Why didn't Bao Zheng, an upright official in the Northern Song Dynasty, make many friends in his life?

Bao Zheng, a native of Luzhou in Northern Song Dynasty, was born in Xiren, Han nationality. Reluctant to monitor the empire, it is suggested to train and select generals and enrich the border establishment. Feng Qidan also served as the judge of the third division of the transfer department, and was the transshipment ambassador of JD.COM, Shaanxi and Hebei. As the deputy envoy of the third division of the Ministry, he asked the court to allow salt trading. I changed my understanding of the suggestion court, and as a minister, I repeatedly talked about power. He was awarded a bachelor's degree in Longtuge, transferred to Hebei, moved to Yingzhou and Yangzhou, and was later called to the DPRK. He served as Kaifengfu and was the third ambassador in the history of the whole empire. Jia _ six years, as shu secret agreement. After his death, posthumous title was "filial". He is the most famous official throughout the ages, and is the spiritual sustenance of the Li people calling for honest officials and yearning for the world. He is a spiritual force, which embodies fair law enforcement and integrity. He was described by later generations as an omnipotent superman. Today, he is still the most appealing embodiment of fairness and justice among the people, and his influence is spread all over the Chinese world at home and abroad.

In the forty years of the Great Song Dynasty, a famous Bao family was born in Hefei, Anhui Province. The whole family is looking forward to the stars and the moon. This is the famous Bao Qingtian in the history of later generations. Bao Zheng is neither a freak nor a so-called brother and sister-in-law, and has no rough life experience. As a rich and powerful only child, his parents doted on him and his childhood was as happy as a flower. If the children of feudal landlord families want to be famous all over the world, it is nothing more than taking the road of imperial examination. Bao Zheng received a good Confucian education since childhood. As an ambitious young man at that time, his pursuit was obviously fame and fortune. At the age of 29, he was admitted to the first division of Jinshi and served as the judge of Dali and the magistrate of Jianchang County. According to today's statement, he is equal to the "number one" in Yongxiu County, Jiangxi Province.

However, homesick Bao Zheng was reluctant to leave his parents, so he asked the emperor to send him to work with his parents and appointed him as the state tax supervisor, which was equivalent to managing money and food in Hefei, a neighboring state. Going home to report good news, as a result, parents are unwilling to leave Hefei's real estate to adapt to a new life, and they are unwilling to let their precious son become an independent portal. Seeing that Bao Zheng's parents were old and he was the only one, he simply quit his job and stayed at home with his parents. Bao Zheng is willing to be an "otaku" for more than 10 years. He was in mourning for three years after his parents died. Filial piety to the end, he still has no intention of working and doesn't want to leave his parents' spiritual home. He stayed at home for another two years. This year, Fan Zhongyan, a famous minister, became the leader of Kaifeng Prefecture, and his fame ranged from 0755 to 79000. At this time, 34-year-old Bao Zheng was still an "unemployed youth" who did not even enter the rank. At that time, he probably never thought that his destiny would go from Kaifeng to the depths of history.

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Two years later, Bao Zheng decided to leave his hometown and formally set foot on the road of official career under the earnest persuasion and encouragement of his neighbors. His first job was the "number one" in Tianchang County, Anhui Province. Bao Zheng "wasted his youth" at home for more than ten years, which is unimaginable to modern people, but it was commonplace at that time. The Song Dynasty attached great importance to filial piety and raised it to the height of personal morality and social reputation. Anyone who ignores his parents because of corrupt officials will be spurned by the world. According to the etiquette of the Song Dynasty, when parents died, the son mourned for three years. No matter where you are in the official position, you must leave your post to be filial, otherwise you will be "loveless", that is, a rude and disobedient person. Therefore, it is not surprising that Bao Zheng spent his youth at home in order to be filial to his parents, which is in line with the social ethics of Confucianism at that time.

today，

Up to now, almost all Bao Gong's plays are related to his ability to solve strange cases and revenge. In fact, history does not record the story of Bao Zheng solving crimes, and his achievements are not in solving crimes.

Three years later, 42-year-old Bao Zheng was promoted to the "No.1 Scholar" in Dali Temple. Duanzhou specialty Duanyan is the most precious and fashionable elegant instrument for literati in Song Dynasty. The local government pays tribute to the court every year. All officials who are the "top leaders" here have to pay dozens of times more money than the amount stipulated in the "tribute inkstone" to bribe the court dignitaries. The so-called "management" of the relationship between the central authorities has increased the burden on the people. As soon as Bao Zheng, a personality official, took office, he broke the hidden rules that had been running for many years and ordered that only a specified number of Guangdong inkstones could be produced. State and county officials are not allowed to raise prices privately, otherwise the consequences will be at their own risk. And claimed that as the "number one scholar", he should never be from Guangdong Province. This move caused an uproar in the local area. Three years later, Bao Zheng's term of office expired and he was transferred to the Central Committee. Sure enough, he "will not return to China after one year old." The story is based on this blueprint.

Soon, 45-year-old Bao Zheng was appreciated by the emperor for the "Guangdong inkstone incident" and was appointed as the censor. "Big things are bad, small things are right." Although this official position does not have much real power, it can directly participate in state affairs from now on. For the upright and upright Bao Zheng, he has undoubtedly found his own voice platform. In officialdom, Bao Zheng really made a lot of noise, and made a lot of criticisms on the country's internal affairs and diplomacy, such as demanding heavier punishment for bootlegging, opposing the imperial court's tribute to Xixia, advocating the strategy of strengthening the country, and so on. In the meantime, he also represented Dasong in the Khitan, arguing with the second-in-command of the other embassy, and successfully won back Dasong's face.

Among them, he impeached the traffic department of Jingxi Road in Chenzhou City and exposed his crime of distorting the central policy and exploiting the victims. Shi Yukun's "Yang Yue Lou Ji" adapted it into a famous drama "Bao Gong Throwing an inkstone" and rendered it into "Yinfu in Kaifeng", and ordered an imperial envoy to investigate the relief. Chinese uncle harms others and benefits himself, and Bao Gong's investigation was framed. In fact, at that time, Bao Zheng, as a rookie in officialdom, only attended a neglected critical memorial service, and there was no historical data about whether he was approved. It has been 12 years since he took office in Kaifeng.

When Bao Zheng entered the Central Committee, he was just catching up with Fan Zhongyan's "Qingli New Deal". Fan Zhongyan's bureaucratic reform focuses on changing the bureaucratic style of officials, eliminating redundant staff and promoting talents. Naturally, it touched some vested interests. The imperial court was caught in a "party struggle", and the conservatives and reformists fought to the death. It stands to reason that Bao Zheng should stand in the conservative camp, because Wang, a conservative minister, recommended him from the local government to the central government, but he was in no hurry to express his position and did not participate in the debate. At the same time, the old guard didn't take this nobody seriously and didn't expect him to make a difference in cracking down on reformists. However, Bao Zheng suddenly attacked Fan Zhongyan's new policy of personnel system reform and questioned the excessive power of the provincial judges he sent to supervise local officials. The play exploded immediately, and the two factions debated whether the New Deal aggravated official corruption. Conservatives' morale was greatly boosted, and they were pleasantly surprised to join Bao Zheng as a new force.

Soon, the New Deal was abolished after the failure of political reform. As the conservatives breathed a sigh of relief, unexpectedly, Bao Zheng suddenly played, suggesting that the emperor keep Fan Zhongyan's exams, talent selection and other new policies. This can defeat the conservatives. What does this unexpected old chap mean? In fact, this is Bao Zheng's straightforward temperament. He doesn't have sex with others.

From then on, Bao Zheng became more and more perfect and stepped onto the political stage of the Northern Song Dynasty. One of his characteristics is impeaching others all his life. According to statistics, under his impeachment, no less than 30 important ministers were demoted, dismissed and brought to justice. Sometimes, for the sake of one person and one case, they often fight repeatedly in lectures, with fierce firepower, and will never give up until they reach their goals. Moreover, the people he impeached were all powerful people at that time. He impeached the cruel official Wang Kui seven times, resisted the pressure from all sides and finally brought down this minion. He impeached Yan Shiliang, Injong's closest eunuch, for "internal theft"; He impeached Guo Chengyou of the royal family four times, making it almost impossible for Renzong to step down; He impeached Prime Minister Sean Song with noble literary talent, noble morality and impeccable fault. Bao Zheng's impeachment of this important official has made no achievements, just like the concepts of "mediocre official" and "vacancy" mentioned today.

Bao Zheng became more and more fierce, even playing "Zhang Guo" six times, abruptly dismounting Renzong's favorite concubine's uncle Gala Zola. Injong doted on Zhang Guifei, and let her mediocre uncle take a "helicopter" to get promoted four times a year, occupying four important positions, including finance minister and organization minister. This move caused controversy among ministers. Bao Zheng first came out to impeach, and then some admonishers also rushed to attack. Unexpectedly, Zhang Yaozu's position rose instead of falling, which showed that the emperor supported him. Seeing that the situation was wrong, Bao Zheng impeached again within three days, calling "Zhang Guo" a "garbage in prosperous times, a devil in the daytime". Seeing nothing happened, Bao Zheng played again, and Injong was also very depressed, insisting on upgrading "Zhang Guo" to "Xuanhuishi". Radicals demanded a court debate and face-to-face theory with the emperor. At the climax of the debate, Bao Zheng was emotional and stood in front of Injong, gushing with indignation. Their breath splashed on Injong's face, and the emperor was extremely embarrassed and annoyed and left. After returning to the palace, Zhang Guifei inquired about the news, and Injong lost his temper with her: "Bao Zheng spoke insolently, spit it out in front of me, just ask an ambassador! Hyun hye-hee! Don't you know the platform in Bao Zheng? "

In this way, Renzong finally agreed to the suggestion that the Queen Mother's House should not be appointed as the two houses, and criticized the admonisher for being rude in class, fearing that there would be any more excessive behavior, and stipulated that an application must be made first in the future. However, out of self-feeling, Yao Zhang voluntarily resigned from some posts. In fact, the emperor was just a strategy to slow down his army. Only a few months later, he appointed these important positions to the "national abbot". In fact, even if the monarch and his subjects took a step back, Bao Zheng insisted that the emperor could not step down and continue impeachment. After repeated struggles, he finally annoyed Injong and kept Zhang Yaozuo's position. Later, Zhang Guifei died again, and the tug-of-war between the monarch and his subjects caused by Bao Zheng finally subsided.

Bao Zheng's strength made the minister overjoyed, and even Injong himself was a little afraid of three points. At that time, a buzzword "Bao Dan" was popular in officialdom, and honesty was called "No Bao Dan". Corrupt officials are called "bullets".

Bao Zheng played all his life. Has he ever been played? Of course there is. Bao Zheng only drove away two envoys, Zhang and Song Qi. This is a taboo against headwinds. Ouyang Xiu criticized Bao Zheng for "robbing cows in new fields", but he also excused Bao Zheng, saying that he was "less knowledgeable" and just too ignorant of the world. Bao Zheng had to go home to take shelter from the rain, but it didn't take long for Bao to come back, and he continued to perform the task like no one's watching.

Before Bao Zheng took office in Kaifeng, he was disappointed with the officialdom, kept appointments for seven times and went out of Beijing for four years. From 65438 to 0056, Bao Zheng came to Jinling and served as the magistrate of Jiangning for four months, then transferred to Beijing as the magistrate of Kaifeng. 1056, 58-year-old Bao finally became the governor of Kaifeng. It stands to reason that the names of Bao Zheng's descendants should be famous all over the world from Kaifeng. In fact, he only sat in this position for more than a year.

However, with Bao Zheng's character, he won't stop until he does something in Kaifeng. As soon as he took office, he reformed the litigation system and abolished the division of house numbers. At that time, civilians had to go through the division of house numbers to hand in cases, and they were often threatened by small officials. A few months later, Huimin River rose and flooded the south half of the city. According to the survey in Bao Zheng, the reason for frequent exchanges is that dignitaries occupy the land on both sides of the river to build luxury houses, thus blocking water and building "water parks". Bao Zheng immediately ordered all the waterside pavilions in these gardens to be "destroyed" in order to release the water potential. As soon as the "human suffering" is cured, the flood will naturally be lifted. Bao's move can be described as a stone that stirs up a thousand waves and is famous. It is widely rumored in Beijing that "if you don't reach the joints, you will be old."

Of course, in this short period of time, Bao Zheng must have investigated and dealt with some cases, perhaps for the sake of the people's rehabilitation, and took some measures to maintain public order in Beijing, which once won a good reputation. It is an indisputable historical fact that he is fair and strict in handling cases and treats all classes equally. He is unsmiling, too serious, and is evaluated by the people as "Bao's adult smiles better than others", relying on laughter, which is harder than the clear water of the Yellow River!

However, Bao Zheng's main achievement is not Kaifeng, let alone his wise judgment. He is a doer. Less than two years later, 6 1 year-old was appointed as the third minister in charge of national economic work. He showed his talent in economic reform, such as changing the "ration rate" to "harmonious city", that is, the court bought the materials that farmers had to pay at a fair price; Exempt some areas from "discount", that is, cancel the provision that farmers turn grain into cash to pay taxes. Economic work has been fruitful. Two years later, Bao Zheng was promoted to Deputy Minister, equivalent to the Deputy Minister of Defense in charge of military affairs. At this point, Bao Zheng officially entered the ranks of the central consul and was one of the highest military attache. However, 63-year-old Bao Zheng is in his twilight years. Song Renzong's time was relatively peaceful, so this position may be an honorary reward for the emperor's loyalty to Lao Bao. Another year passed, Bao Zheng died, and the people in Kaifeng, the capital, were heartbroken. The emperor personally went to Bao's house to offer condolences and announced that classes would be suspended for one day to show his condolences. Seeing that Bao's family is so frugal, I can't help feeling that he is "frugal at home and his clothes and shoes are as good as new"! Ouyang Xiu once said that Bao Zheng was "famous for his filial piety in the village" all his life. There is a straight section at night, and it is in the court. "This evaluation is accurate. He is simple, honest, outspoken, hateful, and loves the people like a son. At the same time, he is unsmiling, too serious, incompetent and unpopular. However, he became the unparalleled embodiment of loftiness and justice in the history of China, the symbol of honest officials, the sample of loyal ministers, and the "Bao Qingtian" who was put on the altar by officials of past dynasties and regarded as a god by the people of past dynasties.

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Bao's personality is great and a model of integrity. Politically, all his words and deeds focus on the public interest, and his personal morality is flawless. He is invincible inside and outside. But from the common sense, people can't be so perfect. Ouyang Xiushu said on Bao Zheng's acceptance of the appointment of three ambassadors: "The heart is hidden in the heart, and no one sees it; The trace is obvious, and the world looks at it. " He said that a person's heart and stomach are separated, and it is his actions that judge whether a person is trustworthy. However, if you can't get emotional clues, a person's actions will be blurred if they are covered by fog or light.

Ouyang Xiu's criticism originated from Bao Zheng's cooperation with Zhang and Song Qi. Bao Zheng attacked Song Qi because after he knew about Chengdu, he put on a lot of banquets, and Shu people were dissatisfied with his extravagance and waste. Compared with his brother Zhong Song, Song Qi really lived in luxury, but at that time, banquets for civil servants were very common. If this is illegal, the court will be vacant for more than half. What's more, Song Qi presided over every dinner in Shu, lit candles, displayed documents, and got to the point. When people near and far see the lights, they all know that this is Mr. Song's work in Three Heroes and Five Righteousnesses. After his death, thousands of people in Chengdu cried in shrines, and it seems that their reputation is not very bad.

Another person who was attacked by Bao Zheng was Zhang. This man was brave and talented, and his knowledge was unique at that time, but his life did not extend. At that time, there was an auction of real estate in Beijing, and the third ambassador Zhang bought the house. Bao Zheng impeached him, saying that he was "shameless and shouldn't occupy a big position". Zhang is indeed careless, but it seems that it is not enough to commit the theory of "shameless". According to Sima Guang, there are still many articles reporting Zhang's misdeeds. However, such an article

Coincidentally, Zhang was at odds with the Soong brothers at that time, and Bao Zheng was promoted. If I can find a trace of footprints, I don't think Bao Gong's image will be greatly damaged. On the contrary, I still feel kind. Everyone has three relatives and six friends. But no, Bao Zheng's remarks, both before and after, have nothing to do with the affair, and are aboveboard.

Bao's mind is unknown. Should the loss of literature be blamed? Song people are the most talkative and the most popular in description. Unfortunately, in As the Sea,

The strangest thing is that Bao Zheng doesn't laugh. There was a popular saying at that time: "Bao Gong laughs, Huang Heqing laughs." It's harder to laugh than the Yellow River becomes clear. There is no record in the history books that Bao Zheng suffered from facial paralysis, and we have no reason to infer that he is a person with internal paralysis. But no matter why, a person who can't laugh, no matter how admirable, is rarely liked.

Bao Zheng is not afraid of powerful people, selfish and upright. His deeds were adapted into novels and plays by later generations, which made his image as an honest official and the stories of Bao Gong and Bao Qingtian well known. Bao's image is timeless, which is a unique cultural phenomenon in China. It profoundly explains the deep-rooted concept of "imperial power" and the love between Chinese people and "honest officials".

Bao Zheng's story has been adapted into novels, plays and film and television works for countless times. Bao Gong's wisdom in solving crimes and his image as an honest official have been sung through the ages, which has something to do with China people's yearning for a clean society. People love honest and upright officials, and Bao Zheng is the representative of this word. His existence itself represents "purity".