "it not only left a great legacy for Beijing and China, but also became a historical monument of the Olympic Movement". This gives us full confidence in hosting this Winter Olympics. As the highest-level comprehensive sports event in the world, the duration of the Olympic Games is not long, but hosting the Olympic Games can bring a series of obvious and potential, short-term and long-term impacts to a city and a country. Moreover, the simultaneous hosting of the Winter Olympics in Beijing and Hebei is also conducive to strengthening the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei through the ties of sports events, so that the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region can achieve closer strategic cooperation. Beijing Winter Olympics will promote cooperation between Beijing and Hebei in transportation, logistics, planning, construction and management, further narrow the gap between the two places and strengthen the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei. The Olympic rings in Beijing Olympic Park and the National Stadium "Bird's Nest". Photo/Xinhua News Agency The Olympic Spirit will continue to be a global sports event with the largest number of participating countries and athletes. Olympic Games is a bridge between different regions, cultures, beliefs and groups. The close cooperation between the host city and the Olympic Organizing Committee provides good service guarantee for delegations from all countries, and also provides an excellent opportunity to enhance the internationalization level of the city. On the basis of the 2008 Summer Olympic Games, the Beijing Winter Olympics will let more people in the world know about Beijing and China, and provide an important platform for enhancing Beijing's international influence and China's national image. Beijing has a history of 3000 years as a city and 800 years as a capital. There are historical and cultural sites such as the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, the Badaling Great Wall and the Ming Tombs, as well as Beijing Siheyuan, Hutong and Peking Opera with regional characteristics. As an ancient capital, Beijing has become a place where nomadic culture in Inner Mongolia Plateau, fishing and hunting culture in Northeast Plain and farming culture in North China Plain meet and merge. This has also created Beijing's unique regional cultural characteristics, which are atmospheric, serious and orthodox, but also casual and lively, combining tradition and modernity, simplicity and fashion. The Olympic Games, which originated in ancient Greece, has a history of nearly 3,000 years. As a major international sports event, the modern Olympic Games has a long history of 100 years. Hosting the Winter Olympics in Beijing will link Beijing's tradition and modernity through the Olympic Games, make the international exchange tradition and China's historical tradition complement each other, and make Beijing, an ancient capital, glow with new vitality. The unique existence of the only "Double Olympic City" in the world makes the combination of "Beijing+Olympics" the most eye-catching global city brand. At the same time, the connection between Beijing and the Olympic Games will be further strengthened, so that Beijing will further highlight the "double Olympic city" on the basis of the Olympic city, and the Olympic spirit will be more orientalized and China-oriented with the blessing of Beijing. At present, Beijing is actively building an international consumption center city, vigorously promoting the expansion and opening up of the national service industry and the construction of "two zones" in the China (Beijing) Pilot Free Trade Zone. The hosting of the Winter Olympics will also be of great help to these work. The schedule of the Olympic Games is not long, but the Olympic spirit will continue, and it will be continued and passed down through the Olympic heritage such as venues, mascots and cultural memories.

Climate and latitude:

Aside from the requirements of hosting the Winter Olympics on a country's economic strength, infrastructure, transportation and other aspects, since it is a Winter Olympics, the host city must have four distinct seasons in terms of climate and environment, and there must be ice and snow in winter; In addition, because more than half of the Winter Olympics events are held on snow and must be held in mountainous areas, and individual events have strict requirements on venues, many cities are only excluded from the harsh conditions of climate and geographical environment. Therefore, it is not difficult to understand that cities such as London, Paris, Los Angeles and Tokyo cannot host a Winter Olympics even if they have the ability to host two Summer Olympics.

However, this does not mean that cities with colder winters have the necessary conditions to host the Winter Olympics. Looking through the venues of previous Summer Olympic Games and Winter Olympic Games, we will find that many cities that have hosted the Summer Olympic Games are not low in latitude, such as Stockholm in Sweden, London in Britain, Munich in Germany, Montreal in Canada, Moscow in Russia and other cities, and their latitudes are basically above Beijing; At the same time, not all the cities that have hosted the Winter Olympics are in high latitudes, and the venues are limited to 12 countries in north-central Europe, Northeast Asia and North America, with the United States hosting the most times, with four times. France, as the birthplace of the modern Olympic Games, has held it three times. Switzerland, Norway, Italy, Austria, Japan and Canada have held it twice each. These cities hosting the Winter Olympics are not all in high latitudes, and the temperature is not famous for its cold.

These cities basically meet the following three conditions: they are all between 30 and 60 degrees north latitude, usually held in February, and the average temperature is basically between-17℃ and 10℃. It can be seen that both Beijing and Zhangjiakou are up to standard.

Compared with the Summer Olympic Games, the winter Olympic Games, especially the snow events held in mountainous areas, are more influenced by meteorological conditions. Wind speed, wind power, air temperature and snow temperature directly affect athletes' technical exertion. Therefore, the snow project has almost harsh comprehensive conditions for the selection of venues.

Whether it is the Summer Olympics or the Winter Olympics, the opening ceremony is a world-renowned event. If the outdoor temperature is too low, it will not only affect the performance of live actors, but also easily hurt athletes and spectators. The IOC has strict requirements on the choice of the host city. There are two core meteorological indicators, one is whether the average temperature in February is lower than 0℃, and the other is whether the snowfall in February is more than 30 cm. If one of the two indicators of the host city is less than 75%, you have no right to apply for the host city of the Winter Olympics. If the possibility of one or two indicators is between 75% and 89%, then the city is a high-risk city and will be at a relative disadvantage in bidding competition. In the past 23 Winter Olympics, when most cities bid, the probability of these two indicators is greater than 90%.

It should be noted that in recent decades, artificial snow has been basically used in the Winter Olympics, and the demand for natural snow has been greatly reduced. If there is personalized demand, it is only because of the background demand of TV broadcast.

Before Beijing bid for the Winter Olympics, as one of the cities with the highest latitude and the most active winter sports in China, Harbin held the third Asian Winter Games as early as 1996. However, in 2002, Harbin's bid to host the 20 10 Winter Olympics failed to enter the second round of voting. According to experts in the field of ice and snow, one of the main reasons is the low temperature. Too low temperature is not conducive to athletes' performance, and it is also easy to cause frostbite.

Geographical environment, snow quantity and snow quality of the competition venue;

The snow project of the Winter Olympics itself has almost harsh requirements for natural and geographical conditions. Among them, alpine skiing, sledding, snowmobiles and other projects require a large spacing between venues. For example, the distance of alpine skiing track is generally about 3000 meters, but the field drop is required to reach 800 ~ 1000 meters, so such events are mostly held in mountainous areas. Ski towns such as Innsbruck, Austria, Turin, Italy, Albertville, France and St Moritz, Switzerland all rely on the topographic advantages of the Alps. Vancouver and Calgary in Canada depend on the coastal mountains and the Rocky Mountains respectively. Sochi, Russia, may not appear on the shortlist if it is not because it is adjacent to the Caucasus mountains.

From the 1 session of 1924 to the 8th session of 1960, the Winter Olympics has only four events, less than 40 events. In recent decades, the number of events in the Winter Olympics has increased dramatically. In 2022, there will be seven major events in the Beijing Winter Olympics, 15 and 109, reaching the highest number of events in previous years. The increase of projects, especially the entry of new projects, inevitably requires the matching of venues. In recent years, many new projects have extremely high requirements for venues, especially snow projects. The venue for individual events of the 2022 Winter Olympics is located at the southern foot of Xiaohaituo Mountain in Yanqing District. Seven snow trails have been built in Yanqing Alpine Ski Competition in Beijing, with a total length of 2 1 km, a drop of about 900 meters and a slope length of more than 3,000 meters. Natural "rock" is the main element of the track, and this feature and the difficulty of the track itself will lay the position of Yanqing Haituo Mountain downhill track in the world.

Also built in Yanqing is the National Snowmobile Sled Center. During the Winter Olympics, it will undertake all the competitions of snowmobiles, steel snowmobiles and sledges. The national snowmobile sled center track has a total length of 1.9 km, a vertical drop of 127 m and a bend of 16.

The snowmobile sled project is the fastest project in the Winter Olympics, with a speed exceeding 130 km/h, strong professionalism and strong appreciation, and is known as "F 1 on the snow". The track has high requirements in the number of corners, track length, speed, difficulty, fun, safety and exhibition. Of course, it also requires a very high geographical environment.

However, cross-country skiing, biathlon and snowboarding require high quantity and quality of snow. For example, cross-country skiing venues require changing the terrain such as forest areas as much as possible, the line width should reach 4 to 5 meters, and the snow surface should be rammed mechanically or manually, with a thickness of at least 10cm. Snow with small snowfall, too soft or too hard does not meet the requirements. With the extensive use of artificial snow in the Winter Olympics, the snowfall in the venues has been basically ignored, but Fu Na must have enough water. Therefore, the construction of small reservoirs around large ski resorts has become a "standard".

It is not easy to find such bad terrain around a city.