Several problems in the construction of intelligent residence.

Zhong Da Consulting combined with engineering design and practice, expounded the principle that the design of intelligent residence should be people-oriented and practical, and briefly discussed the system composition, integration and network access mode of intelligent residence.

Keywords: people-oriented, moderate integration, multi-network integration smart home

In recent years, with the rapid development of science and technology and the substantial improvement of people's living standards, a large number of smart houses have emerged all over the country, which are in the ascendant; The discussion on smart housing is also a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend. However, intelligent residence involves professional knowledge such as architecture, electric power, communication and computer, so the understanding of intelligent residence is also different. Combined with practice, the author puts forward some views on the composition and implementation of intelligent residence and discusses with you. 1 Whether it is "people-oriented" or "technology-oriented", in the current construction of smart houses, there is a widespread phenomenon of one-sided pursuit of technological advancement, ignoring the maturity and reliability of products and pursuing perfection of intelligent functions. When deciding the scheme of intelligent system, we did not proceed from the needs of residents, but hyped it with intelligence as a selling point. This tends to be technical to some extent, which seriously violates the basic principle of people-oriented in the construction of intelligent housing. Therefore, both developers and designers should comprehensively consider the level of economic development, residents' consumption concept and regional differences according to the characteristics of each specific project, and give owners more choices on the premise of meeting the basic requirements of building safety, energy conservation and environmental protection. We should not be divorced from reality and blindly pursue high standards. In recent years, there are more and more contents of intelligent system, but its basic functions are: 1. 1 Internet is the primary task of intelligent residence, so the construction of broadband network is essential. Through the community broadband network system, information exchange inside and outside the region can be realized, resources can be shared, and online securities trading, distance education, e-commerce and other services can be provided for residents. 1.2 security system is an important part of intelligent residence, which mainly includes infrared detection, door magnetic window magnetic, unit door intercom electronic control, fire and gas leakage detection, TV monitoring, electronic patrol and other systems. What security products should be selected, what detectors should be installed, where to install them, and how to give an alarm are all problems to be further studied. Generally, the unit door intercom electric control, fire and gas leakage detection system can be set up (only in the living room and kitchen), and the first, second and top floors can be set up with infrared detection and overtaking prevention systems. Senior residence can be equipped with TV monitoring, electronic patrol and other systems. 1.3 The remote transmission and centralized reading system of three meters is a property management system with automatic reading and collecting of water, electricity and gas meters as its core. Sometimes there are remote metering of hot water, drinking water and heating. Because the water supply company, gas company and power supply bureau are in a monopoly state, the final realization of their remote transmission and centralized meter reading has yet to be solved by the construction unit through government functional departments. At present, a meter reading network for hot water, drinking water and heating can be established first. Water, electricity and gas use meters with remote transmission devices, and the underground pipes are embedded in place. When conditions are ripe, networking will not be carried out for the time being. The power supply departments in some areas have realized the remote transmission of power carriers and centralized meter reading, and the system design can be completed by the power supply departments themselves. 1.4 the remote control system of household appliances, especially the remote control of household centralized cooling and heating system, is one of the development directions of smart houses in the future. However, the price/performance ratio of remote control of single air conditioner, rice cooker, curtain, washing machine and other household appliances is far from acceptable to ordinary families and should not be advocated in the short term. Only a few senior villas can be implemented as appropriate. 2 Whether it is "highly integrated" or "moderately integrated" Realizing intelligence through system integration is the most fundamental difference between smart houses and ordinary houses. The integration of intelligent system is to organically combine related subsystems, collect all kinds of information through the network, and then transmit these information to the needed places to realize the automation of information management. In traditional houses, there is generally no functional system mentioned above. Even if there is, each subsystem is independent in wiring, application and management, which leads to the use of a large number of pipes and equipment in each subsystem, causing inconvenience in installation, wasting materials, delaying the construction period, and sometimes even weakening the structural function of the wall, resulting in potential safety hazards. At the same time, due to the lack of communication between subsystems, it is difficult for the property department to achieve unified and effective management of each subsystem of the community. In addition, its openness and expansibility are poor, so when updating and adding subsystems, new pipeline equipment must be installed, resulting in secondary waste and damage to the building wall, which makes the construction more difficult. However, everything often has two sides. One-sided emphasis on system integration is not conducive to the healthy development of smart housing, but will increase unnecessary investment, increase the difficulty of system maintenance and management, and sometimes even lead to the unstable and reliable operation of each subsystem because of too high requirements for integration. The quality of some domestic smart products is uneven. If the subsystem can't pass the test, the large integration can't guarantee the openness and operational integrity. Therefore, we should do a good job in the integration of each subsystem, and according to the functional requirements, to ensure practicality and applicability. The essence of system integration is information integration, the enjoyment of resources and the need of management, not the need of centralized control. System integration should organically combine related subsystems according to the different needs of specific projects, rather than simply piling up the functions of each subsystem. System integration should follow the following principles: 2. 1 The information interfaces and protocols of each subsystem should meet the national standards. When ordering, all suppliers are required to abide by the technical agreement to lay the foundation for integration; 2.2 System integration management should be reliable, fault-tolerant and maintainable; 2.3 system integration should be layered integration according to different requirements; 2.4 Because the Code for Design of Automatic Fire Alarm System (GB50 1 16-98) stipulates: "The transmission network of automatic fire alarm system should not be shared with the transmission networks of other systems." Therefore, fire detection and gas leakage detection should not be integrated.

3. Whether it is "multi-network integration" or "multi-network coexistence", the network is the transmission channel to realize various functions of the residential intelligent system and the basis of system integration. Therefore, the choice and construction of network is the key to the construction of intelligent residence. The communication networks in traditional residential quarters are usually divided into three types: computer networks, telephone networks and cable TV networks, while the network systems in smart residential quarters will multiply. If these networks are organized by different management departments and do not interfere with each other, it will inevitably lead to more pipeline equipment, large engineering quantity and high cost. And "multi-network integration" is incomparable to "multi-network coexistence" in economy, openness and expansibility. At present, there is no problem in technology and equipment to realize "multi-network integration". However, there are still some problems to be solved in the following aspects. 3. 1 The lines and equipment of each traditional network are different and belong to different industry management departments. Judging from the current management system and norms, the implementation of "multi-network integration" must first solve the problem of industry cooperation. 3.2 Determine the network access mode: whether to use telephone communication network or cable TV network, or to build an integrated wiring network. These methods can achieve network access, but each has its own advantages and disadvantages. The main network access modes are as follows: 3.2. 1 hybrid fiber coaxial cable network (HFC): It can be based on the original cable TV network, but the two-way transmission problem must be solved first. Its advantages are wide network frequency bandwidth and low cost. In fact, it is a rough bus network, and users have to enjoy limited bandwidth. If there are more users surfing the Internet at the same time, it will directly affect the transmission speed. 3.2.2 Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Network (ADSL): The existing pair of twisted-pair telephone copper cores are used to provide users with upstream and downstream asymmetric digital signals. Fixed bandwidth, high quality of service and low cost are the most common access methods in China. However, due to the limitation of bandwidth, it is not suitable for transmitting cable TV signals. 3.2.3 All-fiber access network (FTTH): This is the highest goal of access network development at present, with unparalleled high bandwidth, low loss, low bit error rate, high confidentiality and high anti-interference. However, its expensive construction cost makes ordinary developers flinch, and it is difficult to promote it in most areas. 3.2.4 Integrated Wiring Network (PDS): It is also an optical fiber access mode. Firstly, the optical fiber is connected to the photoelectric conversion junction box of the residential area or each building, and then more than five kinds of unshielded twisted pair copper cores are distributed to every household. In this way, the bandwidth of each household can reach about 10M. It has most advantages of FTTH mode, but the utilization rate of integrated wiring is low, and the service life of system wires is only 10~ 15 years, which will be a waste in the first few years. 3.3 Whether it is "multi-network integration" or "multi-network coexistence" is not absolute. Conditional "multi-network integration" is good, but some access methods are not suitable for all power grid connections, and single networks can coexist temporarily. Conclusion The purpose of intelligent residence is to provide a safe, comfortable, advanced and efficient living environment for residents. Developers and designers should follow the people-oriented, practical and applicable principles, pay attention to the integration of functional settings and the overall environment, combine advanced technology with practicality and reliability, follow economic laws, conform to market development, optimize plans and products, and develop residential products that are suitable for national conditions, reasonable in function, flexible in combination, high in quality and low in price, so as to further promote the development of smart housing in China.

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