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Who invented the telephone?
1872, Siemens delivered the first pointer telegraph in China to the Qing government, trained the first batch of telegraphs in China, initiated the China people to shoot and send cable telegrams independently, ended the history that "telegrams were run by foreigners" and marked the beginning of modern telecommunications in China. 1873, after returning from France, Wang Chengrong, an overseas Chinese, invented the first telegraph in China with Wang Bin in Fuzhou. From 65438 to 0875, Fujian Governor Ding Richang actively advocated the establishment of telegraph education, and attached a telegraph school to Fujian Ship Administration School to train telegraph technicians. This is the first telegraph school in China. During the period of 1877, Ding Richang, the governor of Fujian province, took the opportunity of his visit to Taiwan to propose the establishment of the Taiwan Province Provincial Telegraph Bureau, draw up the telegraph line construction plan, and sent Su Ruzhuo and Chen Pingguo, students of the telegraph school, to take charge. Build the flag first (now Kaohsiung) and then go to Fucheng (now Tainan). Responsible for this project is the military attache Shen Guoguang. It started in August 1877 and was completed in the same year1October1,with a total length of 95 miles. This is the first telegraph line built and managed by China people themselves, which has opened a new chapter in China's telecommunications industry. From 65438 to 0879, Li Hongzhang, governor of Zhili, appointed China Merchants to negotiate with the Danish Dabei Telegraph Company, which opened a telegraph office in China. China paid for it to build telegraph lines from Dagu (Fort) and Beitang (Fort) to Tianjin, and from Tianjin Arsenal to Li Hongzhang's yamen. This is the first military telegraph line built in China. 188 1 year, British electrical technician Pi Xiaopu set up a pair of open-air telephones along the street in Shiliupu, Shanghai, paying 36p for one call. This is China's first telephone call. 1882 On February 2 1, Danish Dabei Telegraph Company opened its first manual telephone exchange in Shanghai. At that time, the users were overseas Chinese from western powers, with more than 20 users, and the annual rent of each telephone was 150 yuan. 188 1 In March, Zhili Governor Li Hongzhang called for the establishment of the "South-North Ocean Telegraph", and with the approval of the Qing government, the Tianjin-Shanghai telegraph line was established, and it was opened to receive and send telegrams on June18865438+February 28. 1883, the General Administration of Telegraph built a telegraph line from Tongzhou (now Tongzhou District of Beijing) to Tianjin with a single railway line, and used the earth as a low-resistance loop to transmit telegraph signals. 1884, the line extends to Beijing. 1884, China merchants signed a telegraph line reconstruction contract with Siemens, Germany, and set up telephone lines from the Governor's Office to Tianjin Customs, Beitang, Dagu and Baoding, becoming the first military long-distance telephone line in China, which can reach the commander-in-chief camp of Tangyuanpu in Beitang and the glory department of Daguluo Xierong along the coast. The first batch of skilled telephone technicians from China stepped onto the historical stage of China. 1887, under the auspices of Liu Mingchuan, then governor of Taiwan Province province, he bought cables and equipment from Siemens, Germany, and laid a 433-mile-long telegraph water line-Fujian Taihai Cable from Fuzhou to Taiwan Province Province, which was completed in 1887. It connects Taiwan Province Province with the mainland and plays an important role in the development of Taiwan Province Province. This is the first submarine cable independently built by China. 1889, Peng Mingbao, who was in charge of Anqing telegraph business in Anhui at that time, designed and manufactured the first telephone in China, named "Microphone", with the longest communication distance of 300 miles. During the period of 1898, telegraph trunk lines such as Shanghai-Guangdong, Chuanhan, Jiangxi-Guangdong, Jingqia and xi 'andihua were successively built, and a national long-distance communication trunk network with telegrams as the main body was initially built. Beijing began to establish its position as a national telegraph business center. Beijing Telegraph Bureau set up 14 editorial departments in most areas of the Qing government, among which 4 branches also received official telegrams and commercial telegrams. At that time, telegraph was the most important means of domestic long-distance communication, and its service targets were mainly military and political departments and businesses. 1900, the first civil local telephone in China came out in Nanjing, which was manually connected by the magnet switch of Ericsson Telephone Company of Sweden, but there were only 16 telephones at that time, which were mainly used for trade. Later, Hankou, Guangzhou, Beijing, Shanghai, Suzhou, Tianjin, Taiyuan, Shenyang and other cities set up their own civil local telephone exchanges from 1900 to 1906, all using Wan Ciwang telephone exchanges. 1902, Yuan Shikai, the minister in charge of electricity and politics, prepared to set up a long-distance telephone line between Tianjin, Beijing and Tanggu, which was completed in 1904 and the General Affairs Office was established, which was the beginning of China's public long-distance telephone network. 1On May 3, 905, Yuan Shikai, the minister in charge of railway supervision, invited funds to build the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. On May 5, 65438, Yuan Shikai appointed Zhan Tianyou and Chen as the Beijing-Zhangjia Railway General Office. At the beginning of railway construction, Yuan, Zhan and Chen determined the construction scheme of dispatching telegraph lines in railway stations, which was the beginning of China railway special communication network. 1In July, 905, Yuan Shikai, Minister of Beiyang, opened a radio training class in Tianjin, hired Glass as a teacher, and established the earliest radio school in China. He also asked Glass to buy the world's most advanced fancy wireless quenching and fire extinguishing motors, which were installed on Nanyuan, Baoding, Tianjin and some warships, and widely used radio to communicate with each other. 1906 On September 20th, in order to unify the administrative jurisdiction of transportation, posts and telecommunications throughout the country, the Qing government set up the Ministry of Post and Communications to manage the affairs of ships, railways, wires and postal services throughout the country, and set up the Electric Power Bureau to be in charge of the State Electric Power Bureau, which was the beginning of the establishment of the administrative organs of transportation, electric power, telecommunications, postal services and railways in China. 1On August 24th, 909, China Merchants was placed under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications of the Qing government. 19 1 1 year, Siemens applied to the Qing government to set up radio communication stations in Beijing and Nanjing to conduct long-distance radio communication experiments. These radio stations were located in Dongbianmen, Beijing and Lion Mountain, Nanjing, respectively, and reported excellent test results, which were later acquired by the Navy Department of the Qing government for military use. In the same year, when the Revolution of 1911 broke out, the cable communication between the north and the south was blocked, and the Southern Revolutionary Party negotiated with the cabinet members of the Qing government. Communication between the two places depends on experimental radio stations. The earliest land-to-land long-distance wireless communication in China was realized. 19 12 years, the national government took over the post and telecommunications department of the Qing government, reorganized it into the Ministry of Communications, and set up four departments: the Electricity Department, the Post Office, the Highways Department and the Navigation Administration Department. This year, Shanghai telegraph office began to copy and receive telegrams with typewriters. Adding induction coil (that is, ordinary coil or load coil) to Beijing-Tianjin long-distance telephone line can improve the call quality. The International Radiotelegraph Association stipulates that the call sign range of China's radio stations is XNA-XSZ.
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