Discussion on water supply and drainage and fire protection design of high-rise residential buildings?

With the acceleration of urbanization and the improvement of people's living standards, people put forward more detailed requirements for the quality of buildings. For example, in the design of water supply and drainage and fire protection of buildings, more specific requirements are put forward for designers. Designers should not only make the designed project conform to national and local laws, norms and regulations, make the engineering design more reasonable, practical and safe, but also reduce the design cost as much as possible, which requires designers to master the laws, norms and regulations of building water supply and drainage design well, strictly abide by them and use them flexibly. Especially high-rise buildings. The quality of water supply and drainage fire protection design is related to the safety of people's lives and property, and it is also the top priority in the quality audit of high-rise buildings. This paper systematically discusses the water supply and drainage fire protection of high-rise buildings, and hopes to attract more attention from design units and designers in turn, so as to completely eliminate fire hazards.

1 project overview

A residential project has a total area of 5000 square meters and a planned construction area of 63006 square meters. It consists of two high-rise complex buildings, two seven-story commercial and residential buildings and four seven-story residential buildings. The commercial building area is 3006m2, the office area is 5000m2, and the residential area is 35000m2. Two high-rise complex buildings 1 floor underground and 2l floor above ground, with a total construction area of 43006m2. Among them, the basement is civil air defense in wartime, and it is usually the computer room and garage: 1 floor is the shopping mall; 2 ~ 5 floors are open offices; 6 ~ 2L floors are residential; The top of 2 1 layer is the equipment layer.

Centralized water supply and drainage and fire protection design of two residential quarters

The design of this project includes domestic water supply, drainage, rainwater, fire water supply and other systems.

2. 1 domestic water supply system

2. 1. 1 water tank setting and pump room

The residential area consists of two high-rise buildings and six multi-storey buildings. The whole community uses a pool and a water pump room, which is located in the basement of Building 3, saving a lot of land and money compared with the design of setting a pool and a water pump room for each monomer.

2. 1.2 pipe network partition

The municipal water supply pressure near the building is 0.30MPa, and the municipal water supply pipeline is connected with two DN200 water inlet pipes, which are metered by the water meter and then connected to the DN200 ring pipe in the hospital. Two DN200 water pipes lead from the courtyard ring pipe to the fire pool in the basement of Building 3. Connect the DNl00 pipeline to the stainless steel domestic water tank in the basement of Building 3.

Usually, the water supply system is divided into two areas in the design. The first area is underground 1 ~ 4 floors, and the municipal water pressure is used for direct water supply. The second area is floors 5 ~ 2L. The system is relatively simple. The hydrostatic pressure at the water distribution point is greater than 0.35MPa, the floor is 5 ~ 13, and the floor is ***9, so a pressure reducing valve is needed. There are 152 users in the overpressure floor, which increases the energy consumption; the number of pressure reducing valves is 152, which increases the investment cost.

From the perspective of energy saving, the domestic water supply system of the whole community is divided into three areas. The first area is underground 1 ~ 4 floors, which is directly supplied with water by municipal water pressure; The second area is 5 ~ 9 floors, and the third area is 10 ~ 2L floors. There are 4 domestic water pumps in the basement, and the pumps in the second and third areas are one for use and one for standby, and the water supply is pressurized by the variable frequency domestic water pump. There are only five layers with hydrostatic pressure greater than 0.35MPa at water distribution points in each district. A pressure reducing valve will be installed, and the pressure behind the valve is 0.25MPa. Although there is an additional partition, the number of users of the overpressure floor is reduced from 152 to 40, which greatly reduces energy consumption. The number of pressure reducing valves is only 40, which also saves the investment cost.

2. 1.3 plastic-lined steel pipe is used for the pipeline from the pump house to the riser.

The indoor branch pipe adopts random polypropylene PP-R pipe. The pipeline is connected by hot melt, the construction and installation method is simple and reliable, and the possibility of leakage at the interface is extremely small.

2.2 Drainage system

2.2. 1 rainwater and sewage diversion

The drainage system adopts rain and sewage separation system, and domestic sewage and wastewater share a set of pipeline system. Clean wastewater, such as basement leakage, refrigerator condensate, pump house drainage, ramp rainwater, fire fighting drainage, etc. , respectively, by the submersible sewage pump through the sump discharge, pump start-stop is controlled by the liquid level. Sewage is discharged into the courtyard sewage pipe network and discharged into the municipal sewage pipe network after being treated by septic tanks. Minimize the number of septic tanks and inspection wells in design to save pipelines and facilitate installation; Provide more green space for owners.

Pipe setting

All sanitary drainage branch pipes are located in this floor, and special ventilation pipes are set in high-rise comprehensive buildings and residential buildings. The minimum diameter of indoor drainage is set to DN75, so as to avoid disturbing unrelated lower floors during maintenance, ensure users' personal privacy and avoid pipeline leakage. For the problem of pipeline noise, the riser should be located outdoors or far away from the bedroom and living room, and all the main pipelines adopt UP-VC spiral pipes to reduce noise and create a quieter environment for users. The bottom layer is discharged separately.

Rainwater design

Roof rainwater adopts internal drainage system and is discharged to outdoor rainwater pipes. The podium and balcony rainwater are set separately, and the bottom of the balcony rainwater riser is drained. Outdoor rainwater and sewage diversion system is adopted, and rainwater is collected by pipeline and discharged into municipal rainwater pipe network.

2.3 Fire water supply system

2.3. 1 hydrant water supply system

According to the types and uses of each building, the fire water supply system of each building consists of outdoor hydrant water supply system and indoor hydrant water supply system.

According to Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings and Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings, four buildings should be equipped with fire pump rooms. According to Article 7.3.5 of "High Code": * * * There should be a fire-fighting pool and a water pump room, and the volume of the fire-fighting pool is calculated according to a high-rise building with the largest fire-fighting water consumption. That is, the outdoor fire hydrant water consumption is 30l/s, the indoor fire hydrant water consumption is 40l/s, and the fire duration is 3h.

The fire water for the whole community is located in the basement of Building 3, and the fire pump room is equipped with two fire hydrant booster pumps, one for use and one for standby. Only the fire hydrant system and automatic sprinkler system in the whole community share the fire water tank at the top of No.3 building, and the water consumption for storing fire at the initial stage of fire is not less than 18m3. Because the lowest water level of the fire water tank and the hydrostatic pressure of the most unfavorable fire hydrant meet the requirements of O.07MPa, there is no need to set up another fire booster pump. Check fire hydrant shall be set between roof water tanks. Because the agricultural static pressure at the hydrant mouth does not exceed 1.00MPa, the indoor hydrant system does not need to be partitioned: when the outlet pressure of the hydrant mouth is greater than 0.50MPa, the depressurized and stabilized hydrant is adopted. Indoor fire hydrant pipes are arranged in a ring shape, and the distance between fire hydrants is not more than 30m, so that two full water columns can reach any point indoors at the same time. Each hydrant is equipped with a pump start button. The fire hydrant system is equipped with 3 sets of water pump adapters.

The water supply pressure of municipal pipe network is 0.3MPa, and the water consumption of outdoor hydrants is provided by outdoor hydrants arranged on outdoor circular pipes. The distance between outdoor fire hydrants shall not be greater than 120m, and the distance between outdoor fire hydrants and external walls of buildings shall not be less than 5.00m and 40 m.

Automatic sprinkler system

The fire risk level is medium risk level II, and the water spraying intensity is 8L/min? M2. The action area is 160m2. 2#, 3# buildings, shopping malls and underground garages in l# and 4# buildings all adopt wet system. Ceiling sprinklers are used in ground shopping malls, offices and houses, and vertical sprinklers are used in underground garages. All adopt 68℃ closed nozzles. The automatic sprinkler system adopts two groups of hydraulic alarm valves, and the number of nozzles controlled by each group of alarm valves does not exceed 800. The fire water for the whole community is located in basement No.3, with two spray pumps, one for use and one for standby. Each floor is equipped with a water flow indicator, and the top of the spray standpipe is equipped with an automatic exhaust valve. The automatic sprinkler system is equipped with 2 sets of water pump adapters. The outlet pipe diameter of the roof fire water tank is DN80.

3 Conclusion

3. 1 The application of centralized living, drainage and fire fighting systems in the area has reduced the number of pump houses, pools and high-level water tanks, correspondingly reduced other supporting investments such as pumps and pipelines, and saved a lot of money.

3.2 The number of water pump houses and pools is reduced, the land for water pump houses is saved, and the utilization rate of land is improved, which has obvious economic benefits in China where land resources are scarce.

3.3 Centralized management of water supply and drainage and fire fighting of all buildings, improving management efficiency and simplifying property management.

3.4 energy-saving design:

① Make full use of the municipal water supply pressure, and the outdoor water supply system for fire fighting, greening and living on the fourth floor and below adopts municipal direct supply.

② Adopt frequency conversion water supply equipment.

(3) Use water-saving sanitary ware, such as water-saving two-speed flushing water tank and toilet.

Note: Please open the formulas and charts involved in the article in PDF format.

I believe that after the above introduction, everyone has a certain understanding of the water supply and drainage and fire protection design of high-rise residential buildings. Welcome to Zhong Da for more information.

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