What is "Tao" in Buddhism?

Buddhism is people-centered, so its Tao is not far from people. But people's roots are beneficial and blunt, and their habits are thick and thin; The same online letter, there are high and low enlightenment and good and bad learning. Moreover, people's living environment is different, and their interests and desires are different. Therefore, in the acceptance and research of Tao, we must take care of the characteristics and strive to correspond, rather than sticking to our own opinions. Huineng, the sixth ancestor, said to Zhicheng, "If you have laws and people, you will be humiliated, but you can solve yourself with the party and use the pseudonym Samadhi." It's a true saying. Therefore, to preach for teachers, we must put aside the method of death, teach students in accordance with their aptitude, and tie them together, such as good doctors treating diseases and prescribing the right medicine. People who study Taoism should also put aside their stubbornness and adopt appropriate methods, such as have it both ways, a good navigator. Generally speaking, beginners, troubled by vulgarity, must follow the secular truth, take what they want, do what they want, distinguish with heart who is good, who is evil, who is right and who is evil, try their best to stop evil and cultivate good, abandon evil and do what is right, so as to abstain from evil and be honest. According to the practice of adapting to this feature, we should adopt what Huineng, the sixth ancestor, said: "Doing the right thing is the way". Skillful in keeping precepts and flawless in body and mind, laying a good foundation for further study of Buddhism and Taoism. Then, follow the sacred and just truth, without distinction or choice, specialize in doing nothing, do not repair without a license, and strive for nothing. According to the practice of adapting to this feature, we should take Mazu Yi Dao's "normal mind is the Tao" as the standard. Being clean in body, language and mind, with real experience and noble morality, he deserves to be a model for the masses; If you are full of wisdom, you can spread Buddhism and benefit your life, that is, you should go deep into the masses, be difficult to do, be unbearable, accumulate good dharma, and be charitable to repay the kindness of the country and all beings. According to the practice of adapting to this feature, it can be said that "the harmony between truth and vulgarity" and "sadness and wisdom" are the Tao. Tao is flexible, so we must handle it badly, adopt appropriate methods, be convenient, have skills and be properly managed, and we can break down barriers and achieve freedom and liberation. However, it is particularly important to know that you should never leave the book, you must hold the Great Classic to deal with all kinds of changes, and don't lose your belonging; Only in this way can we return to the root, keep our promises, make suggestions and enter the only way. In short, if the Tao can be flexible and do whatever it takes, and the goodness should be well preserved, then walking, living, sitting, lying, being silent and self-sufficient are all possible. Today, without being superficial, try to discuss it from two aspects: the correctness and reality of Tao. -Righteousness is the Tao. The sixth ancestor Huineng said in the Tanjing Prajna: "If you want to see the true Tao, righteousness is the Tao." The meaning of this sentence is that the purity of body, mouth and heart, the integrity and innocence of all actions are the ways of practice, so the Sixth Ancestor said, "If you are straight, you don't need to practice meditation." Six ancestors emphasized epiphany and wisdom. But he still stressed that abstinence is the foundation of wisdom, and the basic skill of monasticism is to keep abstinence away from the heart, so he said, "The mind is nothing more than self-discipline." People's behavior is not correct, mainly because of greed, ignorance and other troubles, which are caused by "non-heart". What is "non-heart"? That is, all the delusions in the consciousness and all kinds of fallacies about Jaken, if we get rid of these "non-ego", the troubles will vanish, and the physical and mental lines will naturally be just and innocent, and we will have to feel at ease when we wait. Therefore, the sixth ancestor said, "Only I am not my heart, so I can get rid of my troubles, hate and care, and lie down." This is what the Sixth Ancestor meant by "doing is the Tao". The specific content of the word "doing right" can be understood through the eight right paths in the thirty-seven products. Eight Righteousness is the eight laws of right view, mindfulness, righteousness, righteousness, righteousness, diligence, mindfulness and positive determination. Among them, the right career, the right life, is the right body industry; Orthodoxy belongs to the right line of the language world; Integrity, positive thinking, mindfulness and positive determination are the things that should be done; Diligence belongs to the main line of body, mouth and heart. Eight right paths, also known as the Eight Holy Roads, refer to the right view played by the wisdom without leakage as the main body after the sage sees the Tao, and the right thinking and even the positive definition under the guidance of this right view are based on the nature without leakage and are completely correct. Beginners don't have to ask too much, as long as they take the wisdom of the saints as the criterion, strive to do good, discard evil and take the right path, so that the physical and mental lines can be harmonious as law. In this way, the Eight Laws of Righteousness, etc. are reflected. Although it is not without leaking the Holy Way, it is as rational as Righteousness. As the saying goes, "all evil things must be avoided, and all good people seek their own purity, and they are all Buddhists." In ancient times, it was said that all evil is forbidden to learn, all good deeds are wise learning, and self-purification is learning. Although these three things are related to abstinence and wisdom, it is correct for beginners to take abstinence as the main way. Originally, all evil belongs to the "dharma precept", and the pursuit of all good is the "dharma precept of cultivating goodness" and "charity precept of forgiveness" in order to purify one's mind. From the point of view of fixed learning, it can include "secular way of leaving desire", "way of living desire" and various samadhi in Bodhisattva's commandments. But it is also a part of abstinence, and it is the most fundamental part. Because all three industries are based on meaning, consciousness and its corresponding thoughts in the process are the main body of the industry. Therefore, "On Cheng Weizhi" said: "It is physical work to start thinking; Can think in words, saying that it is a language industry; Judging two thoughts, meaning corresponding reason, making a move, saying it is a career. " So to keep the precepts, we must first purify ourselves. There is a pure heart, the three realms are clean, and all the lines are right. In keeping precepts, all evil deeds and all good deeds not only go hand in hand, but also complement each other. Therefore, scholars should not harm life and death in their careers, but also always save lives and set them free; It is necessary to take property for nothing, but also to be honest and charitable; It is necessary to abstain from prostitution and set an example. In the language industry, we must replace hypocritical words with honest words, harmonious words with two tongues, obedient words with evil words, and solemn words with eccentric words. In terms of career, we should stay away from negative desires and strengthen giving up; Stay away from embarrassment and always be kind; Stay away from stupidity and you will always be wise. To do evil, we should also guard against suspicion and suspicion. Even a little bit of good and evil, or a little bit of thought, should be included in the daily affairs that should be cultivated. In this way, Buddhism, which accepts all evils, pursues all goodness and purifies its meaning, is the right thing to do. Scholars must practice like this in order to be healthy and rigorous. In the part of The Yoga Teacher's Theory of Land, the method of "root method" is put forward, which can not only keep precepts clean, but also gain wisdom, which can be called the general method of abstinence from wisdom. If you want to embrace Buddhism seriously, Buddhism is evil, good and self-purification, so as to purify the body, mouth and heart, it is better to learn from here. Root rhyme is mainly based on mindfulness, which protects the roots and makes the roots often use according to rhyme. Its concrete practice is that practitioners always follow all good laws, remember them clearly and never forget them, which leads to mindfulness. And make mindfulness last, hidden but not obvious, fine but not thick, and live in your heart as if nothing had happened. Often when you are thinking about your heart, your heart will be bound and focused, because your heart is not scattered, but equal, quiet and has a certain concentration. The heart has a certain concentration, does not move outward, the root is opposite to the environment, and the heart does not take the phase, that is, there is no trouble and no evil deeds. If you forget mindfulness, the root door can't be protected, and it leaks its heart, leading to evil laws such as greed, then you will be aware of it, seize its root and restore mindfulness. Usually, if you live in mindfulness and realize introspection, quiet and bright, and realize this, you can overcome your troubles. Therefore, "The Yoga Teacher's Theory of Land" says: "The root rhythm taken by the text can overcome the current troubles; The root musical instrument taken by spiritual practice can break your troubles and sleep. " In this process, the kungfu of awareness is the same as the practice of Zen without thinking, and it is the same as the kungfu of thinking immediately and not thinking at all. It is also the concrete practice of Tao that the six ancestors "consciously but not heartbroken". As mentioned above, it is the only way for beginners to learn Buddhism and Taoism to distinguish between good and evil, be considerate and do something to make their body and mind upright and innocent. Second, a normal mind is the Tao. Four years after the publication of Five Lights Meeting Yuan, Zhao Zhou asked Nanquan Park Yuan, "What is Tao!" Nanquan said, "A normal mind is the Tao." In fact, there is a theory of "normal mind" in the Six Ancestors Tanjing, and it was publicly advocated by Mazu Yi Dao. In the recording of Zen Buddhism, Mazu said to the public one day, "Tao does not need to be repaired, but it should not be polluted." What is pollution? However, the tendency to give up and pretend is tainted. If you want to be straight, a normal mind is the Tao. What is a normal heart? There is no trick, no right or wrong, no choice, no breakthrough, and no sacredness. " What is the normal mind mentioned in this article? According to Mazu, it is unpolluted, contrary to the life-and-death mind with artificial tendency. On the positive side, it has no affectation, no right and wrong, no choice, and puts truth, holiness, justice and truth right. But it is named after the heart instead of wisdom, because it restores the true nature of the heart and directly becomes the original heart. However, it is not named Yuan Xin, because Yuan Xin is a noun. In order to break the word barrier and avoid naming, it is not named Yuan Xin, but named after the common idiom, in order to coordinate with real life. In fact, it is "Nirvana's wonderful mind, no reality, subtle practice", so a normal mind is the Tao. How to learn the normal mind here? Since the normal mind is the Tao, you can learn it by any method. When the first ancestor Dharma preached to the second ancestor Hui Ke, he said, "When you are breathing outside, your heart is not breathing. Your heart is like a wall and you can enter the Tao. " This is the only wonderful way to learn to be normal. The reason why China and foreign countries are interested in each other is because the roots are connected and the heart is not there. When you see color, you are not interested in color, but stay away from color; When you hear a sound, you are not interested in it, but stay away from it; Even if you know the law, you are not interested in it and divorced from it. In all knowledge and awareness, we don't take pictures, or we rest on the edge. There is no breath in my heart, which means I can't remember it. I feel uneasy when I think about it. If you live in your heart, you will feel at ease, but you will have no breath. The heart is like a wall, which means that the wall is blocking the way and it is difficult to move forward. All methods are divorced from words. After all, it is empty, and there is no less method to be taken, and there is no less method to be divided. For example, there is no road in the wall, where does the heart start and where does the heart go? This means that words and thoughts are broken and hearts are destroyed. If a person can get out of Bak Yan and stop thinking inward, his heart will become pure, and he will suddenly get a truly enlightened heart. This kind of telepathy, that is, seeing the Dharma, was strictly followed by all subsequent ancestors, especially Huineng, the sixth ancestor, who gave full play to its role in both explanation and action. He often said according to external interests: "separation from others is Zen"; According to the heart, there is no interest, so it is often said that "there is no chaos inside." It is not easy to adhere to this rule, whether it is self-study or teaching. His self-cultivation, that is, "respecting the right and not cultivating the good, filling the void and not creating evil", is an internal strength that does not breathe; "Silence, turn a blind eye, swim without heart" is the kung fu of breathing. The sixth ancestor said to Huiming, "Hold your breath, don't give birth to an idea, don't think about good and evil, when it is right, it is the true face." When he conveyed his heart to Xue Jian, he said, "But don't think about all the good and evil. Naturally, you will enter a clean mind. Zhan Ran is often silent and uses Hengsha skillfully. " These are all based on the teachings of our ancestors. As for the six ancestors, he said in the "Tanjing Dinghuipin": "My method, from the beginning, first established nothing as a Sect, nothing as a body, nothing as a foundation"; This also mainly refers to the teachings of the ancestors. Since it has been handed down from generation to generation, lanterns and lanterns are based on this method. Of course, it can promote the transformation of life and death into a normal mind, and it is impossible to give up this and seek another in the practice of Buddhism. People need to live, work and fulfill certain obligations. How can we stabilize our body and mind and increase our career in these actions? When you know that you must understand from the heart, you must enter from the line. The early ancestor Buddhism once put forward four lines: complaining about others, following the fate, and asking questions without doing anything, which is called the law. To do as the teacher says, we must first believe in karma, be hard-working and indifferent to ourselves. Second, we should understand all the laws of self-absence, gain and loss follow fate, and not be tired of things. Thirdly, peace of mind is always appropriate, not seeking fame and fortune, not greedy for pleasure, not seeking external metaphysics. More importantly, all actions should follow the right path and conform to the golden mean, which is the so-called "normal". This trip is extremely important. It is the main symbol of right and wrong road, right or wrong road. All laws are born of karma, but they are not available, so they are not there; But the quasi-causal phase of the reward before and after is obvious, so it is not without it. Therefore, all laws should be regarded as non-existent, non-existent, and they should be reluctant to give up in handling. The general requirement is to achieve the goal of not increasing or decreasing the law and returning it to its true colors. There is a saying in "There is no scale in speaking, and there are classics in speaking": "No, everything depends on karma. Without me, there will be no receiver, and the cause of good and evil will not die. " If you can see it this way, if you do, you will follow the truth, such as rational methods. Without breathing, you work hard from a quiet place, four-line efforts, and passive places. Dynamic and static combination, rigorous meditation, long time, no affectation, no right and wrong, no choice will stand out. What is the image of a normal heart? The image of a normal heart can be explained by the word "straight" commonly used by the six ancestors. Peace is peace of mind, and straightness is straightness. Fairness and courtesy are the maturity of Zen, that is, Tao, or Buddha's heart. Therefore, the sixth ancestor said, "If you are calm, why bother to keep the precepts? Why do you practice meditation when you are straight? " And he said, "Straight is Amitabha." The sixth ancestor only said the word "straight" from the aspect of normal mind, thinking that it is Tao, and did not directly say that normal mind is Tao. Later, the great virtue of Zen Buddhism realized here that it is normal for the six ancestors to say that the heart is parallel and straight, so having a normal heart is the Tao. A normal mind is useful, as far as its body is concerned, it is a calm heart; As far as its use is concerned, it is straight. The specific scene of peace of mind is illustrated by the phrase "one phase is three rubbing places" in the altar sutra Fu Zhupin. He said, "I don't live in different places, I don't hate love, I don't care about bad things, I am comfortable and quiet, and I am indifferent to each other." Peace of mind has its own prajnaparamita, and it can reach any law, no big or small, no high or low, no good or bad, no good or evil, no clean or clean, and no small method can be distinguished. If there is no difference, then there is no difference between mind and wisdom, and nothing is different. For example, the mind can't be born at the same time as the others, but there is only one pure phase, which turns round and round, hence the name Samadhi. As for the positive, its concrete performance should be the "Samadhi" phase mentioned by the Six Ancestors. The Sixth Ancestor said: "All the places, walking, living, sitting and lying, have a pure heart and don't move the Dojo, which is really pure land. This name is samadhi. " Because the mentality is peaceful, if you don't move, you will be hurt, if you move, you will be separated, and if you move, your feelings will be straight. If you don't move, you will still be clean and have no phase, hence the name Samadhi. Among them, one phase is Samadhi, which embodies the peace of mind and is established from the body of normal mind; A samadhi line that reflects straightness is based on the use of normal mind. If there is a samadhi with the essence of normal body and mind, there will be a line of samadhi with the content of normal body and mind, so there must be a samadhi in turn. In other words: the heart is parallel and straight, and the heart is straight and flat. If we use the meaning of "silent illumination" to understand the meaning of straightness, then a samadhi is silent and bright as usual, and wisdom is in it; A line of samadhi is always silent, it is decided at the bell meeting. Combining these two kinds of samadhi is the whole picture of normal mind. If a scholar has been abstaining from doing things and doing three things without evil, he should take a normal mind as the way, follow righteousness and reason, govern by doing nothing, repair without repairing, and repair without repairing; If you can't prove it, you can. If you do, you will meet yourself and break through the sacred barrier. Third, the combination of truth and vulgarity, sadness and wisdom is a multiplication of Taoism, a bodhisattva and a Buddha. Buddha is a bodhisattva, so if you want to become a Buddha, you must practice bodhisattva. The main signs of Bodhisattva's trip are great wishes, great achievements and great scholars, so as to spread all beings. Therefore, the combination of truth and vulgarity, compassion and wisdom has become the highest criterion of practice, especially for those who have made great achievements. Why should we forgive all beings? Because all sentient beings are Futian, all sentient beings will develop bodhicitta, cultivate bodhisattvas and achieve infinite merits. All beings are wise. Only by judging all sentient beings can we widely learn various doctrines and achieve "Tao planting wisdom" and "cutting wisdom" All living beings are the mothers of all buddhas, so it is said: "When all buddhas are liberated, they should seek the hearts and actions of all living beings." All sentient beings are the roots of the Holy Way, so Hua Yan said, "All sentient beings are the roots, and all buddhas and bodhisattvas are Guo Hua." For all sentient beings, we must have compassion and wisdom. Only with this kind of heart can we achieve the wonderful use of harmony between truth and vulgarity and achieve the purpose of extensive aid. Therefore, the Buddha said that the Bodhisattva Taoism such as "Six Degrees", "Four Radiations" and "Four Infinite Hearts" were all established according to the principles of equal compassion, wisdom and luck, and harmony between truth and custom. The "giving", "giving by law" and "giving without fear" in the six degrees are all expressions of sadness. "Wisdom" is a manifestation of wisdom. The combination of "two degrees" is precisely the fate of sadness and wisdom. The other four degrees, each with sadness and wisdom as the content. Moreover, it is like forbearance, in which forbearance of others' grievances hurts others' hearts, thinking by law is better than forbearance is wisdom, and forbearance belongs to sadness and wisdom. Among the "precepts", "forgiving one with affection" mainly belongs to sadness, "learning good laws and precepts" mainly belongs to wisdom, and "learning laws and regulations" belongs to sadness and wisdom. The remaining two degrees, like this. As for the "four photos", giving is sadness, love words are mostly wisdom, and benefiting others and colleagues is a mixture of sadness and wisdom. Another example is the "Four Infinite Hearts", where sorrow returns to sorrow, giving up to wisdom, and both good and happy get sorrow and wisdom. Bodhisattva's practice of infinite Buddhism is based on compassion and wisdom, and is based on the integration of truth and vulgarity. Because you have great compassion, you are willing to declare the true meaning of your subtle differences to all beings; At the same time, it is necessary to have great wisdom to be convenient and skillful, and to guide all beings to realize the true meaning with secular methods. As stated in Jing Ming Jing Bodhisattva's Travels, "the road to liberation is endless", in which "Bodhisattva can't do anything", that is, to combine truth with vulgarity, wisdom with sorrow, and not to give up the world. "Don't stop doing nothing" means integrating vulgarity with truth, accepting sadness with wisdom and embracing reality deeply. The Diamond Sutra says: "The Buddha tells Bodhi, and the Bodhisattvas should surrender their hearts in this way. If all sentient beings ovulate, viviparous, wet, metaplastic, colored, colorless, mindful, mindless, mindless, I will put them into nirvana and destroy them. If so, there will be countless degrees of extinction. When all beings enter nirvana and do as the Romans do, it is great kindness and great compassion; He who has no sentient beings is great wisdom and follows the true meaning. There are too many such sayings about Mahayana. Generally speaking, it is to teach people to practice bodhisattva, and to carry out various activities on the premise of harmony between truth and vulgarity, compassion and wisdom. The founder of Zen is straightforward, but still attaches importance to the harmony between truth and custom, compassion and wisdom. As the Sixth Ancestor said, "If you want to imitate others, you must have your own convenience. Don't let them doubt, just be yourself. " This imitation of others is sad, convenience is wisdom, and combination is sad and wisdom. At the same time, convenience is the truth of following the customs, and self-nature is the truth of following the customs. Taken together, it is sadness and wisdom, and it is the harmony between truth and custom. The masterpiece of altar sutra praised the cloud: "Why bother to keep precepts when you are calm, and why bother to practice Zen when you are straight?" This is the true meaning. "Kindness is filial piety to adoptive parents, righteousness is sympathy from top to bottom, obedience is respect and harmony, and forbearance is silence", which means to do as the Romans do, teach people to do well in family, society and other aspects of interpersonal relationships in daily life, and get along well with the masses. On the whole, it is true and vulgar. The harmony between truth and vulgarity is the middle way of emptiness and double manifestation, and it is also the foundation of supreme bodhi; Sadness and wisdom, etc. , is the victory of self-interest, is the essence of nirvana. If we can take this middle way as the Tao and follow it successfully, we will be designated as the "supreme masters" of Buddhism and Taoism. Fourth, it is said that although there are various kinds of rationality, it still belongs to one kind. "Prajna Paramita" said: "Although there are various reasons, it is still unified", which means that although Tao has various names for machine, its essence is unique, so "Huayan Jing" also said: "All Buddhas are separated by one." Since Tao is one, the three items of "line equality" mentioned earlier in this paper are Tao, which is mainly convenient to say according to some specific situations. In fact, these three ways are not isolated from each other, but integrated with each other. Scholars here should not only master their special adaptability, but also understand their mutual universality, so as to combine Tao and power and operate freely. What does normalization mean in Tanjing? To put it bluntly, a reality is real. This principle is the body of Tao, which is ubiquitous in all laws and places, so it is called "avenue". This truth is true and often unchanged, so it is the "true Tao". At the same time, it is the correct truth, it is far from both sides and impartial, so it is also the "right way" or the "middle way". If people think about enlightenment according to this principle, it is "enlightenment". Realizing this principle and the concept of pro-certification is "seeing the Tao". According to the truth of personal testimony, cultivating the mind and keeping the body, mouth and mind clean is in line with this truth, that is, "cultivation." Mastering self-cultivation, getting rid of foreign dust and making this truth fully manifest is "becoming a Tao." Therefore, "although there are thousands of words, there is still one reason." At the same time, Tao is also useful. It is the wonderful use of Prajna, and teaching students in accordance with their aptitude is a familiarity with Buddhism. Establish a variety of teaching methods, such as the multiplication of heaven and man, the multiplication of sound and smell, the multiplication of solitude, the multiplication of bodhisattva, etc., referred to as "one multiplication". There is no limit to practice, and all are unified in one Buddha ride. If the method of regression is used, then the multiplication of this method is nothing more than a truth. However, we should know that the overall use of Tao is the embodiment of the overall use of heart and soul. Because the so-called truth of Tao is the truth of pure heart, and the various methods adopted by one method are nothing more than the application of universal mind. If we regard the self-mind as the universal truth, we can now see the authenticity of the self-mind, which is the proof of Bodhi. People can "clear their minds" by observing their minds, "see their nature" and "become a Buddha". "Self-cultivation in since the enlightenment, self-study in since the enlightenment and Buddhism in since the enlightenment". In this way, all living beings are legalized, as are all Buddhas in past lives. This is the most tolerant and unique of Buddhism and Taoism. As the saying goes, "if you solve a thousand problems, you will be puzzled." Goode also said, "Keep one thing and complete everything." Comrades, understanding is the truth, realize this heart!