The meaning of macroeconomics, what is the current macroeconomic situation?

The so-called macro-economy refers to the total amount of economic activities, that is, the overall activities of the national economy. Refers to the whole national economy or the whole national economy and its economic activities and operating conditions, such as total supply and total demand; Gross national economy and its growth rate; The main proportional relationship in the national economy; The overall price level; Overall employment level and unemployment rate; The total scale and growth rate of currency issuance; The total scale of import and export trade and its changes.

Current macroeconomic situation

In 2008, people of all ethnic groups across the country faced difficulties, worked hard, overcame all kinds of difficulties and obstacles, and made new and significant achievements in reform, opening up and socialist modernization.

-The national economy continued to maintain steady and rapid growth. The gross domestic product exceeded 30 trillion yuan, an increase of 9% over the previous year; The increase in the overall price level has been controlled; The fiscal revenue was 61300 million yuan, an increase of19.5%; Grain production increased for five consecutive years, with a total output of 528.5 million tons, a record high.

-deepening reform and opening up. New breakthroughs have been made in the reform of key areas and key links such as finance, taxation, finance, price and administration. The total import and export trade was US$ 2.56 trillion, up by 17.8%. The actual use of foreign direct investment was $92.4 billion.

-Social undertakings have been accelerated and people's lives have been further improved. Urban employment11130,000; The per capita disposable income of urban residents was 1578 1 yuan, and the per capita net income of rural residents was 476 1 yuan, with real growth of 8.4% and 8%.

-A major victory in the fight against catastrophic natural disasters was won in an all-round way. Successfully hosted the Beijing Olympic and Paralympic Games. Successfully completed the Shenzhou VII manned space flight.

These achievements indicate that we have taken a new solid step on the road to Socialism with Chinese characteristics, greatly enhancing the courage and strength of the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country to overcome difficulties, and will certainly inspire us to continue to forge ahead courageously in the new historical journey.

2009 is a crucial year for the implementation of the 11th Five-Year Plan and the most difficult year for China's economic development since the beginning of the new century. The task of reform, development and stability is very arduous.

Looking at the international and domestic situation, China is still in an important period of strategic opportunities. Challenges and opportunities coexist, and difficulties and hopes coexist. The fundamentals and long-term positive trend of China's economic and social development have not changed. The main expected goals of national economic and social development this year are: GDP will increase by about 8% and the economic structure will be further optimized; More than 9 million new jobs have been created in cities and towns, and the registered unemployment rate in cities and towns is within 4.6%; The income of urban and rural residents has increased steadily; The overall level of consumer prices rose by about 4%; The balance of payments continued to improve.

To do a good job this year, we must grasp the following principles: First, expand domestic demand and ensure growth. Adhere to reversing the downward trend of economic growth as the primary goal of macroeconomic regulation and control, take expanding domestic demand as the long-term strategic policy and fundamental focus of promoting economic growth, increase effective demand, strengthen weak links, and give full play to the leading role of domestic demand, especially consumer demand, in stimulating economic growth. The second is to adjust the structure and improve the level. Insist on promoting economic restructuring and independent innovation as the main direction of changing the development mode, turn pressure into power, unswervingly protect and develop advanced productive forces, eliminate backward productive forces, integrate production factors, expand development space, realize the unity of maintaining growth, adjusting structure and increasing efficiency, and enhance the overall quality and development potential of the national economy. The third is to grasp reform and increase vitality. Insist on deepening reform and opening up as the fundamental driving force to promote scientific development, further emancipate our minds, intensify reforms in key areas and key links, eliminate institutional and institutional obstacles, and stimulate creative vitality. The fourth is to emphasize people's livelihood and promote harmony. Adhere to the protection and improvement of people's livelihood as the starting point and end result of economic work, implement a more active employment policy, and closely combine the promotion of growth with the expansion of employment and improvement of people's livelihood, so that the people can enjoy the fruits of reform and development.

This year, we should focus on the following tasks:

(1) Strengthen and improve macro-control and maintain steady and rapid economic development.

We should adhere to flexible and prudent control policies, improve the adaptability and actual effect of macro-control, reverse the downward trend of economic growth as soon as possible, and maintain steady and rapid economic development.

Implement a proactive fiscal policy. First, a substantial increase in government expenditure is the most positive, direct and effective measure to expand domestic demand. The contradiction of tight fiscal revenue and expenditure this year is very prominent. On the one hand, slowing economic growth and reducing the tax burden of enterprises and residents will inevitably reduce the growth rate of fiscal revenue; On the other hand, in order to stimulate economic growth, improve people's livelihood and deepen reform, investment and government expenditure need to be greatly increased. In order to make up for the gap caused by the decrease of fiscal revenue and the increase of expenditure, it is planned to arrange the central fiscal deficit of 750 billion yuan, an increase of 570 billion yuan over the previous year. At the same time, the State Council agreed to issue 200 billion yuan of local bonds, which will be issued by the Ministry of Finance as an agent and included in the provincial budget management. The national fiscal deficit totaled 950 billion yuan, accounting for less than 3% of GDP. Although the deficit increased a lot in that year, due to the continuous reduction of the deficit in previous years, there is a large space for issuing bonds, and the accumulated balance of national debt accounts for about 20% of GDP. China's comprehensive national strength is affordable and generally safe. The second is to implement structural tax cuts and promote tax and fee reform. Reduce the tax burden of enterprises and residents, promote enterprise investment and household consumption, and enhance microeconomic vitality by adopting various ways such as tax reduction, tax refund or tax exemption. According to preliminary estimates, the full implementation of VAT transformation this year, the implementation of policies such as small and medium-sized enterprises, real estate and securities transactions, and export tax rebates, and the cancellation and suspension of 100 administrative fees will reduce the burden on enterprises and residents by about 500 billion yuan. The third is to optimize the structure of fiscal expenditure. Continue to increase investment in key areas, strictly control general expenditures, and strive to reduce administrative costs.

Implement a moderately loose monetary policy. Monetary policy should play a more active role in promoting economic growth. The first is to improve financial supervision. Ensure that the total amount of money and credit meets the needs of economic development, with a broad money growth of about 17% and new loans of more than 5 trillion yuan. The second is to optimize the credit structure. Strengthen the monitoring and guidance of credit investment, increase financial support for weak links such as agriculture, rural areas and small and medium-sized enterprises, and effectively solve the financing difficulties of some enterprises. Strictly control loans to enterprises in industries with high energy consumption, high pollution and overcapacity. The third is to further rationalize the transmission mechanism of monetary policy and ensure the smooth flow of funds. Give full play to the advantages and characteristics of various financial institutions, innovate and improve financial services, meet reasonable capital needs, and form a joint force of finance to promote economic development. The fourth is to strengthen and improve financial supervision. All kinds of financial enterprises should strengthen risk management and enhance their ability to resist risks. Handle the relationship between financial innovation, financial openness and financial supervision. Strengthen the monitoring and management of cross-border capital flows and maintain financial stability and security.

It is necessary to strengthen the consistency and coordination of industrial, trade, land, investment and employment policies with fiscal and monetary policies, and form a joint force of regulation.

(2) Actively expand domestic demand, especially consumer demand, and enhance the pulling effect of domestic demand on economic growth.

The first is to expand consumption, especially household consumption. We will continue to adjust the income distribution pattern, increase the proportion of labor remuneration to national income, increase the proportion of government expenditure to improve people's livelihood and expand consumption, and increase subsidies for low-income people and farmers in cities and towns. It is necessary to cultivate consumption hotspots and expand consumption space. Improve the automobile consumption policy, accelerate the development of the used car market and the car rental market, and guide and promote rational automobile consumption. Vigorously develop community commerce, property, housekeeping and other convenience consumption, accelerate the development of tourism and leisure consumption, expand the consumption of services such as culture, entertainment, sports and fitness, and actively develop new consumption such as online animation. Improve consumption policy and optimize consumption environment. Accelerate the construction of "thousands of villages and towns" market project and promote the extension of chain operation to rural areas. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of urban and rural consumption facilities and service systems, standardize market order, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. We will promptly study and introduce policies and measures to encourage consumption and actively develop consumer credit. Do a good job in "home appliances going to the countryside", "agricultural machinery going to the countryside" and "cars and motorcycles going to the countryside", and make good use of the 40 billion yuan subsidy funds from the central government to increase sales for enterprises and benefit farmers.

The second is to maintain rapid investment growth and optimize the investment structure. This year, the central government has invested a total of 908 billion yuan, which is mainly used for the construction of affordable housing, education, health, culture and other livelihood projects, energy conservation, environmental protection and ecological construction, technological transformation and technological innovation, farmland water conservancy, railways and highways and other key infrastructure construction and post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction. Government investment must be used in the most critical place to deal with the crisis, in the weak links of economic and social development, and must not be used in the general processing industry. We should promptly study and introduce preferential policies to encourage and guide social investment. By releasing information and strengthening guidance, we will support social capital investment in areas that conform to national industrial policies and encourage enterprises to increase investment in R&D and technological transformation. Every penny of ours comes from the people, and we must be responsible to them. All engineering construction must adhere to the century-old plan, quality first, and leave precious wealth for future generations.

The third is to promote the stable and healthy development of the real estate market. Take more active and effective policies and measures to stabilize market confidence and expectations, stabilize real estate investment, and promote the stable and orderly development of the real estate industry. Accelerate the implementation and improvement of policies and measures to promote the construction of affordable housing, and strive to solve the housing problems of 7.5 million urban low-income families with housing difficulties and 2.4 million residents in forest areas, reclamation areas and coal mine shanty towns in three years. This year, the central government plans to allocate 49.3 billion yuan for affordable housing projects, increase investment support for low-rent housing construction and shantytown renovation, appropriately raise subsidy standards in the central and western regions, expand the pilot scope of rural dilapidated housing renovation, and implement nomadic settlement projects in ethnic minority areas. Select some qualified areas to carry out pilot projects and supplement some idle funds of housing provident fund for the construction of affordable housing. Actively develop public rental housing. Implement policies such as credit and taxation to support residents to buy self-occupied and improved housing. For eligible buyers of the second set of ordinary self-occupied housing, the preferential policies for purchasing ordinary self-occupied housing with the first loan shall be implemented mutatis mutandis; For the business tax on housing transfer, different tax reduction and exemption policies are implemented according to different years. Promote the consumption and supply of ordinary commodity housing, and increase credit support for the construction of small and medium-sized units and low-priced ordinary commodity housing. Accelerate the development of the second-hand housing market and the housing rental market. Encourage and guide all localities to stabilize and develop the real estate market according to local conditions and strengthen the classified management of the housing market. Continue to rectify the order of the real estate market and standardize trading behavior. Help migrant workers solve the housing problem. Deepen the reform of urban housing system, meet the multi-level housing needs of residents, and strive to achieve the goal of living and living.

The fourth is to speed up the recovery and reconstruction of earthquake-stricken areas. Pay close attention to the full implementation of the overall plan for post-disaster recovery and reconstruction, and the central government will allocate another 654.38+03 billion yuan of post-disaster reconstruction funds this year. Accelerate the housing reconstruction of urban and rural residents in disaster areas, and combine maintenance and reinforcement with new construction. Basically complete the task of rebuilding rural houses that collapsed and were seriously damaged due to the disaster, and ensure that the affected people live in new houses before the end of this year. Accelerate the restoration of schools in earthquake-stricken areas and ensure that more than 95% of students can study in permanent school buildings by the end of this year. Continue to promote the restoration and reconstruction of infrastructure such as transportation, communications, energy and water conservancy. Do a good job in prevention and control of geological disasters, ecological restoration, environmental improvement and restoration of damaged farmland. Accelerate the reconstruction and development of industries in disaster areas in combination with the implementation of the adjustment and revitalization plan for key industries. Continue to do a good job in counterpart support and special assistance, and manage and use the funds and materials for post-disaster reconstruction. Post-disaster reconstruction should intensify efforts and speed up the progress, and strive to basically complete the original three-year target and task within two years, so that the people in the disaster areas can live a happier and better life as soon as possible.

(3) Consolidate and strengthen the basic position of agriculture, promote the stable development of agriculture and increase farmers' income continuously.

We should focus on five things this year: First, we should steadily develop grain production. Effectively stabilize the planting area, focus on increasing the output per unit area, optimize the variety structure, and promote the construction of the national new grain production capacity of 1000 billion Jin. The second is to adjust the agricultural structure with market demand as the guide. Support the production of important agricultural products in short supply and improve the quality, efficiency and competitiveness of agricultural products. Accelerate the implementation of a new round of regional layout planning of advantageous agricultural products, support the development of cash crops such as oil crops in advantageous producing areas, stabilize pig production, implement the dairy industry revitalization plan, and promote large-scale standardized and healthy breeding of animal husbandry and aquatic products. Strengthen the prevention and control of major animal and plant diseases. The third is to strengthen the construction of agricultural infrastructure and rural livelihood projects. Carry out land consolidation on a large scale, implement comprehensive management of fields, water, roads and forests, promote the transformation of low-and medium-yield fields and build high-standard farmland. Accelerate the reinforcement of large and medium-sized and key small dangerous reservoirs, strengthen the transformation of irrigation areas and the construction of small farmland water conservancy. By the end of next year, roads in towns and villages with conditions in the eastern and central regions will be basically hardened, and roads will be connected to villages with conditions in the western region. Solve the problem of safe drinking water for 60 million people, add 5 million biogas users, and continue to strengthen rural power grid, postal communication and social undertakings. The fourth is to increase farmers' income through multiple channels. Vigorously develop modern agriculture with characteristics, support the intensive processing and sales of agricultural products, develop secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas, accelerate the construction of small towns, and expand the county economy. The fifth is to intensify poverty alleviation and development. This year, new poverty alleviation standards will be implemented and poverty alleviation policies will be fully implemented for low-income people in rural areas. The new standard has been raised to per capita 1 196 yuan, and the poverty alleviation target covers 40.07 million people, which indicates that China's poverty alleviation and development has entered a new stage. It is necessary to improve the national poverty alleviation strategies and policies, increase investment in poverty alleviation funds, adhere to development-oriented poverty alleviation, focus on promoting the whole village, labor transfer training, industrialization poverty alleviation and immigration poverty alleviation, stabilize the problem of food and clothing for the poor, and strive to achieve poverty alleviation.

To comprehensively strengthen the work concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers, we should take the following measures: First, we should substantially increase investment in agriculture and rural areas. This year, the central government plans to allocate 7 1 6 1 billion yuan for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, an increase of120.6 billion yuan over the previous year. Significantly increase the investment in rural public welfare construction projects in the central and western regions, and cancel the matching fund requirements at and below the county level. Policies and measures to support grain production are inclined to the main producing areas, and support for general transfer payments, financial incentives and grain industry construction projects in major grain-producing counties is increased. The second is to substantially increase the minimum purchase price of grain, maintain a reasonable level of agricultural products prices, and improve the enthusiasm of grain farmers. This year, the minimum purchase price of wheat and rice increased by 0. 1 1 yuan and 0. 13 yuan respectively. Timely start the temporary purchasing and storage policy of major agricultural products, increase the reserves of grain, cotton, edible vegetable oil and pork, and strengthen the market regulation of agricultural products. Third, further increase agricultural subsidies. The central government plans to arrange subsidy funds of 654.38+0.23 billion yuan, an increase of 20 billion yuan over the previous year. Continue to increase direct grain subsidies. Increase subsidies for improved varieties, raise subsidy standards, achieve full coverage of rice, wheat, corn and cotton, expand the scope of subsidies for improved varieties of rapeseed and soybean, and implement subsidies for improved varieties of camellia oleifera. Subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery and tools cover all agricultural counties (farms) in China, and the central government plans to allocate 654.38+03 billion yuan, an increase of 9 billion yuan over the previous year. According to the rising prices of agricultural materials and the planting area of crops, the comprehensive subsidies for agricultural materials will be increased in time. Fourth, accelerate the construction of a new agricultural socialized service system. Increase investment in agricultural science and technology, and strengthen the promotion of agricultural science and technology innovation achievements and service capacity building. We will improve grass-roots public service institutions such as agricultural technology popularization, animal and plant disease prevention and control, and agricultural product quality supervision, and support various forms of production and operation services such as supply and marketing cooperatives, farmers' professional cooperatives, and leading enterprises. Fifth, we should steadily improve the rural basic management system. Contract relationship, the existing land, should remain stable for a long time, giving farmers, including migrant workers, more adequate and secure land contractual management rights. The transfer of land contractual management rights must adhere to the principle of voluntary compensation according to law. Adhere to and implement the strictest farmland protection system and the strictest land-saving system, and strictly observe the red line of 65.438+0.8 billion mu of cultivated land. Promote the reform of collective forest right system. Deepen comprehensive rural reform. Accelerate the reform of township institutions. Actively and steadily resolve rural debts.

(4) Accelerate the transformation of development mode and vigorously promote the strategic adjustment of economic structure.

This year, we should focus on maintaining growth and promoting upgrading, and focus on industrial restructuring. First, conscientiously implement the adjustment and revitalization plans for key industries such as automobiles, steel, ships, petrochemicals, light industry, textiles, non-ferrous metals, equipment manufacturing, electronic information and modern logistics. Efforts will be made to solve the outstanding contradictions and problems in the development of these industries and promote structural adjustment, optimization and upgrading. Second, vigorously promote the adjustment of enterprise organizational structure and merger and reorganization, support superior enterprises to merge backward enterprises and difficult enterprises, encourage strong alliances and integrated upstream and downstream operations, and improve industrial concentration and resource allocation efficiency. Third, take more effective measures to support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. Pay close attention to the implementation of financial support policies, improve the financing guarantee system, simplify loan procedures and increase the scale of loans. The central financial funds for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises increased from 3.9 billion yuan to 9.6 billion yuan. We will continue to implement preferential tax policies to encourage small and medium-sized enterprises to innovate in science and technology, technological transformation and increase employment. Improve the socialized service system of small and medium-sized enterprises. Fourth, actively support enterprises to speed up technological transformation and build innovative enterprises. The central government plans to arrange 20 billion yuan of special funds to support the technological transformation of enterprises mainly in the form of interest subsidies. Encourage enterprises to apply new technologies, new processes, new equipment and new materials, adapt to market changes, develop marketable products, promote product innovation, and improve product quality and production and operation level. Fifth, accelerate the development of modern service industry. Promote the development of financial insurance, modern logistics, information consulting, software and creative industries, and expand emerging service areas. Upgrade the traditional service industry.

Vigorously promote scientific and technological innovation. Scientific and technological innovation should be closely combined with expanding domestic demand, promoting growth, adjusting structure and promoting upgrading. This year, the central government invested 146 1 100 million yuan in science and technology, an increase of 25.6%. First, accelerate the implementation of the national medium-and long-term scientific and technological development plan, especially major scientific and technological projects. Select some projects with strong driving force, great impact and quick results to carry out work, strive to break through a number of core technologies and key technologies as soon as possible, drive industrial transformation and technological upgrading, and support industrial revitalization and long-term economic development. Second, deepen the reform of science and technology system and give full play to the main role of enterprises in technological innovation. Mobilize more scientific and technological personnel to join the front line of economic construction, popularize technology, develop products and establish scientific and technological enterprises. Promote the integration of Industry-University-Research and accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into real productive forces. Third, we must strengthen and expand the equipment manufacturing industry. We will implement an independent research and development system for major equipment, focusing on domestic projects and government procurement, focusing on the development of major complete sets of equipment, high-tech equipment and equipment needed by high-tech industries, and improve the level of integrated innovation and localization of equipment manufacturing. Fourth, support and promote research and development and industrialization in the fields of new energy, biology, medicine, third-generation mobile communication, triple play, energy conservation and environmental protection, develop high-tech industrial clusters, and create new social needs. Fifth, continue to implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, strengthening the country through talents and strengthening the country through intellectual property rights. We will continue to promote the construction of the national innovation system, strengthen the research on basic science and cutting-edge technology, and accelerate the construction of major scientific and technological infrastructure and public platforms. Actively introduce overseas high-level talents and intelligence, and strengthen the construction of various talent teams. Improve the level of creation, application, protection and management of intellectual property rights.

Unswervingly strengthen energy conservation, emission reduction and ecological environment protection. First, focusing on energy conservation in industry, transportation and construction, we will continue to promote the construction of ten key energy-saving projects and implement energy-saving measures in the fields of motors, boilers, automobiles, air conditioners and lighting. Second, vigorously develop circular economy and clean energy. Adhere to energy saving, water saving and land saving. Actively develop clean energy such as nuclear power, hydropower, wind power and solar power generation. Promote the industrialization of clean coal technology. Strictly implement the national standards for energy consumption and environmental protection, increase the popularization and application of energy-saving technologies and products, and strengthen the comprehensive utilization of resources. The third is to improve various policies on energy conservation and environmental protection and implement them in accordance with the energy conservation and emission reduction index system, assessment system and monitoring system. The fourth is to carry out national energy conservation and emission reduction actions, and state organs, public enterprises and institutions should play an exemplary role. Fifth, we will continue to strengthen the prevention and control of pollution in key river basins and regions, strengthen the control of rocky desertification and desertification, and implement ecological construction projects such as key shelterbelts in Beijing and Tianjin, natural forest protection, and sand storm source control to protect the ecological environment such as water, forests, grasslands and wetlands. Promote comprehensive improvement of rural environment. Rectify and standardize the order of mineral resources development. Rational development and utilization of marine resources. The sixth is to implement the national plan to deal with climate change and improve the ability to cope with climate change. Strengthen basic research and capacity building in meteorology, earthquakes, disaster prevention and mitigation, surveying and mapping.

(5) Continue to deepen reform and opening up and further improve the institutional mechanisms conducive to scientific development.

Reform and opening up is an inexhaustible motive force for economic and social development. We will unswervingly adhere to reform and opening up, solve development problems through deepening reform, and win development opportunities in expanding opening up.

Promote the price reform of resource products. We will continue to deepen the reform of electricity prices, gradually improve the formation mechanism of on-grid electricity prices, transmission and distribution prices and sales electricity prices, and rationalize the price relationship between coal and electricity in a timely manner. Actively promote water price reform, gradually increase the price of non-agricultural water for water conservancy projects, and improve the management system for water resource fee collection. Accelerate the establishment and improvement of the system of paid use of mineral resources and the ecological compensation mechanism, and actively carry out pilot projects of emission trading.

Promote the reform of the fiscal and taxation system. Fully implement the transformation reform of value-added tax. Unify the additional system of urban construction tax and education fee for domestic and foreign-funded enterprises and individuals. Reform and improve the resource tax system. Study and promote the reform of real estate tax system. We will continue to clean up administrative fees and government funds and strengthen standardized management. Deepen the reform of the budget system, realize the organic connection of government budget, state-owned capital operation budget, government fund budget and social security budget, and actively promote budget disclosure. Improve the financial transfer payment system. Promote the reform of the financial management mode of counties directly under the jurisdiction of the province.

Promote the reform of the financial system. Deepen the reform of state-owned financial institutions. We will steadily develop small and medium-sized financial enterprises of various ownership systems and new rural financial institutions. Actively guide the healthy development of private financing. Promote capital market reform and maintain the stability of the stock market. Develop and standardize the bond market. Develop the futures market steadily. Deepen the reform of the insurance industry and give full play to the functions of insurance protection and financing. Promote the reform of interest rate marketization. Improve the RMB exchange rate formation mechanism and keep the RMB exchange rate basically stable at a reasonable and balanced level. Improve the coordination mechanism of financial supervision.

Promote the reform of state-owned enterprises and support the development of non-public economy. Deepen the reform of the company system and shareholding system of large state-owned enterprises, and establish and improve the modern enterprise system. Accelerate the reform of railway, electric power, salt industry and other industries. Improve the management system of civil aviation and telecommunications, and formulate supporting regulatory policies for the reform of the telecommunications system. Encourage, support and guide the development of non-public economy. We will implement the policy of relaxing market access and actively support private capital to participate in the reform of state-owned enterprises and enter the fields of infrastructure, public utilities, financial services and social undertakings.

Accelerate the reform of local government institutions. Promote the reform of public institutions.

Strive to maintain the steady growth of foreign trade. We emphasize expanding domestic demand and must not relax exports. Faced with the grim situation of shrinking external demand and rising trade protectionism, it is necessary to clean up and adjust foreign trade policies and increase support for imports and exports. Adhere to the strategy of diversification of export markets and winning by quality, consolidate traditional export markets and vigorously explore emerging markets. First, make full use of internationally accepted fiscal and taxation policies to support exports; Appropriately expand the scale of foreign trade development funds, and focus on supporting small and medium-sized enterprises to explore the international market and cultivate export brands. The second is to improve import and export financial services. Expand the coverage of export credit insurance; Encourage financial institutions to develop export credit; Innovative financing guarantee methods for export enterprises. The third is to steadily promote the transformation and upgrading of processing trade. Improve the development environment of processing trade and adjust the catalogue of prohibited and restricted categories of processing trade; Encourage the export processing industry to transfer to the central and western regions. Fourth, improve policies and measures to encourage trade in services; Vigorously develop international service outsourcing. The fifth is to strive to expand imports. Focus on the introduction of advanced technology and equipment, and increase the import of key parts, important energy and raw materials. Sixth, improve the level of trade facilitation. Optimize supervision and services in customs, quality inspection and foreign exchange; Strengthen the construction of border ports. Seventh, create a good international economic and trade environment. Actively promote the Doha Round negotiations; Accelerate the implementation of the free trade zone strategy; Properly deal with trade frictions.

Promote the coordinated development of foreign capital utilization and foreign investment. Stabilize the scale of foreign capital utilization and guide foreign capital to invest in high-tech industries, advanced manufacturing industries, energy-saving and environmental protection industries and modern service industries. Further clean up and standardize administrative fees and inspection items involving foreign investment. Improve the development level of state-level development zones in the central and western regions and the level of opening up along the border. Continue to implement the "going out" strategy. Support all kinds of qualified enterprises to invest abroad and carry out cross-border mergers and acquisitions, and give full play to the main role of large enterprises in "going global". Actively promote the construction of overseas economic and trade cooperation zones. Carry out cooperative development of overseas resources, project contracting and labor cooperation. Strengthen financial support for enterprises' foreign investment cooperation and broaden foreign investment channels. Expand the scope of overseas investment filing and registration system. Strengthen the risk control and supervision of enterprises' foreign investment.

(6) Vigorously develop social undertakings and focus on safeguarding and improving people's livelihood.

This year, we should concentrate on doing some important practical things that are urgently needed for economic and social development and have a bearing on the vital interests of the people, so that the people can get more benefits.

Do everything possible to promote employment. Give full play to the role of service industry, labor-intensive industries, small and medium-sized enterprises and non-public economy in absorbing employment. To implement a more active employment policy, the central government plans to invest 42 billion yuan. First, to promote the employment of college graduates in a prominent position. College graduates go to urban and rural grassroots social management and public service posts, giving social insurance and post subsidies; Those who serve at the grassroots level in rural areas and join the army will be given tuition compensation and compensatory student loans. Encourage universities, research institutes and enterprises undertaking key scientific research projects to attract qualified graduates to engage in scientific research. Enterprises that employ qualified college graduates can enjoy relevant employment support policies according to regulations. Accelerate the construction of a number of college students' pioneering parks or business incubation bases with less investment and quick results. The second is to broaden the employment opportunities of migrant workers and stabilize existing jobs. It is necessary to give play to the role of government investment and major project construction in promoting the employment of migrant workers. Encourage and support difficult enterprises to negotiate salary with employees, adopt flexible employment, flexible working hours, skills training and other measures, and try not to lay off employees. Strengthen the organized export of labor services and guide the orderly flow of migrant workers. Organize returning migrant workers to participate in rural public facilities construction. The third is to help people with employment difficulties in cities and towns, zero-employment families and the labor force in disaster areas find jobs. Further open up public welfare posts. Fourth, vigorously support self-employment and self-employment, and promote employment through entrepreneurship. Provide convenience and preferential treatment in market access, finance and taxation, business land and other aspects to encourage more workers to start businesses. Further lower the threshold and increase support for self-employment and migrant workers returning home to start businesses. The fifth is to further improve the employment public service. Strengthen employment information release, employment introduction and employment guidance. Vigorously carry out vocational training. Increase policy support for vocational skills training for people with employment difficulties and migrant workers.

Accelerate the improvement of the social security system. The first is to promote system construction. We will improve the basic old-age insurance system, continue to carry out pilot projects to implement personal accounts, and comprehensively promote provincial-level overall planning. Formulate and implement measures for endowment insurance for migrant workers. The pilot project of new rural social endowment insurance should cover about 10% of counties (cities) in China. The transfer and connection method of pension insurance relationship was introduced. Improve the unemployment, work injury and maternity insurance system. Improve the urban and rural social assistance system. The second is to expand the coverage of social security. Focus on employees in the non-public economy, migrant workers, landless peasants, flexible employees and freelancers. Rural subsistence allowances should be based on one's ability. Increase the national social security fund through multiple channels. Effectively strengthen the supervision of social security funds to ensure the safety of funds. The third is to improve social security benefits. We will continue to raise the basic pension for enterprise retirees this year and next, with an annual per capita increase of about 10%. Continue to raise the standards of unemployment insurance and industrial injury insurance. Further improve the level of urban and rural subsistence allowances and rural five guarantees, and improve the standard of pensions and living allowances for special care recipients. Vigorously develop social welfare and charity. The central government plans to invest 293 billion yuan in social security funds, an increase of 43.9 billion yuan or 17.6% over the previous year. Local finance should also increase investment.

Adhere to giving priority to education. This year, we will study and formulate the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Education Reform and Development Plan, and make comprehensive arrangements for China's education reform and development before 2020. This year, we should focus on five aspects. The first is to promote educational equity. Implement the policy of free and compulsory education in urban and rural areas. Raise the standard of public funds for compulsory education in rural areas, and increase the per capita public funds for primary and junior high school students to 300 yuan and 500 yuan respectively. Gradually solve the problem of free compulsory education for the children of migrant workers in the imported areas. Increase the living allowance for boarding students with financial difficulties in rural compulsory education. Strive to basically solve the rural "Ninth Five-Year Plan" debt problem within three years. We will improve the national aid system, increase financial assistance to students from poor families in secondary vocational schools and institutions of higher learning, ensure that everyone enjoys equal educational opportunities, and prevent a child from dropping out of school because of family financial difficulties. The second is to optimize the educational structure. Vigorously develop vocational education, especially support rural secondary vocational education. We will gradually implement free secondary vocational education, starting with students with financial difficulties in rural families and agriculture-related majors this year. Continue to improve the quality of higher education, promote the construction of high-level universities and key disciplines, and guide institutions of higher learning to adjust their majors and curriculum to meet the needs of market and economic and social development. The third is to strengthen the construction of teachers. Implement the performance-based salary system for teachers in compulsory education and improve the treatment of120,000 primary and secondary school teachers. The central government will invest 654.38+02 billion yuan for this purpose, and local governments will also increase their investment. Comprehensively strengthen the training of teachers, especially rural teachers, and encourage college students and normal students to teach at the grassroots level and in rural areas. The fourth is to promote quality education. All kinds of education at all levels should focus on promoting people's all-round development, speed up the reform of curriculum, teaching materials, educational methods and examination evaluation system, free primary and secondary school students from the heavy academic burden, and let students have more time to think, practice and create. The fifth is to implement the national primary and secondary school building safety project and promote the standardization construction of rural primary and secondary schools. It is necessary to build the school into the safest place and the most reassuring place for parents.