What are the famous gardens in the past dynasties?

China's garden art occupies an extremely important position in the world garden history.

The primitive form of gardens is the entrance of Shang Dynasty, which is not only a hunting in entertainment activities, but also an aesthetic place to appreciate the activities of animals in nature.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Fu Cha, King of Wu, built Wu Tong Garden (now Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province) and Huijing Garden (in Jiaxing).

Liu Che, Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, expanded the old gardens in Qin Dynasty and formed a large-scale garden with gardens, palaces and landscapes. Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, built Zhangjian Palace in the first year of Taichu (BC 104), surrounded by city walls.

Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties had a great influence on China's garden art, and put forward many gardening principles for later generations. The most famous garden is YunLin Yuan in the northeast of Luoyang.

The Sui Dynasty also built palaces, including Ren Xian Palace built by Yang Di and Xiyuan in Luoyang.

During the first century of Zhenguan in the Tang Dynasty, there were more than 1000 palaces in Luoyang, the eastern capital. One of the famous gardens built in the Tang Dynasty is Huaqing Temple, which has been well preserved so far. It is located in Lintong County, Shaanxi Province, at the foot of Mount Li, about 10 km east of xi City. It is blessed with hot springs at the foot of Mount Li, and is famous for the love between Yang Guifei and Huaqingchi. In his later years, Wang Wei worked in Wangchuan at the foot of Nanzhongnan Mountain in Lantian County, Shaanxi Province. Bai Juyi built Lushan Caotang.

The freehand brushwork landscape garden in the Northern Song Dynasty is represented by the famous garden "Shoushan Genyue" in the northwest corner of Bianjing (now Kaifeng). "Shoushan Genyue" is a famous royal garden in Northern Song Dynasty, which has many characteristics of garden art. There are 19 famous private gardens in Luoyang (Luoyang Famous Garden by Li in the early years of Northern Song Dynasty), including Tianwang Garden, Guiren Garden and Lirenfeng Garden. The types of leisure parks are Dongshi West Park, Dongshi East Park, Liu's Park, Congchun Park, Dongyuan Park, Zijintai Zhang's Park, Shuibei Park, Hu's Second Park, Duleyuan Park and Lvwenmu Park. Fuzheng Park, Wangkaifu House Garden, Miaoshuai Garden, Wangyuan Garden, Wenzi Temple Garden and Lakeview Garden all belong to the types of house gardens.

The gardens in Yuan Dynasty were represented by Beihai and Taiye Pool.

The Ming and Qing Dynasties were the heyday of China gardens, and many famous gardens appeared.

The representative work of royal gardens in this period is Xiyuan. North Sea, China Sea and South China Sea are connected together, collectively known as Xiyuan, which together with * * * constitutes the largest scenic spot in Beijing.

The representative works of palaces in Qing Dynasty include Yuanmingyuan, Summer Palace, chengde mountain resort and Qianlong Imperial Garden in the Forbidden City in the western suburbs of Beijing.

After Kangxi unified China, it became the heyday of the Qing Dynasty. There are Forbidden Three Seas, Jingming Garden, Changchun Garden, Wanchun Garden and Rehe Summer Resort. After Qianlong ascended the throne, he copied some good and important landscapes of garden buildings he saw in Jiangnan and built them in the palace. After Kangxi, there were five dynasties: Yong, Gan, Jia, Dao and Xian. After 150 years of operation, Yuanmingyuan, an unprecedented royal garden in the history of world gardens, has been built.

Another masterpiece of imperial gardens in Qing Dynasty is Qingyi Garden (Summer Palace), which is located in the western suburb of Beijing 10 km and the northwest suburb of Beijing 10 km. The Summer Palace consists of Kunming Lake and Wanshou Mountain. In the Ming Dynasty, it was called West Lake, where a garden temple was built. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, a lake was dug here and piled on the east bank of the lake to become an east dike to store the lake, which was renamed Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake. Yanshou temple was built in the former site of Guo Jing Temple to pay off debts. After passing through pavilions, terraces, buildings, pavilions and pavilions, it was renamed Qingyi Garden, and was destroyed by the invasion of British and French allied forces in 1860. In the 14th year of Guangxu (A.D. 1887), Cixi was renamed the Summer Palace after being rebuilt with naval military expenses.

The largest existing royal garden is the summer resort, which was only an official during the hunting of the emperor in the early Qing Dynasty. Due to its beautiful scenery, pleasant climate and proximity to the capital, large-scale detached palaces have been built since the 40th year of Kangxi (170 1). During the Qianlong period, this grand palace was built in a natural mountainous area with undulating mountains and lush pine forests. The total area of the summer resort is about 560 hectares. It is characterized by many mountains around the park, with only about one-fifth of the flat land, which has a lot of water, which is different from the layout of Yuanmingyuan and Summer Palace. The garden is surrounded by a defensive masonry palace wall, which looks like Miyagi, about ten feet high and five feet thick. There are six gates around, including Li Zhengmen, Dehui Gate and Bifeng Gate in the south, and one gate in the east, northeast and northwest, which is different from ordinary royal gardens.

In order to meet the needs of home life, literati in Ming and Qing dynasties also built a large number of home gardens with mountains and rivers as the backbone and interesting mountains and forests as the content for daily gatherings, leisure, banquets and living. Famous gardens include Humble Administrator's Garden, Lingering Garden, Master of Nets Garden, Lion Forest, Huanxiu Mountain Villa, Canglang Pavilion, Art Garden, Chicken Farm Garden, Yuyuan Garden and Geyuan.

Humble Administrator's Garden is located in the northeast street of Loumen, Suzhou. It was a red temple in the Yuan Dynasty. It was built by the Imperial King in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1506 ~ 162 1). Named Humble Administrator's Garden, it changed owners many times and abandoned it several times. Today's gardens are generally in the scale of the late Qing Dynasty, and consist of three parts: the Central District (Humble Administrator's Garden), the Western District (Supplementary Garden) and the Eastern District (Homecoming). It is one of the famous gardens in Suzhou since Ming and Qing Dynasties, and it is also one of the representative works of Jiangnan gardens in China.

Lingering in the Garden is outside the Lumen Gate in Suzhou. Master Xu, the servant of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty, built the East Garden here, and Liu Shu lived in Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty, named Hanbilou, also known as Liuyuan. During the reign of Xianfeng Tongzhi, many gardens in Suzhou were destroyed by war and chaos, but this garden was left behind. During Guangxu's reign, it was rebuilt in Shengkang and renamed to stay in the park. There are twelve peaks in the garden, of which the cloud peak is the most prominent. Lingering garden is divided into four main parts: central area, eastern area, northern area and western area, and the central area and eastern area are the essence of the whole garden.

Master Wang Garden is located in Youyi Road, Suzhou. In the Southern Song Dynasty, it was the former site of Shiwanjuan Hall, and the garden was named "Fishing Hidden". During the reign of Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty, Song Zongyuan rebuilt it and renamed it Netscape Garden. It is a family garden that integrates garden and residence. The garden is in the west of the house, with a total area of about nine acres. It is famous for its compact layout, exquisite architecture and good spatial scale ratio. It is a masterpiece of local medium-sized gardens.

Lion Forest, Humble Administrator's Garden, Liuyuan Garden and Canglang Pavilion are also called the four famous gardens in Suzhou. They are located in Huayuan Road and were built in the Yuan Dynasty (around 1350 BC). According to records, the founder of the park, Zen Master Tianjia, invited the famous painter * * * to plan ideas to commemorate the peak of his monk. Zhongfeng once lived in the "Lion Peak" in Tian Yue, Zhejiang Province, hence the name "Lion Forest".

Huanxiu Mountain Villa is located in Jingde Road, Suzhou. Jingde Temple in Song Dynasty and private garden in Qing Dynasty. It is characterized by mountains, supplemented by pool water. This mountain was built by Ge, a famous Dieshan artist in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, which can simulate the natural landscape realistically. In a limited space of about one acre, the mountain only occupies half an acre of land, but it has built a valley stream, Liang Shi, cliffs, caves, secluded paths, and garden buildings such as Buqiufang and Hot Spring Pavilion. With simple, natural and quiet landscapes, it embodies euphemistic and implicit poetry, and through reasonable arrangement of rocks, trees and water bodies, it embodies profound and changeable paintings.

Canglang Pavilion is near Sanyuanfang in the south of Suzhou. Su Shunqin (Zi Mei), a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, bought a villa and built the Canglang Pavilion by the water, which is the earliest garden in the history of Suzhou gardens. During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the park was abandoned and owned by Buddhist temples. Canglang Pavilion was rebuilt in Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty.

The Art Park is located in Wen Ya Lane, Suzhou. Built in the Ming Dynasty, it was renamed the Art Garden at the end of the mourning period, also known as "Jingting Mountain House".

Jichang Garden is located at the foot of Huishan Mountain in the western suburbs of Wuxi. It was built in the period of Zhengde in Ming Dynasty. It was the villa of Qin Jin, the minister of the Ming Dynasty, and was renamed in the Qin Long period of the Ming Dynasty. The garden was destroyed in the tenth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (AD 1860). Now the buildings in the garden are all rebuilt later, but the rockeries in ponds and swamps, ancient wooden stone tablets and cloisters and pavilions are still ancient styles.

Shanghai Yuyuan Garden was originally the "Yuyuan Garden Old Qin" built by Pan Yunduan for his father in Ming Dynasty. It is named Yu Garden, which is one of the famous gardens in Shanghai. Yu Garden was built in Jiajing and Wanli years of Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1559 ~ 1577), covering an area of about two hectares. It is exquisitely designed, with the characteristics of seeing the big from the small, and integrates the artistic style of southern gardens in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It was once known as the ancient garden of Southeast China. Today, there are about 48 scenic spots in Yuyuan Garden, which are divided into six different scenic spots by five dragon walls, each with its own characteristics.

There is a garden in the north of Dongguan Street in Yangzhou, which was called Shouzhi Garden in the early Qing Dynasty. It is said that the stones piled in the garden are made of Shi Tao. Jiaqing, named Ge Yuan, belongs to the yellow salt head of two Huai's. This garden is famous for its rocky rockeries in the Four Seasons. The entrance is in the south, and there are two pools in the middle: the east pool is divided into two by a small bridge, and the three osmanthus halls in the south of the pool are wide and rest on a single eaves, which is the main building in the garden. There is a hexagonal pavilion in the north of the pool; Xichi is very small. There are rockeries with lakes and rocks on the north bank and bamboo forests on the south bank. There are eleven two-story garden buildings in the north of the park.