An overview of Ninghe Facebook

Ninghe Opera is a comprehensive large-scale ancient opera, which combines many factors such as literature, music, dance, martial arts, acrobatics, stunts and art, and presents a perfect visual image to the audience from the stage. Among them, character modeling includes two important parts: facial makeup and clothing, in which facial makeup belongs to Facebook. There are many court plays in Ninghe Opera, and the changes of character modeling are complicated, so character modeling occupies a very important position.

Facial makeup is unique to China's plays, and belongs to the cosmetic plastic arts of stage performance. From the perspective of drama, the specific expression of beauty and ugliness on the stage is personalized; From the point of view of stage art, it is patterned, with costumes, and it is a complete stage figure modeling art. The facial makeup of Ninghe Opera is relatively old, gradually formed with the gestation and maturity of the opera in the long years, and fixed in the genre by means of spectrum. More different from other operas, the facial makeup of Ninghe Opera has its unique aesthetic charm.

The roles of Ninghe Opera are very detailed. Every line can show the social status, identity and occupation of the characters, as well as their morality, character and temperament. Corner line has typological characteristics, which can distinguish moral evaluation with clear distinction between good and evil, praise and criticism, so that the audience can get a glimpse of its appearance and know its heart.

There are three kinds of Ninghe operas: the first and the last, the second clean, the third life, the fourth Dan, the fifth ugly, the sixth foreign, the seventh small, the eighth queen, the ninth husband, the tenth miscellaneous, the third foreign: the third queen, the third queen, the third queen, and the third queen. Every business can show different personalities, because different businesses have different faces. "Sheng" (the first end (old life), the third life (positive life), the sixth exogenous life (martial life), the seventh niche (niche) and supplementary life), while "Dan" (Sidan (Tsing Yi), Bagong (Hua Dan, Wudan), Jiufu (Lao Dan) and Supplementary Life) is relatively simple. The facial makeup of "clean line" (two clean lines (big face painting) and "ugly line") is more complicated, especially when the "clean line" is recolored and the pattern is very complicated, so it is called "big face painting". Large painted face mainly refers to "clean line", and "ugly line" is called "small painted face" because it has a white spot between nose and eye socket, and the eyes, eyebrows and mouth have slight changes, which is not as complicated as "clean line". "Clean Line" uses exaggerated colors and ever-changing tattoos to change the actor's true colors. Because people set the spectrum, there are as many spectrum samples as there are, and there are different roles of "one person with one spectrum" and "one person with multiple spectra". Jingxing's facial features are "ever-changing", showing different personalities and highlighting signs with various patterns.

Judging from the composition, the spectrum of various characters in Ninghe Opera can be divided into three tiles: chicken feet face, miscellaneous face, monk face, Taoist face, eunuch face, fairy, god, demon, grimace, face change and stunt face.

The "three faces" are first rubbed with three nests of eyebrows, eyes and nose, divided into forehead and left and right cheeks (there are also some tattoos that are changed by three pieces, and Beijing Opera is called Sanwa, but Ninghe Opera does not have this name). Such drawings 10 1, Yao's drawings 102 and Wei Chigong's drawings 103 are all called "three tiles".

The "chicken claw face" is called "chicken claw face" because it is painted with a white background, then the eyes, nose and eyebrow nests are marked with black, and then a variety of tattoos are added to the forehead and cheeks, which looks like "chicken claw face". It is mainly white and has traces of the hook face in Kunshan Opera in Yuan Dynasty. "Chicken claw face" is divided into three age groups: old, middle-aged and young. Middle-aged and elderly people don't wear white background, but their skin is colored. Old people use white hooks, middle-aged people use black hooks, and add white bars. Commonly used for treacherous people, such as Cao Cao's 104, Dong Zhuo's 105, Qin Gui's 106, etc.

"Miscellaneous Noodles" has many colors, complex and meticulous tattoos, but it is dark. It has the remains of Geyang Opera in Yuan Dynasty, and there is a saying that "Three Gangs" (Xue Gang, Li Gang and Yao Gang) have not seen red. Such as 107 by Zhang Fei, 108 by jy in Li Kui and 109 by Zhou Cang.

"Monk's face" and "monk" generally represent Buddhism with heavy eyebrows and big eyes, and represent Buddhism with white beard and black beard and gray nine rings. Such as: Lu map 1 10, Yang Wulang map11. "Taoist face" uses red and white background, and its eyes and eyebrows are not as big as monks, which is more natural. Tai Chi, Eight Diagrams and Seven Stars are added to the forehead to show Taoist identity. Such as: Gongsun Sheng map 1 12, Pang Tong map 1 13, etc.

The eunuch's face is dedicated to those bad eunuchs, whose sharp eyebrows and knife eyes imply their treacherous people. Bare mouth, bare forehead to show castration, self-righteous as a Buddhist disciple. Add fat lines to show pampering, such as Liu 1 14, yilitu 1 15, etc.

The "immortal face" often has a red background to show good luck, such as Erlang God, Taishang Laojun, Buddha and so on.

Demons and grimaces are mostly white and black to show illusion. The "demon face" is white, like a Dapeng bird. The "grimace" is dark, such as Yang's figure 1 16 after "touching the monument".

"Face changing", such as Yang Jian's red face when he went down the mountain, your father's black face when he touched the monument, Cao Cao's black face when he burned Chibi, and so on.

"Stunt face" and "blocking color" are also called "blocking dog blood". If you block your breath in your head, your face will turn red immediately. "Face shaking" is a technique of shaking cheek muscles up and down. These techniques are used to get angry, angry, frightened, etc.

The facial makeup of Ninghe Opera is not only exquisite in appearance, but also tells a story. According to its nature, it can be divided into three parts: 1. The facial expressions of objects, such as Guan Yu Tu 1 17, are originally red. Because of killing a person, the government wanted him for murder. When he met a fairy, he turned red and gave the bat seven moles to show good or bad luck, but the government didn't recognize him. Map of Zheng Ziming 1 18. The second is the image spectrum, such as Wang Tu 1 19. There is a frog on his forehead. Some people say that he is reincarnated as a water beast, and that he grew up near the water and is very good at water. Li Kui's jy map 120 shows that he was born in poverty and made a hero with his hands. On the map of Bao Zheng 12 1, the sun breaks during the day and at night, so the sun and moon patterns appear on the forehead. Third, I know facial makeup, such as Meng Liang soil 122, love drinking, and draw a wine gourd on my forehead. Wang Bo Dangtu 123 was loyal to Shi Biao and the Tang Dynasty, so the word "loyalty" was placed on his forehead. Zhao Kuangyin has a dragon on his forehead. It is said that he descended to the position of dragon. 4. Hereditary facial makeup: for example, Wei Chibaolin's figure 124, Zhang Bao's figure 125, Jiao Yutu's figure 126, Meng Qiang's figure 127, etc. Parents' faces are the same and father and son meet in the same color. Fifth, judge Facebook. For example, Xiang Yu, the overlord, has seven stars on his head, which can be called the king and the emperor. But his eyes drooped, one crying and the other sad, indicating that fate was hateful and the evening was not good. Cao Cao is treacherous, suspicious, indecisive and harmful, so there are many tattoos on his face, which are like chicken feet. Sixth, voice and face. According to the surname, you can decide the face shape. For example, in figure 129, if your surname is Jiao, you will draw a "pepper tree" on your forehead. In Li Yuanba Map 130, you will have a lion's face and a lion's paw on your forehead. In Yang Tu 13 1, you will be born at the door and put a tiger on your forehead to show that you have nothing to do.

The "ugly behavior" in Ninghe Opera is simpler than the "clean behavior". Draw between the bridge of the nose and the eye socket. In the eyes of some unknown people, it is just a sweet and funny character in medicine, all of which are small white pieces with eyes, eyebrows and mouth shapes. The role with "ugly behavior" as the protagonist is also very particular, and there are many ways to take pictures. The map of "Wagangzhai" is 132, and there is a big white block like Longxu longan on it, which shows that he is a local tyrant. The picture of the ship in Ship Custom is 133, which is just and kind, like a butterfly in a small white room. "Marriage of Yang" Yang Tu 134 Helps others and is not afraid of power, so there is a small white piece like a bee on his face. Jiang Gan Tu 135 and Heye Tutu 136 are both literate people, so their little white films are like a book, which Ninghe jokingly called a book. Incomplete picture 137 The mouth is crooked, the nose is crooked, the eyes are crooked, and there is a piece of white Fiona Fang on the smiling face, indicating that people are honest and ugly. The time-shift chart 138 hooks a flea and adds two white wings under its eyebrows, symbolizing its quickness of action. "Ugly" eyes, eyebrows and corners of the mouth are hooked by "shape", and the diversity of "shape" is the beauty with infinite vitality. The reason why we say "Don't laugh when you open your mouth" is because most characters are comedy characters. In Ninghe Opera, there are special requirements for Xiao Bai's sketch of "ugly behavior". You need to wrinkle your nose when drawing a white block, because the figures are drawn in different ways, such as frowning, frowning happily, frowning angrily and frowning sadly. After wrinkling, paste a white block, so that white and skin color can be compared separately, showing various natural patterns and patterns, with a magical natural beauty. The "ugly behavior" of Ninghe Opera is not only a literary performance, but also a performance of "Dai Dan" and "ugly behavior", which is the most abundant and the only business that keeps singing high, kunming, chaos and minor.

Ninghe Opera is divided into "dance", "clean" and "painted face" in order to show that some women with culture and martial arts and ordinary pure women have "painted faces" according to their own characteristics. For example, in Zhong Wuyan's picture 139, mulberry leaves, copper coins and three arrows are hooked on her face, which means that she grew up in a mulberry garden and learned to wear a hundred paces. In Fan Lihua's picture 1438, she is full of weapons, which means that she is proficient in all kinds of martial arts. In Su's picture 14 1, she is a lotus, practicing martial arts with the Tao, not a mortal. Tao Sanchun's pictures 65 also show enchantresses, such as the snake face 143, the mouse 144, and the jar 145. There are also some prostitutes who play with ink and break their faces, all of which have traces of Yuan Zaju. Separate them from good women. The face of "Dan Xing" is not interesting either.

The facial makeup of Ninghe Opera symbolizes the moral with the shape of natural form, including drawing animals and plants, natural phenomena and weapons, as well as the physiological form and appearance characteristics of characters, which can be roughly divided into: forehead diagram, eyebrow diagram, eye socket diagram, nasal cavity diagram, mouth diagram and mouth diagram, which are regular but inconclusive.

Eyebrow shape: cloud eyebrow, mantis eyebrow, silkworm eyebrow, willow eyebrow, pointed eyebrow, knife eyebrow, etc.

Eye types: hook eye, butterfly eye, hanging eye, dark circles, straight eye, presbyopia, triangle eye, round eye, etc.

Nose shape: liger nose, inverted nose, straight nose, round nose, eye nose, pointed nose, flower nose, etc.

Look at color again: color is another important aspect of Facebook. Every nation has its own understanding and preference for color, especially our Chinese nation. The color of opera masks is closely related to our national cultural traditions and living habits. The facial makeup of Ninghe Opera has specific symbolic significance.

The facial makeup of Ninghe Opera still stays in the color used in the zaju period. Black, red and white blended with black oil, honey, black tobacco, cinnabar and gouache. After blending the six colors of black gray, red gray and purple, it can also show various facial makeup that conforms to the basic expressions and characteristics of the characters. It can match the color of the whole face with the comprehensive effect of the pattern, give full play to the expressive force of the six colors, and also have vivid and charming functions and a sense of national color.

Red symbol: honest, honest and bloody men, such as Guan Yu, Xu, Tu 146, Dang and others.

Black symbol: integrity, courage, uninhibited, and justice, such as Yao Gang map 147, Xue Gang map 148, Bao Zheng, Weichi Gong and others.

White symbols: insidious, scheming, doing things quietly, Cao Cao, Qin Gui, Dong Zhuo, Zhao Gao, etc.

Purple symbol: resolute, powerful, calm and resourceful, such as Wei Yan map 15 1, Zhang He map 152, Pang Tong map 153, etc.

Pink symbols: brave old people and veterans, such as Yuan Shaotu 154, Cai Yangtu 155, Yan Yantu 156 and others.

Symbols of black and gray: chivalrous, brave and irritable, such as Niu Hao map 157, Gaowang map 158, etc.

In a word, the facial color of Ninghe Opera can express the characters' personality, characteristics and identity, set off the atmosphere of the drama and reflect the audience's psychology, which plays a great role in making the audience clear at a glance and concentrating on enjoying the performing arts, helping the emotional and spiritual exchanges between the audience actors and deepening their wonderful interests.

Steps of Goumian in Ninghe Opera;

1. Knead: Knead the black inside the "eye socket" and "nose socket" with your fingers;

2. Wipe: wipe the main part once, repeatedly and evenly, and use your fingers;

3. Even: Draw various lines and tattoos on the face with a pen;

4, painting: paint a large area with color;

5. Break: In the large color block of the graffiti, add points, lines and shapes with other colors to break the original color block and tick off the small color pattern. This is called breaking, which is the same as the breaking of "color breaking ink", "ink breaking color" and "color breaking color" in Chinese painting.

Legend of the origin of the mask in Ninghe Opera: a kind of dance music popular in the Tang Dynasty (called "bedding face" or "wearing bedding face") is a man's solo dance that praises the merits and virtues of the warrior Lan Ling. It is said that the warrior Lan Ling is brave and good at fighting, and looks like a woman. Every time I go out, I wear an evil mask. In order to praise his achievements, he created a solo dance and put on this mask (the mask preserved in Ninghe Opera is called Kuixing). Later, it spread to the people, and this kind of mask was also used for sacrificial performances in Nuo dance and witch dance.

There is another saying: According to the legend of old artists, Ninghe Opera belongs to the descendants of Liyuan, and there are many performances in the court. On one occasion, Emperor Tang Ming sang a song and went back to North Korea. During his three days in Daqing, he performed in the pear garden to celebrate. Officials from the Manchu Dynasty naturally took part in the celebration. Ming Chengzu ordered Prime Minister Wei Zhi to lead imperial soldiers to perform their own programs, but no one dared to disobey this order. However, no one dares to perform on the stage. Wei Zhi, the prime minister, wearing a smiling face mask, strolled onto the stage to commend the officers and men who had rendered meritorious service, but no one came to the stage. This is the hug of the Ming emperor to the prince. So he put the prince in the performance suitcase, painted his face red, and went on stage to tell the story of personal expedition. He personally took the lead in Ming Chengzu. All the officers and men wore masks, some painted red, some painted with makeup, and a battle was full of vitality. It is said that since then, there have been performances of masks and faces. Up to now, Ninghe Opera has to wear a smiling face mask to dance with officials before each performance, and then "Yimo" will perform on stage. Strangely, the prop dolls in Ninghe Opera can't be put in the prop box, but should be called Prince Xi Shen and put in the trunk (embroidered robe box). What is even more fascinating is the rule that the old players in Ninghe Opera don't wear makeup at the beginning, and no one can wear makeup. Up to now, Ninghe Opera still retains these mask performances, such as "Zhou Wang Face", "Land Face", "Official Face", "Lei Gong Face" and "Kuixing Face". These signs are very consistent with the scene at that time. According to these legends and signs, Ninghe Opera has a profound historical origin, but no one has ever studied it. This is just an interesting story. If there is such a thing, it does have its research value and is a rich national cultural heritage. At present, it is about to become a fossil. I hope people with lofty ideals can participate in the research of Ninghe Opera, save the cultural heritage of the Chinese nation, collect and sort out information, and don't let it become a permanent fossil.