Management methods and key points of autumn potato planting in Weifang city

Potato is one of the important crops in China, so do you know how autumn potatoes in Weifang are planted and managed? The following is the management method of autumn potato planting in Weifang that I have carefully arranged for you. Let's have a look.

Management methods of autumn potato planting in Weifang. Choose early-maturing varieties. Autumn potato has a short growth period and does not grow for a long time, so we must choose early-maturing varieties with short dormancy period suitable for autumn planting, such as Zhongshu 3, Feiwuruita, Dongnong 303, Kexin 4, Zaodabai and Zhengshu 6.

Second, soak the seeds before sowing to accelerate germination. Accelerating germination is the key to the success of autumn potato production. It is best to use small whole potatoes (about 50 grams) as seeds in autumn sowing to avoid a large number of rotten potatoes caused by poor disinfection after cutting large potatoes in high temperature and rainy weather.

Germination accelerating method: generally, 10 ~ 15 ppm gibberellin solution is used to germinate the whole potato and soak it for 20 ~ 30 minutes; Cut into pieces to accelerate germination. Soak the seeds with 5 ~ 10 ppm gibberellin (920) solution for 15 minutes. Disinfect potato chips with 70% thiophanate-methyl 500 times solution or mixed with plant ash, and air dry to accelerate germination. When soaking seeds, firstly dissolve gibberellin with a small amount of alcohol, then add water to dilute it to the required concentration, put the seed potato in a basket or net bag, and then soak it with liquid medicine. After soaking, take out the seed potato and put it on the sand bed (bed width 100 cm, sand thickness 5 cm). The paved potato pieces are about 20 cm thick, and then covered with wet sand about 5 cm thick. When the buds grow to about 2 cm, pick them out and put them in a cool and scattered place for greening. After 2 ~ 3 days, choose sunny morning or evening to sow.

Note: When soaking seeds to accelerate germination, the concentration of gibberellin solution should be strictly prepared. Gibberellin solution should be used together, not overnight. In addition, seed potatoes should not be piled too thick, otherwise it will easily lead to rotten potatoes.

Third, master the sowing date and density. The sowing time in our province can be selected from the middle and late August to the early September. It is hot and rainy in August, and water in the field is easy to cause rotten potatoes, which affects seedling emergence and plant growth. Therefore, water should be removed in time after the rain and intertillage should be carried out to facilitate the emergence of seedlings. The general planting density is 5000 ~ 6000 plants per mu, and the seed consumption per mu is 150 ~ 180 kg. Wide rows and narrow plants are beneficial to soil cultivation. The row spacing is 40 cm, the hole spacing is 25 cm, the stems and buds are facing down, and the covering thickness is about 5 cm. When the seedling height is about 1.5 cm, it can increase soil permeability and increase the temperature difference between day and night, which is beneficial to high quality and high yield.

Fourth, scientifically formulate and increase the application of potash fertilizer. Apply foot fat. Generally, 65,438+0,000 ~ 65,438+0,500 kilograms of high-quality organic fertilizer should be applied per mu, and 60 ~ 80 kilograms of potato special compound fertilizer (9: 9: 7) or 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer should be applied at the same time, and border strips should be applied to cover the soil. Special attention should be paid to applying more potassium fertilizer. Potassium sulfate is better than potassium chloride when applying potassium fertilizer.

Fifth, strengthen on-site management.

1, drought and flood. Autumn potato fields must be able to release energy and irrigate. In case of continuous high temperature and dry weather after sowing, straw or wheat straw can be used to cover the border surface to reduce the soil temperature, irrigate in time and promote germination. In case of rainstorm, drainage should be done in time to avoid rotten seeds and seedlings.

2. Appropriate topdressing. After emergence, combine with intertillage to loosen the soil, and apply urea 10 ~ 15 kg per mu to promote the rapid growth of seedlings; Spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus root swelling factor 1 ~ 2 times on the leaves in the middle and late stage.

3. Cultivation. Till the end of the whole seedling stage, intertillage and loosen the soil for 2-3 times, so as to prevent weeds, break the hardening, cultivate the soil and ridging, and create good soil loose conditions for potato growth, which is beneficial to improve the seed setting rate and the quality of potato pieces.

Six, pest control. The main disease is late blight, and the pests are mainly underground pests and aphids.

Prevention and control of late blight: the whole growth period of autumn potato is controlled for three times. Several different chemicals are used alternately, and the control effect is better. For the first time, 52.2% Zhikuaijing was used in the cluster stage of potato, 72% Kelv was used in the early flowering stage of potato, and 68.75% Yinfali was used in the full flowering stage.

Underground pest control: combined with soil preparation, 200 ml phoxim per mu, mixed soil control; The aphid can be controlled by spraying 40% omethoate EC 1000 ~ 2000 times during the occurrence period.

Key points of autumn potato planting 1. Make a good plot: choose corn field, rice field or vegetable field below 600 meters above sea level, and the sand is suitable; Only when the safe interval of herbicide selection is greater than 10 days can soil preparation and tillage be carried out.

Second, do a good job in a period: potatoes like a cool climate, and the sowing period is suitable for the daily average temperature to drop below 25 C. Generally, it is advisable to plant seeds in hilly areas below 500 meters above sea level in Pingba from late August to early September; Suitable for sowing in late August in low mountainous areas with an altitude of 500 ~ 800 meters.

3. Seed selection: select early-maturing virus-free seed potatoes that meet the quality standards of virus-free seed potatoes, break dormancy, have buds and are harmless; Virus-free seed potatoes such as Yushu 1, Feiwuruita, Zaodabai, Qingshu No.9 and Yushu15; Generally, the amount of seeds used per mu is about 150 ~ 200 kg; Generally, 20 ~ 30g small potatoes are selected as seed potatoes, and whole potatoes are suitable for sowing. Seeding with bud is the key technology to promote early emergence, rapid emergence and strong seedling of autumn potato. Wet sand or gibberellin solution with concentration of 5- 10 mg/L can be used to accelerate germination.

Fourth, soaking knives: change the practice of cutting knives, change knives frequently, and scrub with alcohol. 7 ~ 10 days before sowing, 50 ~ 100 grams of potato pieces are selected as seed potatoes, and they are cut into 2 ~ 3 small pieces along the longitudinal direction of the terminal buds with a sharp knife, and each piece should have more than 2 buds.

5. Mix a bucket of medicine: after cutting, soak the seeds with plant ash or mixed with 2kg of water for 3min or with 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for about 65,438+00min to prevent the wound from being infected with germs and the seeds from rotting.

6. Measure a ruler: measure the size of the stick with a ruler, and measure the distance between the rope and the ditch. The row spacing is 50cm, the nest spacing is 22cm, and there are more than 6,000 nests per mu.

Seven, prepare a bag of fertilizer: choose potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, prohibit potassium chloride compound fertilizer, and apply farmyard manure for better effect.

Eight, to achieve a goal: net yield per mu 1500 kg or more, rape and autumn potato yield per mu 1200 kg or more.

9. Calculate an account: Autumn potato is a dual-purpose crop for food, vegetables and feed, with a growing period of more than two months. The yield per mu can reach about 1.500 kg. According to the market price of 2 yuan/Jin, the net income per mu is more than RMB 1 1,000 after deducting the cost of seed potato and labor service.

Cultivation methods and variety selection of autumn potato

Due to the limitation of climate and other factors, autumn potatoes must choose varieties with short dormancy period, early tuber setting and rapid tuber expansion. At the same time, varieties with high temperature resistance and resistance to late blight at seedling stage can only choose early-maturing or middle-maturing varieties, such as Zhongshu No.3, Chuanyu No.56, Chuanyu No.5, Chuanyu Zaozao, Feiwuruita, Eshu No.4, Wan Yu No.9, etc., and also can choose middle-maturing and early-maturing varieties.

Cultivation mode

The cultivation mode of flat sowing in the field and double ridges at the time of seedling emergence was adopted. When the ridging height is about 25cm, the planting density of autumn potatoes can be increased appropriately, generally about 6000 plants/mu, that is, the row spacing is 0.67m and the plant spacing is 0.20m m.

Fertilization level: due to the short growth period of autumn potato, it is necessary to apply sufficient fertilizer, generally about farm manure per mu 1500kg, 30kg base fertilizer (western brand) potassium citrate compound fertilizer per mu, mixed with 10kg phosphate fertilizer, and ditching and covering the soil.

Small whole potato sowing

Many people are used to sowing large potatoes in pieces. If they get sick, they will often cause infection. Sowing with 20 ~ 50g healthy and consistent small whole potatoes can ensure the uniformity of seedling emergence and avoid disease infection caused by cutting.

Accelerating germination before sowing

Autumn sowing must be accelerated. 7 ~ 10 days before sowing, for potato chips? 920? Add 1g water and 100kg deep liquid to soak the seeds 150 minutes, and then use wet sand to accelerate germination. When the seed potato bud grows to 1 ~ 1~ 1.5cm, it can be cultured in light, and after 2 ~ 3 days, it can cultivate green and stout short buds to ensure the whole seedling.

Sowing caused by rain and high temperature

Sowing in rainy days will harden the soil and reduce air permeability. Sowing in hot weather will cause a lot of water loss of potato pieces, consume the nutrition of potato pieces and affect the health of seedlings.

Sowing in shallow ditch on flat land

The thickness of covering soil should be less than 5cm, and it is advisable to completely cover potato pieces. Too thick will prolong the emergence time of potato pieces, relatively shorten the fruiting period, and affect the yield and quality of potato pieces. Excessive dilution affects the growth of seedlings and roots of seed potatoes, making the growth of seedlings inconsistent. When the seedlings grow to 10 ~ 15 cm, ridging can increase the number of stem nodes of underground stems, promote the occurrence of more stolons, and create conditions for potato swelling. You can also use the method of ridging first and then sowing on the ridge, but this planting method requires more labor than flat sowing ridging.

Density increase

Due to the short growth period of autumn potato, high yield can be obtained by intensive cultivation with increased density.

Tiantuan management

Autumn potato is still in high temperature and rainy season from sowing to seedling emergence, which is easy to cause rotten seeds and dead seedlings. Field management should take corresponding measures to prevent rotten seeds and protect seedlings. When the soil moisture is good, it is generally not necessary to water it; If the soil is dry, water it in time to reduce the soil temperature. In case of rain and waterlogging, the accumulated water in the field should be removed in time. After rain or watering, intertillage should be done in time to keep the soil breathable.

Timely intertillage after emergence, combined with intertillage and appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer, generally applying 5 kg of urea per mu. For autumn sowing potatoes, due to the relationship between high temperature and strong light and growth habits, combined with intertillage, it is necessary to cultivate the soil, especially after heavy rain, which can reduce the exposure of blue potatoes and improve the commercialization. The growth period of autumn potato is shorter than that of spring potato, and there is no turning point from long seedling to potato production. After the Millennium, the temperature is decreasing day by day and the sunshine is shortened, which is beneficial to tuber and tuber expansion. Therefore, cultivation measures should be taken to promote plant growth as soon as possible and increase the number and area of stems and leaves; Pay attention to the prevention and control of pests and diseases and prolong the functional period of leaves. Water in drought, ensure water supply, and timely drain and intertillage after rain or watering.

Control of late blight

Potato late blight is the most serious disease in potato production, which can reduce the yield by 20% ~ 50%. When the central diseased plant is found in the field, it should be pulled out immediately, and sprayed with 600 times of 25% erysipelas manganese-zinc solution or 700-800 times of 72% kelu solution every 7- 10 day for 2-3 times.

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