What is the origin of the best-preserved royal palace, the Summer Palace, known as the "Royal Garden Museum"?

The former Wengshan Mountain in the northwest suburb of Beijing is a remnant of Yanshan Mountain, and there are lakes under the mountain, which are called Qilili, Dabo Lake, Wengshanpo and West Lake. In the first year of Zhenyuan in the Jin Dynasty (1 153), the gold master Wan Yanliang set up the Jinshan Palace here.

After the Yuan Dynasty made Beijing its capital, in order to meet the needs of water transportation, Guo Shoujing, a hydraulic scientist, opened up the upstream water source and introduced the Shenshan spring water and running water along the way to the lake, which increased the water potential and became a water storage reservoir, ensuring the water supply for the palace and contributing to water transportation.

In the seventh year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1494), the nanny of Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty helped Mrs. Roche build the Yuan Jing Temple in front of Mount Weng, which was later abandoned. Since then, the number of gardens around Wengshan has gradually increased. Ming Wuzong built a palace by the lake, called "Shanshan Garden", which is a royal garden. Both Ming Wuzong and Ming Shenzong used to row boats here. During the Xi period of the Ming Dynasty, Wei Zhongxian took Shan Hao Garden as his own.

In the early years of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, the number of gardens in Haidian, a western suburb of Beijing, increased, and a large amount of garden water made the water consumption increase day by day. At that time, except for Wanquan River system with little flow, most of the garden water came from Yuquan Mountain and flowed into the West Lake, and it was also the water source of Tonghui River since the Ming Dynasty. ?

In the 15th year of Qianlong (1750), in order to prepare for the 60th birthday of Empress Dowager Chongde (Empress Xian), Emperor Qianlong, on the pretext of harnessing the water system in the west of Beijing, ordered the excavation of the West Lake, intercepting the water from Xishan, Yuquan and Shou 'an Mountain, and excavating Gaoshui Lake and Tishui Lake in the west of the West Lake, using these three lakes as reservoirs to ensure the water for the palace gardens and provide irrigation water for the surrounding farmland.

Emperor Qianlong took the story of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty digging Kunming Pool to practice the water army, renamed the West Lake Kunming Lake, and built the excavated soil on Weng Mountain in Hubei Province, and renamed Weng Mountain Wanshou Mountain.

In the 29th year of Qianlong (1764), Qingyi Garden was built, which cost more than 4.8 million yuan. In Qingyi Garden, according to the concept of "Three Fairy Mountains on the Sea" in ancient China mythology, three small islands, namely Nanhu Island, Tuancheng Island and Zaoshitang Island, were built in Kunming Lake and two lakes on the west side, so as to compare the three mountains on the sea: Penglai, Abbot and Yingzhou.

The master plan of Qingyi Garden is based on the West Lake in Hangzhou. At the same time, Jiangnan gardens and scenic spots are widely imitated, such as Phoenix Wharf imitating Taihu Lake, Jingming Building imitating Yueyang Tower, Wang Chan Pavilion imitating Yellow Crane Tower, Houxihu Commercial Street imitating Suzhou Water Street, and Xisuo Commercial Street imitating Yangzhou Twenty-four Bridges.

The main building in the park is yanshou temple, which is a big newspaper with a long corridor of more than 700 meters. Its architecture and decorative paintings are quite wonderful and have artistic value, and there are many sightseeing buildings. There are few buildings in Qingyi Garden of Wanshou Mountain in the Summer Palace, both political and residential. Emperor Qianlong visited Qingyi Garden that day and never lived in it.

At its peak, the Summer Palace was huge, covering an area of 2.97 square kilometers (293 hectares). It is mainly composed of Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake, of which the water surface accounts for three quarters (about 220 hectares).

The buildings in the park are centered on the Buddha Hall. There are more than 0/00 scenic buildings/kloc-,more than 20 courtyards, 3,555 ancient buildings, covering an area of more than 70,000 square meters, and more than 3,000 pavilions, terraces, buildings, pavilions and pavilions. Among them, Buddha Pavilion, Promenade, Zhou Shi, Suzhou Street, Seventeen-hole Bridge, Humorous Garden and Grand Stage are representative buildings. Old and famous trees 1600.

After Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty, Qingyi Garden was gradually abandoned due to the weakness of national strength. In the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), Qingyi Garden was destroyed by the fire of the British and French allied forces. ?

From the tenth year to the 21st year of Guangxu (1884 to 1895), Empress Dowager Cixi retired to recuperate and ordered the reconstruction of Qingyi Garden in the name of Emperor Guangxu. Due to limited funds, I concentrated my financial resources to restore the Qian Shan complex, and built a wall around Kunming Lake, renamed the Summer Palace and became the detached palace.

Extended data:

First, the architectural pattern:

The Summer Palace covers an area of 293 hectares and is mainly composed of Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake. There are more than 3,000 palace garden buildings in various forms, which can be roughly divided into three parts: administration, life and sightseeing.

The administrative district centered on Renshou Hall is the place where Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu sat in the hall to listen to politics and meet foreign guests. Behind Renshou Hall are three large quadrangles: Leshou Hall, Yulantang and Yiyuntang, where Cixi, Guangxu and Empress Dowager lived. Deheyuan Theater on the east side of Yiyun Pavilion is one of the three major theaters in Qing Dynasty.

Seen from the wisdom sea at the top of Wanshou Mountain, the Summer Palace consists of Buddha Pavilion, Dehui Hall, Paiyun Hall, Paiyun Gate and Yunhui Yuyufang, forming a distinct central axis. At the foot of the mountain is a "corridor" more than 700 meters long. There are more than 8,000 colorful paintings on the corridor, which is called "the first corridor in the world". In front of the promenade is Kunming Lake. The west dike of Kunming Lake is modeled after the Su Causeway of the West Lake.

The back hill of Wanshou Mountain and the back lake are towering with ancient trees, including Tibetan temples and Suzhou Creek Ancient Business Street. At the eastern end of Houhu Lake, there is a humorous garden built in imitation of Wuxi Jichang Garden, which is small and exquisite and is called "the garden in the garden".

Second, related introduction:

The Summer Palace, the imperial garden of China in the Qing Dynasty, was originally named Qingyi Garden. It is located in the western suburb of Beijing, 0/5km away from the urban area/kloc-,covering an area of about 290 hectares and adjacent to Yuanmingyuan.

It is a large-scale landscape garden with Kunming Lake and Wanshou Mountain as the background and Hangzhou West Lake as the basis, drawing lessons from the design techniques of Jiangnan gardens. It is also the most well-preserved royal palace, known as the "Royal Garden Museum" and a national key tourist attraction.

Before the Qing Emperor Qianlong succeeded to the throne, there were four large royal gardens in the western suburbs of Beijing. In the 15th year of Qianlong (1750), Emperor Qianlong rebuilt Qingyi Garden here with 4.48 million taels of silver, forming a royal garden area 20 kilometers long from Tsinghua campus to Xiangshan.

In the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), Qingyi Garden was burned by the British and French allied forces. In the 14th year of Guangxu (1888), it was rebuilt and renamed the Summer Palace as a summer amusement park. In the 26th year of Guangxu (1900), the Summer Palace was destroyed by "Eight-Nation Alliance" and its treasures were looted. After the demise of the Qing Dynasty, the Summer Palace was destroyed again during the period of warlord melee and Kuomintang rule.

196 1 On March 4th, the Summer Palace was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. Chengde mountain resort, Humble Administrator's Garden and Lingering Garden, which were announced at the same time, are also called the four famous gardens in China, and were listed on the World Heritage List in June1998+0/kloc-0.

On May 8, 2007, the Summer Palace was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A-level tourist attraction. In 2009, the Summer Palace was selected by world record association of China as the largest existing royal garden in China.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-summer palace